被动语态语法知识点精讲

1、被动语态语法知识点精讲:一、不用被动语态的情况(1 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束 , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较:rise, fall, happen是不及物动词; raise, seat是及物动词。(错

2、The price has been risen. (对 The price has risen.(错 The accident was happened last week.(对 The accident happened last week. (2 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, wal

3、k into, belong toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.(3 系动词无被动语态:appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good.(4 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a b

4、ad dream last night.(5 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。(对 She likes to swim. (错 To swim is liked by her.二、主动形式表示被动意义(1wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, driveThe book sells well.这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。 (2blame, let(出租 , remain, keep, rent, buildI was to b

5、lame for the accident. Much work remains.(3 在 need, require, want, worth (形容词 , deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。(4 特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见 /理解自己 , have sth. done ( 要某

6、人做某事 。三、被动形式表示主动意义be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from, be finished, be prepared (for, be occupied (in, get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意:表示同某人结婚,用 marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 都可。He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.四、 need/want/require/

7、worth注意:当 need, want, require, worth(形容词 后面接 doing 也可以表示被动。Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。 The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。育才初中 8B 语法之被动语态讲解一、 主动语态与被动语态的概念:英语动词的语态有两种:主动语态:表示 主语是动作的执行者被动语态:表示 主语是动作的承受者 (常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用 例:They speak English. (主动语态主 谓 宾(被动语态

8、主 谓 介词短语注:及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。例: We listen tothe teacher carefully in class.主 谓 宾 The teacher is listened toby us carefully in class.主 谓 介词短语二、 被动语态的结构与用法:结构:be +done (过去分词 被动语态中的 be 为助动词 ,无意义。 be 可能是 am , is , are也可能是 was ,were或原形 be 。 注: 被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的, be 是什么时态,全句就是什么时态, be 后 面的过去分

9、词不变。用法:例:H istory is made by the people. (一般现在时 T he cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般过去时 The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时 T he room must be kept clean.(含有情态动词的被动语态 The door is being opened.(现在进行时 The film has been seen by me.(现在完成时注:我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法时 态 动词的被动形式 例 句一般现在时 is doneHe is a

10、sked to do this.一般过去时 was doneThe story was told by her mother.一般将来时 will be doneThe problem will be discussed tomorrow.现在进行时 is being doneThe novel is being written.过去进行时 was being doneAt that time the desk was being made.现在完成时 has been doneThe house has been built.过去完成时 had been doneThey said that

11、 their work had been finished.过去将来时 would be doneHe said the trees would be planted soon.三、 被动语态的各种句型:1、 T he song is liked by young people. (肯定句 2、 T he song isn t liked by young people(否定句3、 Is the song liked by young people ?(一般疑问句4、 Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?(特殊疑问句四、 主

12、动语态改被动语态的方法:方法分为三步:把原句中的 宾语改成主语动词改为变动形式 be done(同时注意时态 原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词 by 后面,以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要则省去例:The man killed a tiger. A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面 五、 特殊句型的被动语态: 含有 使役动词(make /let /have 或感官动词(hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel等 的句子,在主动语态中这些词后 常跟不带 to 的动词不定式 ,但是在

13、改成被动语态时 , 则 一定要把省去的 to 再加上去 , 另外 help 这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带 to, 也可不带 to, 但在 被动语态 中也 必须把 to 加上去 。例: Mother often makes me do some housework. I am often made to do some housework by mother. We saw him run into the classroom. He was seen to run into the classroom by us. teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, te

14、ll 等动词常常 带有两个宾语 (双宾语:直接宾语和间接宾 语 ,改为被动语态时,两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。 如果直接宾语被提前作主语, 那么间接宾语(一般是人前要加相应的介词 to/for。例:S he gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. I was given a pen by her. A pen was given to me by her. My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me. I was bought a new bike by my f

15、ather. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 由不及物动词 (vi +介词 /副词+宾语的句子改成被动语态时, 介词或副词不能丢掉。 (前 面已举过两例例:W e should speak to old people politely. Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us. He took away the box. The box was taken away by him. 含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。 (宾补放在原来位置不变 例: We call him Xiao Ma

16、.主 谓 宾 宾补H e is called Xiao Maby us. He found the book very interesting. The book was found very interesting by him.六、被动语态的用法(1不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 (不知道电脑是谁偷的 This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于 1981年。(2强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。例如:the window was

17、broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天 8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀:谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要;动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到。七、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2把谓语变成被动结构 (be+过去分词 (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式 。(3把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。

18、例如:All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people.They make the bikes in the factory.The bikes are made by them in the factory.歌诀是:宾变主,主变宾, by 短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动, be 后“过分”来使用。八、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be +过去分词”构成,原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后“ to ”仍要保留。歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加 be 加“过分” ,原来带 to 要保留。

19、例如:We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days.You ought to take it away.It ought to be taken away.They should do it at once.It should be done at once.九、被动语态的特殊结构形式(1有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例:His mother gave him a present for

20、his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.(2当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语, 其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.(3 在使役动词 have , make,get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时, 在主动结构中不

21、定式 to 要省略, 但变为被动结构时, 要加 to 。 例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.(4 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词+介词” , “动词+副词”等,也可以用 于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.十、 非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态 (一般时态和完成

22、时态 例:I dont like being laughed at in the public.非谓语动词的被动语态 v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态 。例 I dont like being laughed at in the public.十一、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词:believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“ It +be +过去分词+that 从句”或“主语+be +过去分词+to do sth.” 。

23、有:It is said that:据说 , It is reported that:据报道,It is believed that:大家相信, It is hoped that,大家希望,It is well known that众所周知, It is suggested that,据建议。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.(=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 十二、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有很多动词:break , catch ,

24、clean , drive , lock , open , sell , read , write , wash等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义 , 主语通常 是物。例 :This kind of cloth washes well.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 试比较:The door wont lock. (指门本身有毛病The door wont be locked. (指不会有人来锁门 , 指“门没有锁”是人的原因2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, take p

25、lace, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 :How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?3. 系动词没有被动形式 , 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例 :Your reason sounds reasonable拼搏创造奇迹，激情成就梦想！ 十三、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义 在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式

26、的主动形式表被动意义。 1在 need，want，require, bear 等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义 相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 例:The house needs repairing（to be repaired） 这房子需要修理。 2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义， 但不能跟动词不定式； worthy 而 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。 例:The picture-book is well worth reading （The picture-book is very worthy to be read ） 3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定

27、语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另 一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do 与 things 是动宾关系， 与 I 是主谓关系。 试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明 you 不是 post 动作的执行者。 4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词 不定式的逻辑宾语时， 这时常用不定式的主

28、动形式表达被动意义。 这些形容词有 nice， easy， fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting 等。 例 This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 for me）. 5在 too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 例:This book is too expensive (for me to buy. 6. 在 There be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定 语，重点在人，

29、用被动形式作定语，重点在物。 例:There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose 可看成 for us to lose；用 to be lost，谁 lost time 不明确。 ） 7. 在 be to do 结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语 的影响,下列动词 rent,blame,let 等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 例:Who is to blame for starting the fire? 十四、介词 in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义 表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词

30、合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的 被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。 1. “under +名词” 结构， “某事在进行中” 常见的有： 表示 。 under control （受控制） under , treatment（在治疗中）,under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中） 。 例 The building is under construction( is being constructed. 2 “beyond+名词”结构， “出乎胜过、范围、限度” 。 常见的有：beyond be

31、lief (令人难以置信，beyond ones reach（鞭长莫及） ，beyond ones control（无法控制） ，beyond our hope我们的成功始料不及。 例:The rumour is beyond belief（=cant be believed） 3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等 超过、高于” 。 例 His honest character is above all praise=His honest character cannot be praised enough 4 “for+名词”结构，表示“适于、为着” 。如：for sa

32、le(出售, for rent（出租） Do not, for one repulse, forgo the purpose that you resolved to effort. ( Shakespeare 不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。 （莎士比亚） 拼搏创造奇迹，激情成就梦想！ 等。 例:That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold. 5 “in+名词”结构，表示“在过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印 刷中） ，in sight(在视野范围内，等。 例:The book is not yet in

33、 print(=is not yet printed 6 “on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事 中” 。常见的有：on sale(出售，on show（展出）, on trial（受审） 。 例:Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed. 7 “out of+名词”结构；表示“超出 之外“， 常见的有：out of control (控制不了，out of sight （超出视线之外） ，out of ones reach(够不着, out of fashion(不流行等。 例:The plane was

34、 out of control (cant be controlled 。 8 “within+名词”结构， “在内、不超过” 。 例 He took two days off within the teachers permission 育才初中英语 8B 被动语态配套练习 一、单项选择。 ( 1. One or two man-made satellites _ in our country every year. A. have been sent up B. will be sent up C. is sent up D. are sent up ( 2. Our TV set _ y

35、esterday. A. is repaired B. was repaired C. had been repaired ( 3. A new building _ in our school next year. A. will be built B. is built C. is being built D. would be repaired D. has been built ( 4. Many books on science _ since I went to college. A. were bought B. have been bought C, will be bough

36、t ( 5. I promise that matter will _. A. be taken care B. be taken care of D. are bought C. take care D. take care of ( 6. How _ the Great Pyramid (金字塔_ many years ago without modern machines. A. isbuilt B. wouldbe built C. havebeen built D. wasbuilt ( 7.Food and clothes _ by women. A is often talk a

37、bout B. are often talked Do not, for one repulse, forgo the purpose that you resolved to effort. ( Shakespeare 不要只因一次挫败，就放弃你原来决心想达到的目的。 （莎士比亚） 拼搏创造奇迹，激情成就梦想！ C. are often talked about D. often talked about ( 8. _ the work _ yet ? A. isfinished B. Willbe finished C. Has been finished D. Wouldbe finis

38、hed ( 9.Such films _ by children like you. A. must be not seen B. must not be see C. must not seen D. must not be seen ( 10.Trees _ in winter but in spring. A. not can be planted B. can be not planted C. cant be planted D. can not be plant ( 11.This kind of cars _ in Japan ten years ago. A. can only

39、 be made B. could only made C. be could only made D. could only be made ( 12.Jack often does things foolishly, so he _ sometimes _ by others. A. islaughed B. is laughed at C. waslaughed D. hasbeen laughed at ( 13.The bear _ to the zoo tomorrow morning. A. may be send B. may is sent C. may be sent D.

40、 is may sent ( 14. In the past ten year, a lot of new buildings _ in our city. . A. are put up B. have put up C. have been put D. have been put up ( 15. Such films _ by children like you. A. must be not seen B. must not be see C. must not seen D. must not be seen 二、用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。 1. Some top students _(send to study in fore