2020-2021学年交大附中高三上英语1月测试卷.docx

1、II. Grammar and VocabularyAmerican researchers say they have invented a method that could use salty water on Mars to produce oxygen and fuel,21would both be important elements to support future humanexploration activities on the Red Planet.Engineers at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, d

2、eveloped the new method. They created a machinecalled an electrolyzer. It can separate salty water into oxygen and hydrogen gases.The team described the process in a study recently published in The Proceedings of the National Academy ofSciences (PNAS) . Scientists have already collected solid eviden

3、ce suggesting Mars once had huge amounts ofwater and22the planet likely holds a large supply today. But Mars is extremely cold. So, most ofthe water is thought to exist in the form of ice.The research team notes that any water that is not frozen is almost surely full of salt, from the Martian soil.

4、Theusual methods for breaking water down into oxygen require the salt23 (remove) first. Thisprocess can becomplex, costly and harmful to the environment. The new method they invented24take saltywater directly and convert it into oxygen and hydrogen.The team carried out experiments with high levels o

5、f magnesium salts, which scientists believe likely 25(exist) on Mars. The researchers also carried out the tests at temperatures similar to the Red Planets atmosphere.The U.S. space agency NASA has also experimented with technologies to produce oxygen on Mars.concentration and increase learning effi

6、ciency (59 words)72. What matters most to parents is that their child/children returns/return home safe and sound every day73. The trip offered us a good opportunity to expand / broaden our horizons, which was far beyond our expectations74. Traditional Chinese medicine, safe andreliable, dating back

7、/ which dates back to as early as more than threethousand years ago, represents the wisdom of ancient Chinese people75. with the pandemic brought under control and the economy gradually returning to normal,there is much to look forward to in 2021.One device26 (design) to do this will be tested as pa

8、rt of NASA's Perseverance mission. Perseverance is a new explorer vehicle, or rover, that is currently on its way to Mars.The engineering team said its method could even find valuable uses on Earth.u27(demonstrate) theseelectrolyzers under demanding Martian conditions, we intend to also use them

9、 under28 (mild)conditionson Earth.nsaid Pralay Gayen, who is a postdoctoral researcher at Washington University and a lead writer of thestudy：29such use could be in defense industries,nhe added,uthe method could create oxygenon demandfor submarines. It may also be able to provide oxygen for research

10、ers30 (explore) newenvironments in the deep sea.”Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. normalB. continuedC. trappedD. removeE. short F. urgedG. freeH. anniversaryI. endJ. i

11、ncreasesK. record2020 has been an extreme year for hurricanes, wildfires and heat waves around the world. New reports from United Nations agencies list this year's record=breaking weather and the burning of fossil fuels as causes of 31global warming.U.N. Secretary-General Antonio Guterres recent

12、ly 32 world leaders to make 2021 the year whenhumanity ends what he calls itswar on nature."He asked them to commit to a future33of planet-warmingcarbon pollution.The secretary-general9s comments come as the U.N. prepares for a Dec. 12 online climate meeting in France on the 5th34of the 2015 Pa

13、ris climate agreement. A main goal of that agreement is to keep35in theEarth's temperature during this century to between 1.5 and 2 degrees Celsius.In a speech given at New York's Columbia University, Guterres said/The state of the planet is broken. Humanity is waging war on nature. This is

14、suicidal. Destructive fires and floods, cyclones and hurricanes are increasingly thenew36In a report, the World Meteorological Organization （WMO） said this year is set to37about 1.2 degreesCelsius warmer than the last half of the 1800s. Scientists use that time period as a starting point for warming

15、 caused by heat-trapping gases from the burning of coal, oil and natural gas. Most38heat goes into the world's seas.Ocean temperatures are now at39levels. It also means 2020 will be one of the three hottest years on record.Guterres saw saw hope that more than 100 countries have promised that by

16、2050 they will not be adding more heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere than trees and technology can40. China and the U.S. have promisednet zero carbon emissions.HI. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, an

17、d D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.There are many differences between American homes and traditional Chinese homes. Lefs begin with the houses themselves. An American house usually has a yard, large or small. It may have a hedge （树篱）, 41rarelyis there a wall s

18、o high that a passer-by cannot see the windows. Usually the interior is shielded from exterior view only by window curtains or blinds.However, the image of a traditional Chinese house is one within four high walls. This is still42in manyplaces in the north of China today. The walls are often so high

19、 that only the roofs are43from the outside.Solid gates separate the interior grounds from the outside world. In addition, there is usually a wall placed directly in front of the gates. It is believed that this shadow wall keeps the home from direct exposure to the unseen spirits when the gates are o

20、pen.Inside the home, the contrast between China and America is44. The emphasis within an American homeis on45. There are not only doors to the bathrooms but also to the bedrooms, and often to the living roomand even the kitchen. Space and possessions are46. Parents have little liberty in the rooms o

21、f the children,and children cannot do what they want in those parts of the house regarded as pre-eminently their parents' domain. In some American families, this rule of privacy47even to the husband and wife, so that each has a separatebedroom.Within the Chinese home,48, privacy hardly exists at

22、 all, except between members of opposite sexes whoare not husband and wife. Chinese children, even in homes that have enough room, often share the same rooms with their parents until they reach adolescence. Not only do parents have freedom of action with the children's 49 , but the youngsters ca

23、n also use the possessions of the parents if they can get their hands on them. If children damage their parents, possessions they are scolded, not because they touched things that were not theirs but because they are too young to handle them with proper care.The50of privacy within the Chinese home f

24、inds its extreme expression in many well-to-do families ofNorth China. Here the rooms are arranged in rows like the cars of a train. But instead of each room having a separate entrance, all the rooms are arranged in sequence, one leading into another. Thus, if there are five rooms, the front door of

25、 the house opens into the center room, which serves as the kitchen and dining room. There are two doors on opposite walls of the kitchen, each leading into a room which has51another door opening into the endrooms. Actual arrangements vary somewhat from family to family, but this simplified picture i

26、s52true.Such an arrangement in living quarters would be very53to Americans. But many Chinese adhere to （坚守）a variation of the common linear arrangement even when they have more rooms and space in which to spread out. For in traditional Chinese culture the space within the four walls was considered a

27、s being one body. The American child's54environment establishes strong lines of individual distinction within the home, but thereis very little stress on separation of the home from the external world. The Chinese child's environment is exactly the opposite. He finds a home with55cutting lin

28、es within it but separated by high walls and the strong gates from the outside world.41. A. orB. forC. butD. so42. A. possibleB. rareC. uniqueD. true43. A. visibleB. differentC. distantD. accessible44. A. revealedB. highlightedC. reversedD. reflected45. A. propertyB. respectC. freedomD. privacy46. A

29、. specializedB. individualizedC. categorizedD. modernized47. A. extendsB. contributesC. refersD. responds48. A. as a matter of factB. in the samemannerC. on the other handD. to put it another way49. A. surroundingsB. belongingsC. findingsD. characters50. A. senseB. needC. importanceD. lack51. A. in

30、particularB. above allC. in turnD. at large52. A. barelyB. occasionallyC. currentlyD. generally53. A. predictableB. uncommonC. familiarD. impractical54. A. mentalB. physicalC. potentialD. social55. A. otherB. someC. fewD. manySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is fo

31、llowed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)China recently landed its third spacecraft on the moon and says the explorer vehi

32、cle successfully collected material from the lunar surface. The effort marks the first time in more than 40 years that any nation has collected samples from the moon for return to Earth.China is behind the United States and Russia in its space exploration efforts. But its space program is quickly de

33、veloping. Among its space projects are a robot explorer on the way to Mars, development of a reusable space plane and a planned human mission to the moon.In 2003, China became the third nation to launch an astronaut into orbit on its own. It took place more than 40 years after the former Soviet Unio

34、n and the United States launched astronauts into orbit. China's first orbiting laboratory was launched in 2011. A second was launched in 2016. Plans call for a permanent space station to be established after 2022.The latest moon landing represented6ta historic step in China's cooperation wit

35、h the international community in the peaceful use of outer space,"a foreign ministry spokeswoman said."China will continue to support international cooperation and the exploration and use of outer space in the spirit of working for the benefit of all mankind.”After astronaut Yang Liwei'

36、;s 2003 flight, Chinese space officials expressed hope fbr a crewed mission to the moon as early as 2020. They later pushed back that target to at least 2024.China's space plane would be its version of the American Space Shuttle and the former Soviet Union's shortlived Buran space plane. Chi

37、na also has launched its own network of positioning satellites so its military does not need to depend on systems operated by the U.S. (GPS) or Russia (GLONASS).Last year, China became the first nation to land a spacecraft on the moon's little-explored far side. The Chang'e- 4 and its robot

38、explorer are still operating. The spacecraft sends signals to Earth through an orbiter that passes over the moon's far side. China's first moon lander, the Chang'e-3, is still operating.China has also joined the race to explore Mars, with its Tian wen-1 spacecraft launched in July on a m

39、ission to search the Red Planet for signs of water. It is set to complete its 470-million-kilometer trip in February.56. Which of the following is NOT among China's current space projects?A. A reusable space planeB. A manned mission to the moonC. An unmanned exploration of MarsD. An orbiting lab

40、oratory57. Which of the following has China already achieved?A crewed mission to the moonA permanent space stationA positioning satellite network of its ownA landing on the moon's far sideA. B.C.D.58. Which of following statements is NOT true?A. It will take the Tian wen-1 spacecraft about eight

41、 months to complete its mission to Mars.B. The former Soviet Union and the United States successfully launched astronauts into orbit more than 40 years ago.C. China is the first nation to land a spacecraft on the moon's far side as well as the first to bring moon samples back to Earth.D. China&#

42、39;s latest moon landing is a huge advance in its cooperation with the international community in the peaceful use of outer space.59. Where can you most probably read this passage?A. In a text bookB. On a news websiteC. In a travel brochureD. In a government report(B)The BridgeClimbThe iconic Sydney

43、 Harbour Bridge is one of the world's longest steel-arch bridges, spanning an impressive 500 metres and standing proud above the sparkling Sydney Harbour. We have many different types of Climbs available. Below are our most popular. Every ticket to the top includes a group photograph, a certific

44、ate of achievement, anda BridgeClimb cap.BridgeClimb Ultimate 3.5 hours, 1,621 steps Day: $348 Adult/$149 ChildIt's the most adventurous Climb experience in BridgeClimb's history and the first of its kind, allowing climbers to conquer the entire breadth of the legendary “Coathanger" fro

45、mSouth to North, and back again.:.'、Ultimate tip: This is the most adventurous Climb experience yet so we recommend being of full fitness to complete this journey. QSummit 3 hours, 1,332 steps Dawn: $388 Adult/ $278 Child Day: $308 Adult/ $208 Child Twilight: $374 Adult/$264 Child Night: $268 Af

46、ult/ $ 188 ChildUnmissable views of Sydney as you ascend the upper arch of the Bridge on our original Climb experiences. Your journey will take you along the very top of the iconic landmark, 134 metres above the harbor. This Climb suits everyone including families with kids who are confident scaling

47、 ladders along the route to reach the top.Summit Ecxpress 2.5 hours, 1,002 steps Day: $308 Adult/ $208 Child Night: $268 Adult/ $188 ChildYou will feel like you are inside the iconic Harbour Bridge, as you climb the stairs of the lower arch surrounded by beams of steel and the hustle and bustle of t

48、he traffic below. With fewer stops along the Summit Express route and no ladders, you will reach the top in no time for a Summit celebration and a moment to take in the 360° panorama of Sydney.Please note:a. Rates are per person and in Australian Dollars, including Goods & Service Tax (GST)

49、.b. Climb rates and periods are subject to change at the discretion of BridgeClimb.c. The group photograph is taken at the summit of your whole climb group. Additional individual or group photos are available for purchase.d. Child rates are for age 10 to 15 inclusive and there must be one adult clim

50、ber per three child climbers.60. Which of the following souvenirs is NOT available to the bridge climbers free of charge?A. An individual photograph at the summit.B. A group photograph at the summit.C. A certificate of achievement.D. A BridgeClimb cap.61. Which of the following statements is true?A.

51、 Tourists have to pay Goods & Services Tax in addition to the rates listed.B. Three children under 15 must be accompanied by only one adult climber.C. The climb rates and periods listed above may change under certain circumstance.D. Tourist choosing Ultimate have to prove their full fitness to c

52、omplete this journey.62. If a couple with their two children aged 12 and 16 respectively want to enjoy the sunset at the top of the bridge, how much should they pay altogether?A. $1,276B. $1,386C. $1,442D. $1,332(C)After World War II the glorification of an ever-1 arger GNP formed the basis of a new

53、 materialism, which became a holy obligation for all Japanese governments, businesses and trade unions. Anyone who mentioned the undesirable by-products of rapid economic growth was treated as a heretic (异教徒).Consequently, everything possible was done to make conditions easy for the manufacturers. F

54、ew dared to question the wisdom of discharging untreated waste into the nearest water body or untreated smoke into the atmosphere. This silence was maintained by union leaders as well as by most of the country's radicals (激进分子);except for a few isolated voices, no one protested. An insistence on

55、 treatment of the various effluents would have given rise to higher operating costs. Obviously, this would have meant higher prices for Japanese goods, and ultimately fewer sales and lower industrial growth and GNP.The pursuit of nothing but economic growth is illustrated by the response of the Japa

56、nese government to the American educational mission that visited Japan in 1947. After surveying Japan's educational program, the Americans suggested that the Japanese fill in their curriculum gap by creating departments in chemical and sanitary engineering. Immediately, chemical engineering depa

57、rtments were established in all the country9s universities and technical institutions. In contrast, the recommendation to form sanitary engineering departments was more or less ignored, because they could bring no profit. By 1960, only two second-rate universities, Kyoto and Hokkaido, were intereste

58、d enough to open such departments.The reluctance to switch funds from production to conservation is explanation enough for a certain degree of pollution, but the situation was made worse by the type of technology the Japanese chose to adopt for their industrial expansion. For the most part, they simply copied American industrial methods. This meant that methods originally designed for use in a country that stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific with lots of air and water to use as sewage receptacles (下水道