外语教学法自考题-1

1、外语教学法自考题-1总分：85.00 ,做题时间：90分钟一、I .Multipe Choice 总题数：15,分数：15.001.In 1957, Noam Chomsky's book Syntactic Structures was published which started the.A. American structuralism B. transformational generative linguisticsC. functional linguistics D. cognitive psychology分数：1.00A.B. VC.D.解析：解析1957年乔姆斯基

2、出版了他的专著?句法结构?.这本书在语言学界掀起了一场革命,还产 生了一个新的学派一一转换生成语言学.2.Which one of the following activities is included in the acquisition activities in the Natural Approach?A. Affective-humanistic activities. B. Communicative activities.C. Skill-getting activities. D. Social activities.分数：1.00A. VB.C.D.解析：解析语言习得活动分

3、为四类：情感人文活动Affective-humanistic activities、解决问题活动Problem-solving activities 、游戏活动Games和内容活动Content activities .3.According to M.A.K. Halliday, which of the following should NOT be taken into considerationin terms of linguistic events?A. Form. B. Context.C. Substance. D. Culture.分数：1.00A.B.C.D. V解析：解析

4、韩礼德认为linguistic events应该从三个层面进行研究：substance, form and context ,因此排除D.4.According to the records available, human beings have been engaged in the study of languagefor centuries.A. 10 B. 15C. 20 D. 25分数：1.00 A.B.C.D. V解析：解析我们不知道人们从什么时候开始对他们正在使用的语言感兴趣,但根据现存的资料,我们确信人们开始研究语言至少2500多年了,即25个世纪.应选Do5.Krashen

5、 identifies three kinds of affective variables related to second language acquisition: .A. motivation, self-confidence and anxietyB. comprehension, acquisition and anxietyC. input, competence and self-confidenceD. situation, motivation and self-confidence分数：1.00A. VB.C.D.解析：解析克拉申在其提出的情感过滤器假设Affectiv

6、e filter hypothesis中确定了三种可变的情感因素与第二语言的习得有关,包括动机 motivation、自信self-confidence 、忧虑anxiety.这三 种情感因素影响了语言的学习速度.6.The Grammar-Translation Method was at one time called since it was first used in theteaching of the classical languages of Latin and Greek.A. aural-oral method B. minimum methodC. Audiolingua

7、l Method D. Classical Method分数：1.00A.B.C.D. V解析：解析语法译法是指以译和语法学习为主要教学活动的外语或第二语言教学法.由于这种教学 法首先被用来进行拉丁语和希腊语等古典语言的教学,它曾一度被称为古典法Classical Method.7.It became a key feature of the Oral Approach in the 1960s that.A. new language points are introduced and practised in situationsB. accuracy is maintainedC. re

8、ading and writing are introduced later D. translation should be avoided分数：1.00A. VB.C.D.解析：解析口语法指出应该在情境中介绍和练习新的语言点,即单词应放到句子中讲解,句子应放在有意义的上下文中去练习,而不是被当成孤立的、互不相关的成分来教.这条原那么在20世纪60年代成了口语法的最重要的特征.8.The discourse theory was established by in the late 1970s and developed from M. A. K.Halliday's theory

9、of first language acquisition.A. E. Hatch B. M.A.K. HallidayC. Stephen Krashen D. Joseph H. Greenberg(分数：1.00)A. VB.C.D.解析：解析话语交际说(Discourse theory)是由韩礼德的第一语言习得理论开展而来的,由哈奇(Hatch)于20世纪70年代后期提出.韩礼德认为,第一语言习得的过程实际上就是学会用语言进行交际的过程, 哈奇赞同他的母语习得观,认为第二语言习得的过程与第一语言的习得过程实际上没什么区别一一学生只有通过话语交际才能习得第二语言.选项B韩礼德是功能语言学

10、派代表,提出话语篇章分析 (DiscourseAnalysis),并创立系统功能语法(Systemic-functional grammar) .选项C克拉申是自然法的奠基人,提 出了自我监测模式(Monitor Model).选项D格林伯格通过比较分析不同语言以确认语言中的共性,属于语 言共性说中较有影响的一个.9.The generative-transformational school of linguistics emerged through the influence of.A. Noam Chomsky B. J . PiagetC. D . Ausubel D. J . B

11、. Bruner(分数：1.00)A. VB.C.D.解析：解析1957年乔姆斯基出版了?句法结构?一书,这本书在语言学界掀起了一场革命,还产生了个新的学派转换生成语言学(generative-transformational school of linguistics) . 因止匕说转换生成语言学的出现受到了乔姆斯基的影响.10.Which of the following do Krashen and Terrell NOT emphasize?A. Communication. B. Vocabulary.C. Meaning. D. Grammar.(分数：1.00)A.B.C.D.

12、V解析：解析克拉中和特雷尔在自然法中认为,交际是语言的首要功能；强调了意义的重要作用；强调词 汇的重要性,认为语言的根底是词汇；而语法仅具有次要的功能,它只是确定如何用词汇来表达意思.11 .The 1920s saw the emergence of a new psychological school called founded by a groupof psychologists.A. cognitive psychology B. behaviourist psychologyC. psychoanalysis D. Gestalt psychology分数：1.00A.B.C.D.

13、 V解析：解析格式塔心理学产生于20世纪20年代,由德国心理学家韦特墨、考夫卡和勒文等人所创立.1890年由弗洛伊德提出精神分析的心理学理论,1913年美国心理学家华生发表了题为?行为主义者眼中的心理学?被认为是将行为主义正式引入心理学领域,直到 20世纪60年代,行为主义开始从其支配地位走 下坡路,其地位逐渐被一种新的认知心理学所取代,代表人物皮亚杰和乔姆斯基.12 .Chomsky holds the position that linguists should study the of the native speaker.A. linguistic performance B. lin

14、guistic competenceC. communicative performance D. communicative competence分数：1.00A.B. VC.D.解析：13.According to the Audiolingual Method, is not a crucial element for learning to happen.A. a stimulus B. reinforcementC. a response D. a hypothesis分数：1.00A.B.C.D. V解析：解析听说法的学习理论是行为主义心理学.行为主义心理学认为行为的产生依赖学习中

15、的三个决 定性因素：用来引起行为的刺激物stimulus；由刺激引发的反响response和说明反响是否适当并在未来促使反响重复或抑制的强化reinforcement.学习是刺激、反响和强化的过程.14.Which of the following is forbidden in a Direct Method classroom?A. Using gestures. B. Sketch drawing.C. The first language. D. Writing.分数：1.00A.B.C. VD.解析：解析直接法课堂教学中只用外语来授课和进行交流,完全预防使用母语.15.of seco

16、nd language acquisition was developed from the Halliday's theory of first language acquisition.A. Habit formation theory B. Discourse theoryC. Monitor theory D. Cognitive theory(分数：1.00) A.B. V C.D.解析：解析话语交际说是由韩礼德的第一语言习得理论开展而来的,由哈奇于20世纪70年代后期提出.二、n .Filling Blanks (总题数：15,分数：15.00)16 .The Natura

17、l Approach considers 1 as the most important element of any language teaching program.(分数：1.00)填空项1: (正确答案：input )解析：解析自然法认为语言输入是任何一种语言教学程序中最重要的局部.17 .The 1 Approach emphasizes on dictation, imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks.(分数：1.00)填空项1: (正确答案：Oral)解析：解析口语法的教学技巧主要有：(1)用

18、情景介绍新句型(new sentence patterns presented in situations) ； (2)操作练习(Drill-based practice) ； (3)指导下的复述和替代练习 (Guided repetition and substitution activities)； (4)听说、模仿和教师规定的以口语为根底的朗读和写作(Dictation,imitation and controlled oral-based reading and writing tasks).18 .The 1Method aims to enable the learners to

19、read and translate its literature.分数：1.00填空项 1: 正确答案： Grammar-Translation 解析：解析语法译法课堂教学的最终目的是让学生能够阅读和译所学的文学作品.它总共有四个目的：1能够阅读和译所学的文学作品；2能够理解和掌握目标语；3能够帮助学生开展智力；4能够更好的理解第一语言.19 .Traditional linguistics was 1 in nature.分数：1.00填空项1: 正确答案：practical 解析：解析传统语言学派研究具有实用性,研究语言的目的是为了读懂古代的经典,因此对于他们来说 书面语优于口语,口语是

20、语言的滥用,并把单词作为研究的起点,研究语言规那么是采用规定式的方法 Prescriptive approach .20 .According to the 1 approach, language learning in real life differs from language learning in the classroom.分数：1.00填空项1: 正确答案：Oral解析：解析According to the Oral Approach, language learning in real life differs from language learning in the cl

21、assroom.口语法奠基人帕默尔区分了自然环境中的语言学习和在教室里进行的语言学习,认为学生在课堂学到的水平使他能组织自己的学习,并利用已有的知识去完成手中任务.21 .For Candlin, the meaning 1 involved in making choices and decisions lies at the heart of the language learning process.分数：1.00填空项 1: 正确答案：negotiation 解析：解析坎德林Candlin认为,交际语言学习是一种高度社会化的活动,在活动中学习者参与协商 过程之中,学习者运用自己已掌握的

22、知识,与其他人分享和优化知识,并学习课程所要求掌握的内容.这 样的意义协商必然涉及作出选择和决定,这个协商过程就是语言学习的核心.22 .The 1 Approach emphasizes on oral skills: use of only the target language in the classroom.分数：1.00填空项1: 正确答案：Oral解析：解析口语法强调口语优先于书面语,课堂教学用目标语.23.In the 1 Approach, class time is devoted primarily to providing input for acquisition;

23、theteacher speaks only the target language, students may use either L1, or L2; errors are corrected.分数：1.00填空项1: 正确答案：Natural 解析：解析自然法的课堂教学采取了一种独特的教学方法,有如下特征：1课堂时间应主要提供有助于习得的语言输入.2教师在课堂上只能讲目标语,学生那么可以使用母语或目标语.3家庭作业包括正式的语法练习,错误也要被纠正.4语言活动可以包括某些语法结构的运用,但目的是使学生发表意见、完成任务和解决问题.24.In the 1Approach, the tea

24、cher creates speeches which enable students to interact using the target language. Students are not forced to respond in the target language immediately.分数：1.00填空项1: 正确答案：Natural 解析：解析语言输入丰富的课堂教学是自然法的一大优势,教师的主要任务是创造出大量的语言材料让学生接触,使学生开始用目标语进行交流,并开始语言习得的进程.教师提供给学生大量的语言输入时, 并不迫使学生很快的用目标语做出反响.另一个优势是学生可以和

25、自己水平差不多的学生进行有意义的交 流.25.The Total Physical Response method sees successful adult second language learning as a process paralleled to children's first language 1.分数：1.00填空项 1: 正确答案： acquisition 解析：解析全身反响法Total Physical Response认为,成年人学习第二语言与小孩习得母语的过程是一样的.全身反响法的提倡者阿舍认为,在母语习得中成年人对小孩说的话主要是以命令的形式出现的,而小

26、孩在能说话之前主要是以身体动作来做出反响的,那么成年人在学第二语言时就应遵循小孩学母语的 途径.26.In practice the Cognitive Approach involves more active use of the students' mental power, which is especially suitable for 1language learners.分数：1.00填空项1: 正确答案：adult 解析：解析认知法在语言实践中强调外语学习要更积极地发挥学生的智力,这一点尤其符合成年人学习外语的情况.27 .The Cognitive Approach

27、lays emphasis on the 1 acquisition of language as a meaningful system.(分数：1.00)填空项 1: (正确答案：conscious )解析：解析认知法认为,语言是一个意义系统(meaningful system),强调在理解的根底上有意识的学习语言(conscious acquisition) ,其依据的理论根底是认知理论和转换生成语法理论.28 .The Grammar-Translation Method believes that grammar is the 1 of language, and language

28、materials are arranged according to the grammar system.分数：1.00填空项1: 正确答案：core 解析：解析语法译法强调讲授第二语言语法,语法被看作语言的核心,因此,是外语课堂教学的主要 内容,学习语法的过程是练习智能的重要手段,教材内容是根据语法体系来安排的.29 .The 1 Method at one time was called Classical Method since it was first used in the teachingof the classical language of Latin and Greek

29、.分数：1.00填空项 1: 正确答案： Grammar-Translation 解析：解析语法译法是指以译和语法translation and grammar学习为主要教学活动的外语或第二语言教学法,由于这种教学法首先被用来进行拉丁语和希腊语等古典语言的教学,它曾一度被称为古典 法Classical Method.30 .Palmer insisted there was a basic difference between the capacities of human beingsand the trained or " studial" capacities of

30、the classroom learner.分数：1.00填空项 1: 正确答案： spontaneous 解析：解析Palmer insisted there Was a basic difference between the spontaneous capacities of human beings and the trained or "studial" capacities of the classroom learner.帕尔默是口语法的奠基人,他坚持认为,人们自然的、无意识的习得语言acquired language的自发水平spontaneous capa

31、cities与学生通过练习或 "学习彳导至U的水平trained or "studial" capacities之间有着根本的不同,他认为：自发水平在习得口语的过程中被得到充分发挥,而学得的水平那么是培养读 写水平所需要的.三、m.Matching 总题数：1,分数：5.00language acquisition device LAD2stimulus and response3the discourse theory4acquisition and learning5the input hypothesisa） The former refers to the

32、 subconscious process leading to the development of "competence" the latter refers to conscious study and knowledge of grammatical rules.b） A sort of mechanism or device which contains the capacity to acquire one' s first language.c） It assumes that humans acquire language in only one

33、way-by understanding messages, or by receiving "comprehensible input".d） It believes there is little difference between the first language acquisition process and the process of second language acquisition-only through communication discourses.e） The former serves to elicit behaviour; the

34、latter is triggered by the former.分数：5.00填空项1: 正确答案：b解析：乔姆斯基认为每一个儿童生来就具有语言习得机制LAD： Language Acquisition Device ,不需要教他们语言,也不需要纠正其语言错误,只要让他们生活在语言环境之中,就能学会语言,并且在不知不 觉中掌握其本族语的语言规那么.填空项1: 正确答案：e解析：行为主义心理学试图解释外部事物刺激物是如何引起个体行为的变化反响.填空项1: 正确答案：d解析：话语交际说Discourse theory是由韩礼德的第一语言习得理论开展而来的,由哈奇 Hatch于20世纪70年代后

35、期提出.韩礼德认为,第一语言习得的过程实际上就是学会用语言进行交际的过程,哈奇赞同他的母语习得观,认为第二语言习得的过程与第一语言的习得过程实际上没什么区别一一学生只有通过话语交际才能习得第二语言.填空项1: 正确答案：a解析：自然法的提倡者克拉申的第二语言习得中自我监测模式Monitor Model区分了获得和使用第二语言和外语中的两个性质截然不同的过程,一个是"习得"Acquisition,另一个是"学习"Learning,习得是潜意识过程导致“语言水平的开展和提升,而学习是有意识的学习语法规那么.填空项1: 正确答案：c解析：自然法奠基人克拉申提出

36、语言输入假设认为人们习得语言的唯一途径一一理解信息,即接受“可理 解的输入,它指的是习得者能够根据语言使用的环境和语言的形式理解所表达的话语.四、IV .Questions for Brief Answers总题数：6,分数：30.0031 .What is the attitude of the Cognitive Approach towards mistakes in the language learning process?分数：5.00 正确答案：(The Cognitive Approach holds that mistakes are unavoidable in the c

37、reative use of language.Students should be led to learn and use the language by making hypothesis,testing the hypothesis and then making corrections.The teacher should analyze the mistakes to find the cause and do some remedial work accordingly.)解析：32 .What are the principles and consequences of the

38、 Reform Movement?分数：5.00 正确答案：(The principles of the Reform Movement were the primacy of speech, the centrality of the connected text as the kernel of the teaching-learning process, and the absolute priority of an oral methodology in the classroom. The consequences were great. Many people took part

39、in the Reform Movement. A lot of books were published. An applied linguistic approach to language teaching began to shape.) 解析：33 .How does the cognitive psychology explain the acquisition of knowledge?(分数：5.00) 正确答案：(The term cognitive means knowledge and "cognitive" psychology can be def

40、ined as the study of people's ability to acquire, organize, remember and use knowledge to guide their behaviour.As for the acquisition of knowledge,cognitive psychology believes that there are two principal types of cognitive structures which are called schemas and concepts. Theschemas refer to

41、sets of rules that define categories of behaviour and concepts are rules that describeproperties of events and their relations with one another. Children acquire schemas and concepts by interacting with their environment with the help of two processes-assimilation and accommodation.)解析：34 .What are

42、the main disadvantages of the Cognitive Approach?(分数：5.00) 正确答案：(1) Teachers find it difficult to select and prepare meaningful presentations. And students who are slow to comprehend do not work successfully with the method because learning depends a lot on analysis and understanding.(2) There are n

43、ot yet complete and systematic practical activities and procedures for classroom use.) 解析：(35) hat is Chomsky's explanation of the first language process?(分数：5.00) 正确答案：(Chomsky assumes that children are born with a language acquisition device (LAD). This LAD is made up of a set of general princ

44、iples called universal grammar. Once the child is born,the particular language environment will trigger the LAD. Children's language acquisition process completes when the universal grammar is successfully transformed into the grammar of a particular language.)解析：(36) hat are the principles and

45、consequences of the Reform Movement?(分数：5.00)正确答案：(The principles of the Reform Movement were the primacy of speech, the centrality of the connected text as the kernel of the teaching-learning process, and the absolute priority of an oral methodology in the classroom. The consequences were great. Ma

46、ny people took part in the Reform Movement. A lot of books were published. An applied linguistic approach to language teaching began to take shape.)解析：五、V .Questions for Long Answers (总题数：2,分数：20.00)(37) re there any similarities and differences between the Oral Approach and the Audiolingual Method

47、in terms of language theories and learning theories?(分数：10.00 )正确答案：(In terms of language theories, there exist little differences between the Oral Approach and the Audiolingual Method. The two approaches have the following similarities: both hold a structural view of language. Structural linguistic

48、s views language as a system of structurally related elements for the expression of meaning. Both identify language with speech, and speech ability is approached through oral practice of structure. However, the Oral Approach was developed by the British applied linguists, while the Audio lingual Met

49、hod was developed by the American structuralists. In terms of learning theories, the two methods also have something in common: both believe in a theory of learning that is based on a type of behaviorist habit-formation theory. Foreign language learning is considered basically a process of habit formation. However, there are also differences between them: while