20196月四级真题及解析卷二_共18页

1、2019.6 英语四级真题及答案（卷二） 2019.6 Part I Writi ng 1、【题干】、【题干】 Direct ions: For this part, you are allowed 30 mi nu tes to write a n ews report to your campus n ewspaper on a visit to a local farm orga ni zed by your Stude nt Union. You should write at least 120 words but no more tha n180 words. 【答案】【答案】An

2、 Impressive Activities-Visiting In order to help us stude nts to en rich life and broade n horiz on, the Stude nt Union orga ni zed a meanin gful activity on last weeke nd-visit ing the local farm, by which we grasped much useful kno wledge about agriculture. The farm we visited is located in the su

3、burb of Beijing and far away from our school, which covers an area of 1000 square feet. Along with native foods like rice and potatoes, the farmers on the farm grow many orga nic vegetables, in cludi ng corn, cucumbers, tomatoes and so forth. Besides, the farm breeds a host of local species such as

4、dairy cattle, geese, chicken by modern scientific tech niq ue. One of the most impressive thi ngs for us is that by means of gree n farming methods, the problem of environmental pollution has been effectively alleviated. This outdoors activity has a really deep impression for us. Not only did it get

5、 us closer to the n ature and relieve pressure from us, it also enhance our professi onal kno wledge about husba ndry tech no logy. Part 川川 Reading Section A The cen ter of America n automobile inno vati on has in the past decade moved 2,000 miles away. It has _ (27)from Detroit to Silic on Valley,

6、where self-driv ing vehicles are coming into life. In a_ (28)to take product ion back to Detroit, Michiga n lawmakers have in troduced _ (29)that could make their state the best place in the coun try, if not the world, to develop self-driv ing vehicles and put them on the road. Michiga ns _ (30)i n

7、auto research and developme nt is un der attack from several states and coun tries which desire to _ (31)our leadership in tran sportati on. We cant let happe n, says Sen ator Mike Kowall, the lead (32) of four bills recen tly in troduced. If all four bills pass as written, they would _ (33)a substa

8、ntial update of Michigans 2013 law that allowed the testing of self-driving vehicles in limited conditions. Manufacturer would have nearly total freedom to test their self- driv ing tech no logy on public roads. They would be allowed to send groups of self-driv ing cars on cross-state road trips, an

9、d eve n set on-dema nd _ (34)of self-driving cars, like the one General Motors and Lyft are building. Lawmakers in Michiga n clearly want to make the state ready for the commercial applicati on of self-driv ing tech no logy .In _ (35), Califor nia, home of Silic on Valley, recen tly proposed far mor

10、e _ (36)rules that would require huma n drivers be ready to take the wheel, and commercial use of self- driv ing tech no logy. 27、【题干】、【题干】 _ . 【选项】【选项】 A.bid B.con trast I C.deputy D.do minance E.fleets F.k nots G.l egislatio n H.migrated I.replace J.represe nt K.restrictive L.reward M.sig nifica n

11、t N.sp on sor O.tra nsmitted 【答案】【答案】H 28、【题干】、【题干】 _ 【选【选项】项】 A.bid B.con trast C.deputy D.do minance E.fleets F.k nots G.l egislatio n H.migrated I.replace J.represe nt K.restrictive L.reward M.sig nifica nt N.sp on sor O.tra nsmitted 【答案】【答案】A 29、【题干】、【题干】 _ -I【选项】【选项】 A.bid B.con trast C.deputy

12、D.do minance E.fleets F.k nots G.l egislatio n H.migrated I.replace J.represe nt restrictive L.reward M.sig nifica nt N.sp on sor O.tra nsmitted 【答案】【答案】G 30、【题干】、【题干】 _ 【选【选项】项】 A.bid B.con trast C.deputy D.do minance E.fleets F.k nots G.l egislatio n H.migrated I.replace J.represe nt K.restrictive

13、 L.reward M.sig nifica nt N.sp on sor O.tra nsmitted 【答案】【答案】D 31、【题干】、【题干】 _ 【选【选项】项】 A.bid B.con trast C.deputy D.do minance E.fleets F.k nots G.l egislatio n I H.migrated l.replace J.represe nt K.restrictive L.reward M.sig nifica nt N.sp on sor O.tra nsmitted 【答案】【答案】I 32、【题干】、【题干】 _ 【选【选项】项】 A.b

14、id B.con trast C.deputy D.do minance E.fleets F.k nots G.l egislatio n H.migrated I.replace J.represe nt K.restrictive L.reward M.sig nifica nt N.sp on sor O.tra nsmitted 【答案】【答案】N 33、【题干】、【题干】 _ 【选【选项】项】 A.bid B.con trast C.deputy D.do minance I E.fleets F.k nots G.l egislatio n H.migrated I.replac

15、e J.represe nt K.restrictive L.reward M.sig nifica nt N.sp on sor O.tra nsmitted -J【答案】【答案】J 34、【题干】、【题干】 _ 【选【选项】项】 A.bid B.con trast C.deputy D.do minance E.fleets F.k nots G.l egislatio n H.migrated l.replace J.represe nt restrictive L.reward M.sig nifica nt N.sp on sor O.tra nsmitted 【答案】【答案】E 3

16、5、【题干】、【题干】 _ 【选【选项】项】 A.bid B.con trast C.deputy D.do minance E.fleets F.k nots G.l egislatio n H.migrated I.replace J.represe nt K.restrictive L.reward M.sig nifica nt N.sp on sor O.tra nsmitted 【答案】【答案】B 36、【题干】、【题干】 _ 【选选项】项】 A.bid B.con trast C.deputy D.do minance E.fleets I F.k nots G.l egisla

17、tio n H.migrated l.replace J.represe nt K.restrictive L.reward M.sig nifica nt N.sp on sor O.tra nsmitted 【答案】【答案】K Part 川川 Reading Section B Make Stuff, Fail, And Learn While Youre At It A Weve always bee n a han ds-on, do-it-yourself kind of n ati on. Ben Fran kli n, one of Americas founding fathe

18、rs, did nt just invent the light ning rod. His creati ons in clude glasses, inno vative stoves and more. B Fran kli n, who was largely self-taught, may have bee n a geni us, but he wasnt really an exception when it comes to American making and creativity. C The pers onal computi ng revoluti on and p

19、hilosophy of disruptive innovation of Silicon Valley grew, in part, out of the creations of the Homebrew Computer Club, Which was founded in a garage in Menlo Park, Califor nia, in the mid-1970s. Members in cludi ng guys n amed Jobs and Wozniak started making and inven ti ng thi ngs they could nt bu

20、y. D So its no surprise that the Maker Moveme nt today is thriv ing in com mun ities and some schools across America. Maki ng is available to ordinary people who arent tied to big compa ni es, big defe nse labs or research uni versities. The maker philosophy echoes old ideas advocated by Joh n Dewey

21、, Mon tessori, and eve n ancient Greek philosophers, as we poin ted out rece ntly. E These maker spaces are often outside of classrooms, and are serv ing an importa nt educati onal fun cti on. The Maker Moveme nt is rediscoveri ng learning by doing, which is Deweys phrase from 100 years ago. We are

22、rediscovering Dewey and Montessori and a lot of the practices that they pion eered that have bee n forgotte n or at least put aside. A maker space is a place which can be in a school, but it does nt look like a classroom. It can be in a library. It can be out in the com muni ty. It has tools and mat

23、erials. Its a place where you get to make thi ngs based on your in terest and on what youre learning to do. F Ideas about lear ning by doing have struggled to become mai nstream educati on ally, despite being old con cepts from Dewey and Mon tessori, Plato and Aristotle, and in the America n Con tcx

24、t, Ralph Emers on, on the value of experience and self-relianee. Its not necessarily an efficient way to learn. We learn, in a sen se, by trial and error. Lear ning from experie nce is somethi ng that takes time and patience. Its very individualized. If your goal is to have sta ndardized approaches

25、to lear ning, where everybody lear ns the same thi ng at the same time in the same way, the n lear ning by doing does nt really fit that mold anymo re. Its not the world of textbooks. Its not the world of test ing. Lear ning by doing may not be efficie nt, but it is effective. Project based lear nin

26、g has grow n in popularity with teachers and adm ini strators. However, project-based lear ning is not making. Although there is a connection, there is also a disti nction. The differe nee lies in whether the project is in a sense defi ned and developed by the stude nt or whether its assig ned by a

27、teacher. Well all get the kids to build a small boat. We are all going to lear n about X, Y, and Z. That tends to be one form of project-based lear ning. H I really believe the core idea of making is to have an idea withi n your head or you just borrow it from some one and begi n to develop it , rep

28、eat it and improve it. Then, realize that idea somehow. That thi ng that you make is valuable to you and you can share it with others. Im interested in how these thi ngs are expressi ons of that pers on, their ideas, and their in teract ions with the world. I In some ways, a lot of forms of maki ng

29、in school trivialize（ 使变得无足使变得无足轻轻 重重）mak ing. The thi ng that you make has no value to you. Once you are done dem on strati ng whatever con cept was in the textbook, you throw away the pipe clea ners, the cardboard tubes. J Making should be stude nt-directed and stude nt-led, otherwise its bori ng.

30、 It does nt have the motivati on of the stude nt. Im not say ing that stUde nts should not lear n con cepts or not lear n skills. They do. But to really harn ess their motivati on is to build upon their in terest. Its to let them be in con trol and to drive the car. K Teachers should aim to build a

31、supportive, creative en vir onment for students to do this work. A very social environment, where they are learning from each other. When they have a problem, it isnt the teacher necessarily coming in to solve it. They are resp on sible for work ing through that problem. It might be they have to tal

32、k to other stude nts in the class to help get an an swer. L The teachers role is more of a coach or observer. Sometimes, to people, it sounds like this is a dimini shed rote for teachers. I thi nk its a heighte ned role. Youre ereati ng this en vir onmen t, like a maker space. You have 20 kids doing

33、 differe nt thi ngs. You are watchi ng them and really its the huma n behaviors youre look ing at. Are they en gaged? A they develop ing and repeati ng their project? Are they stumbli ng （ 受受挫挫）? Do they n eed somethi ng that they dont have? Can you help them be aware of where they are? M My belief

34、is that the goal of making is not to get every kid to be han ds-on, but it en able us to be good lear ners. Its not the kno wledge that is valuable, Its the practice of lear ning new thi ngs and un dersta nding how things work. These are processes that you are develop ing so that you are able, over

35、time, to tackle more in teresti ng problems, more challe nging problems problems that require many people in stead of one pers on, and many skills in stead of one. N If teachers keep it form-free and student-led, it can still be tied to a curriculum and an educati onal pla n. I thi nk a maker space

36、is more like a like a library in that there are multiple subjects and multiple thi ngs that you can learn. What seems to be miss ing in school is how these subjects in tegrate, how t hey fit together in any meaningful way. Rather than saying, scie nee, over here is history, I see schools tak ing thi

37、s idea of projects and look ing at: How do they support childre n in higher level lear ning? O I feel like this is a shift away form a subject matter-based curriculum to a more experiential curriculum or learning. Its still in its early stages, but I think its shift ing around not what kids lear n b

38、ut how they lear n. 37. 【题干】【题干】 A maker space is where people make things according to their pers onal in terests. 【选项】【选项】This is B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K M.M N.N O.O 【答案】【答案】E 38. 【题干】【题干】 The teachers role is enhanced in a maker space as they have to monitor and facilitate during

39、the process. 【选项】【选项】 AA B. B C. C D. DH E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N O.O H 【答案】【答案】L 39. 【题干】【题干】 Comi ng up with an idea of on es own or improvi ng one from others is key to the con cept of mak ing. 【选项】【选项】 AA B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G 因因H.H I. I J. J K. K L. L M. M N. N O. O 【答案】【

40、答案】H 40. 【题干】【题干】 Contrary to structured learning, learning by doing is highly in dividualized. 【选项】【选项】H A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K H L. L M. M N. N O. O 【答案】【答案】F 41. 【题干】【题干】 America is a nation known for the idea of making things by on eself. 【选项】【选项】 AA B.B C.C E.E F.F G.G H.H

41、I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N 【答案】【答案】A 42.【题干】【题干】 Making will be bori ng uni ess stude nts are able to take charge. 【选【选项】项】 AA B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G 因因H.H I. I J. J K. K L. L M. M N. N O. O 【答案】【答案】J 43. 【题干】【题干】 Maki ng can be related to a project, but it is created and carried out by stude nts them

42、selves. 【选项】【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L. L M. M N. N O. O 【答案】【答案】G 44. 【题干】【题干】 The author suggests incorporating the idea of a maker space into a school curriculum. 【选项】【选项】 AA B. B C. C E.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J K.K L.L M.M N.N 【答案】【答案】N 45. 【题干】【题干】 The maker concept is a mo

43、dern version of some ancient philosophical ideas. 【选项】【选项】 AA B.B C.C D. D E. E F. F G. G H. H I.I J.J K.K L. L M.M N.N O.O 【答案】【答案】D 46. 【题干】【题干】 Making is not taken seriously in school when students are asked to make somethi ng mea nin gless to them based on textbooks. -I【选项】【选项】 A.A B.B C.C D.D E

44、.E F.F G.G H.H I.I J.J 因因K.K L. L M. M N. N O. O 【答案】【答案】I Part 川川 Reading Section C Passage One Questi ons 47 to 51 are based on the follow ing passage. In the classic marriage vow（ 誓约誓约）,couples promise to stay together in sick ness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce amo

45、ng older couples rises whe n the wife-not the husba nd becomes seriously ill. themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce, said researcher Amelia Karraker. Karraker and co-author Ken zie Latham an alyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages fro

46、m a study con ducted by In dia na Un iversity since 1992. At the time of the first in terview, at least one of the part ners was over the age of 50. The researchers exam ined how the on set（ 发生发生）of four serious physical ill nesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages en de

47、d in divorce over the period studied. The incidenee of new chronic（ 慢性的慢性的） illness on set in creased over time as will, with more husba nds tha n wives develop ing serious health problems. We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of ill ness, Karraker said. Theyre m

48、ore likely to be widowed, and if theyre the noes who become ill, theyre more likely to get divorced. While the study did nt assess why divorce in more likely whe n wives but not husba nds become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reas ons. Gender norms and social expectations about caregi

49、ving many make it more Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses, Karraker said. And because ofihe imbala nee in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective part ners tha n divor

50、ced wome n. Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging populati on, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relati on ship betwee n disease and risk of divorce. Offeri ng support services to spouses cari ng for their other halves may reduce marital stress and pr

51、eve nt divorce at older ages, she said. But its also importa nt to recog nize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may n eed additi onal care and services to preve nt worse ning health and in creased health costs. 47. 【题干】【题干】 What can we learn about marriage vow

52、s from the passage? 【选项】【选项】 A. They may not guara ntee a lasti ng marriage. B. They are as binding as they used to be. C. They are not take n seriously any more. D. They may help couples tide over hard times. 【答案】【答案】A 48. 【题干】【题干】 What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly hu

53、sba nds? 【选项】【选项】 A. They are gen erally not good at tak ing care of themselves. B. They can become in creas in gly vuln erable to serious ill nesses. C. They can develop differe nt kinds of ill nesses just like their wives. D. They are more likely to con tract serious ill nesses tha n their wives.

54、【答案】【答案】B 49. 【题干】【题干】 What does Karraker say about women who fall ill? -I【选项】【选项】 A. They are more likely to be widowed. B. They are more likely to get divorced. C. They are less likely to receive good care. D. They are less likely to bother their spouses. 【答案】【答案】B 50. 【题干】【题干】 Why is it more diff

55、icult for men to take care of their sick spouses accord ing to Karraker? 【选项】【选项】 A. They are more accustomed to receiv ing care. B. They find it more importa nt to make money for the family. C. They thi nk it more urge nt to fulfill their social obligati ons. D. They expect society to do more of th

56、e job. 【答案】【答案】A 51. 【题干】【题干】 What does Karraker think is also important? 【选项】【选项】 A. Reduci ng marital stress on wives. B. Stabilizi ng old coupless relati ons. C. Providi ng extra care for divorced wome n. D. Making men pay for their wives health costs. 【答案】【答案】C Passage Two Questi ons 52 to 56 ar

57、e based on the follow ing passage. If you were like most childre n, you probably got upset whe n your mother called you by a siblings（ 兄弟姐妹的兄弟姐妹的）name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved you less? Probably not. Accord ing to the first research to tackle this topic head-on, misnaming t

58、he most familiar people in our life is a com mon cog nitive（ 认知认知的的） error that has to do with how our memories classify and store familiar names. The study, published on li ne in April in the jour nal Memory and Cogn iti on, found that the wrong n ame is not ran dom but is in variably fished out fr

59、om the same relati on ship pond: childre n, sibli ngs, frie nds. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubi n, but it does tell us whos in and whos out of the group. The study also found that withi n that group, misnamings occurred where the n ames shared in itial or internal soun ds, like Jimmy and Joa nie or Joh n and Bob. Physical resembla nce betwee n people was not a factor. Nor was gen der. The researche