新课标人教版选修八Book8 Unit5 Language points

1、Unit 5 Meeting your ancestorsLanguage points1 领某人参观领某人参观 2 一个敏锐的观察者一个敏锐的观察者 3 把把和和相比相比 4 遭受遭受 5 不顾不顾 6 吓跑野兽吓跑野兽 7 火团燃烧一整个冬天火团燃烧一整个冬天 8 在洞口悬挂兽皮在洞口悬挂兽皮 9 使在外使在外 10 在寒冷的冬天在寒冷的冬天 11 至多，最多至多，最多 12 锋利的石器工具锋利的石器工具 13 穿兽皮制成的衣服穿兽皮制成的衣服 14 切割野兽并剥皮切割野兽并剥皮 15 在兽皮上擦上大量的盐 16 原始项链原始项链 17 讲究他们的外貌讲究他们的外貌 18 跟随动物群跟随动

2、物群 19 种植他们自己的庄稼种植他们自己的庄稼 show sb. aroundan acute observercomparewithsuffer fromregardless ofscare wild beasts awaykeep the fire burning all winterhung animal skins at the cave mouthkeep outduring the freezing winterat mostthe sharpened stone toolswear clothes made from animal skinscut up animals and

3、 remove their skinrub an ample amount of salt onto the skinprimitive necklacefollow the herds of animalsgrow their own cropscare about their appearance Explanation1.想必你们知道想必你们知道, 正是在这儿我们找到居住在正是在这儿我们找到居住在世界这个部分最早人类的证据。世界这个部分最早人类的证据。 You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of th

4、e earliest people who lived in this part of the world. a. You must be aware that主句后接主句后接由强调由强调句和定语从句组成的句和定语从句组成的宾语从句。宾语从句。 must是作为情态动词表示肯定推测, 译作“一 定, 肯定”。只用于肯定推测。 对现在或将来事实推测，用 “must do”。走了很长的路走了很长的路, 你一定很饿。你一定很饿。You must be hungry after a long walk 对正发生或进行的事进行推测对正发生或进行的事进行推测, 用用“must be doing”。灯亮着灯亮

5、着, 他一定正在做作业。他一定正在做作业。 The light is on. He must be doing his homework now 对过去的事进行推测对过去的事进行推测, 用用“must have done”。 地是湿的地是湿的, 昨晚一定下雨了。昨晚一定下雨了。The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. b. aware adj意识到的意识到的, 知道的。通常用作知道的。通常用作表语表语。 我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临灭绝的我们必须清楚地认识到许多动物正濒临灭绝的危险。危险。We should be aware t

6、hat a lot of animals are becoming endangered be aware of sth. 知道；意识到知道；意识到虽然很多烟民知道吸烟的危害，但还是不戒烟。虽然很多烟民知道吸烟的危害，但还是不戒烟。 Though most smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking, they wont give up. c. its here that we 是强调句是强调句,其基本句式是其基本句式是It is (was)+被强调部分被强调部分+that (who)+句子其他部分句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语此结构强调的

7、成分仅限于主语,宾语和状语。宾语和状语。 d. “Who lived in this part of the world”是是定语从句定语从句修饰先行词修饰先行词 people。people在定语从句作主语在定语从句作主语, 故用关系代词故用关系代词who来来引导定语从句。引导定语从句。2.很抱歉打扰你很抱歉打扰你, 我想问问他们是怎么我想问问他们是怎么在这里生活的？在这里生活的？ Im sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 句型句型“Im sorry.but.”是口语中委婉的是口语中委婉的表达表达, “but”表示语义上的转

8、折。表示语义上的转折。 - 周末有空吗周末有空吗? - 对不起对不起, 我有大量的事要做我有大量的事要做 Are you free this weekend? Im sorry, but l have lots of work to do His research was interrupted by war.3. 我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动我们在山的比较高的洞穴里发现了动物和人类的骨头以及工具和其他物品。物和人类的骨头以及工具和其他物品。We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as w

9、ell as tools and other objects.as well as 1) conj. as well as 可以用来连接两个相可以用来连接两个相同的成分同的成分, 如名词如名词, 形容词形容词, 动词动词, 介词介词, 通通常不位于句首。意为常不位于句首。意为“不但不但.而且而且”。2) prep. 相当于相当于besides, in addition to，意为意为“除除.之外之外”, 后面通常接名词或后面通常接名词或动词。动词。As well as eating five course meals, they drank two bottles of wine.She si

10、ngs as well as plays the piano. Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance. 4. 因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在因此我们有理由认为他们不顾寒冷住在这些洞穴里。这些洞穴里。So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves, regardless of the cold assume vt. 1) to think that something is true although you have no proof of it

11、 假定：假定： 设想设想 we assume that everyone invited will turn up 2) to pretend 装作装作 She assumed a look of surprise 她装出一副吃惊的样子。她装出一副吃惊的样子。 regardless of prep. 1) without being affected by different situations, problems, etc. 不管不管; 不顾不顾He went ahead and did it, regardless of the consequence. 8. 他们用这火取暖、做饭他们用

12、这火取暖、做饭, 还能用火吓还能用火吓跑野兽。跑野兽。That would have kept them warm, cooked the food and scared wild beasts away as well.1) would 表示猜测表示猜测, 译为译为 “想必想必”、“肯定会肯定会”。2) keep them warm为为keep+宾语宾语+宾语宾语补足语的结构意为补足语的结构意为 “使使.处于某种状处于某种状态（情况）态（情况）”。用作宾语补足语常见的。用作宾语补足语常见的词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词有现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。词以及介词短语。 他

13、使我等了半个小时。他使我等了半个小时。 He kept me waiting for half an hour. 6. We have been excavating layers of ash almost six metres thick, which suggests that they might have kept the fire burning all winter. 我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰, 几乎有六几乎有六米厚米厚, 这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。这说明他们可能整个冬季都在烧火。 a. “have been excavating”是现在完成进是

14、现在完成进行时行时, 表示从过去开始一直延续到现在表示从过去开始一直延续到现在, 强调强调动作的继续。动作的继续。我已经找了三天我丢的书我已经找了三天我丢的书, 但仍没找到。但仍没找到。 I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it. b. 句中句中 “ which” 用来引导用来引导非限制性定语非限制性定语从句从句, 先行词为其前的句子。先行词为其前的句子。 c. suggest vt. to make evident indirectly; imply 意为意为“暗示暗示,

15、意味意味, 表明表明”她苍白的脸色表明她病了。她苍白的脸色表明她病了。 Her pale face suggests that she was ill.他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。他的无礼反映了他缺乏家教。His bad manners suggest a lack of family education 我建议她马上回家。我建议她马上回家。I suggest her going home at onceI suggested (that) she (should) go home at once7. 还保存得如此完好。还保存得如此完好。Yes and so well preserved这是省略

16、的句子这是省略的句子, 完整句应是完整句应是: and it is so well preserved (it指指necklace)你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。你可以用盐保存肉或鱼。You can preserve meat or fish in salt. 警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。警察的职责之一是维持公共秩序。It is one of the duties of the police to preserve public order. 11. 确实确实, 正如植物学分析具体显示给我正如植物学分析具体显示给我们的那样们的那样, 附近所有的土地都曾是大型附近所有的土地都曾是大型浅湖的一部分。浅湖

17、的一部分。Yes, indeed, as the botanical analyses have shown us, all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake a. as引导的非限制性定语从句常译作引导的非限制性定语从句常译作“正如正如 那样那样”。 正如谚语所说的那样正如谚语所说的那样, 伪装的敌人就像是披着伪装的敌人就像是披着羊皮的狼。羊皮的狼。As the proverb goes, “The enemy in disguise is just like the wolf in sheeps cl

18、othing.” Do you think it is important for us to know about them? Why? Zhoukoudian Caves were formally inscribed (记入记入) on the “World Heritage List” in December 1987 at the eleventh session of UNESCO World Heritage Committee. The inscriptionSummary of the Peking Man Site on the World Heritage List co

19、nfirms the exceptional and universal value of the cultural site, which requires protection for the benefit of all humanity. The site is therefore not only of China, but also of the world as a whole.1我们有足够的钱去旅游。我们有足够的钱去旅游。We have ample money for the journey. 2. 直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著名的影星。直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是一位著

20、名的影星。 Not until she took off her dark glasses did I recognize she was a famous film star. 强调句型强调句型 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognized she was a famous film star. 3. 我们在聚会上玩得很高兴。我们在聚会上玩得很高兴。We had a wonderful time at the party. 我们在聚会上玩得多高兴呀！我们在聚会上玩得多高兴呀！ 感叹句感叹句 What a wo

21、nderful time it was that we had at the party! 4. 人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。（人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。（be fed up with）People get fed up with all these traffic jams. 1 It is what you do rather than what you say _ matters. (2005天津高考天津高考) A. that B. what C. which D. this 本题强调主语本题强调主语, 此时应用此时应用that来引导。来引导。2 Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine school, where she _ English for a year.(湖南湖南2007)A. studies B. studiedC. is studying D. has been studying 点拨点拨 根据句子提供的时态和时间状语根据句子提供的时态和时间状语for a year选选D。此处用