地质工程专业常用英文词汇

1、阐述expound(explain),state引入introduceinto相应的corresponding概念conception概论overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏观的macroscopic补充complement规划plan证明demonstrate,certify,attest证实confirmation补偿compensate,makeup,imburse算法algorithm判别式discriminant后限兀方法finiteelementmethod(FEM)样本单元法sampleelementmethod(SEM)赤平投影法ster

2、eographicprojectionmethod(SPM)赤平投影stereographicprojection干扰位移法interferencedisplacementmethod(IDM)干扰能量法interferenceenergymethod(IEM)条分法methodofslices极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod界囿兀法boundaryelementmethod模拟simulate计算程序computerprogram数值分析numericalanalysis计算工作量calculationload解的唯一性uniquenessofsolution多层结构模

3、型laminatedmodel非线性nonlinear横观各向同性lateralisotropy各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy非均质性heterogeneity边界条件boundarycondition本构方程constitutiveequation初始条件initialcondition初始状态restcondition岩土工程geotechnicalengineering,土木工程civilengineering基础工程foundationengineering最不利滑面themostdangerousslipsurface交替alternate控制论cybernet

4、ics大量现场调查massfieldsurveys组合式combinedtype相互作用interaction稳定性评价stabilityevaluation均质性homogeneity介质medium层layer,stratum组构fabric1地形地貌geographicandgeomorphic工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalconditions地形地貌条件geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形landform地貌geomorphology,relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landformunit,geomorphic

5、unit坡度grade地形图reliefmap河谷rivervalley原貌滩平洲道扇扇裙岭地洞道床沟漫地积角河积积积水地溶洞水洞河河冲河阶冲三古冲洪坡分盆岩溶落土2地层岩性地层岩性岩体x-JUt=j石层x-JUt=j石层母岩相变硬质岩软质岩硬质的软质的叁石岩组交错层理层面片理层理板理（叶理）波痕泥痕雨痕造岩矿物粘土矿物成土石石母母石石石石组质质岩岭脱利母云云英石长长石闪解造构构物晶晶状成高蒙伊云白黑石长正斜辉角方构结组矿结非产火rivercourseriverbed(channel)gully,gulley,erosiongully,stream(brook)floodplain(valle

6、yflat)terracealluvialplaindeltafossilrivercourse,fossilstreamchannelalluvialfandiluvialfantalusaprondividebasinkarstlandfeature,karstlandformsolutioncave,karstcavesinkholeKarsticearthcavegeostrome(stratum,strata)lithologiccharacter,rockpropertyrockmassbedstratumlayer,rockstratummatrix,parentrockfaci

7、eschangestrongrock,filmweakrockcompetentincompetentbedrockpetrofabricoverburdencrossbeddingbeddingplaneschistositybeddingfoliationripple-markmudcrackraindropimprintsrock-formingmineralsclaymineralkaolinitemontmorilloniteillitemicamuscovitebiotitequartzfeldsparorthoclaseplagioclasepyroxene,picritehor

8、nblendecalcitestructuretexturefabric(tissue)mineralcompositioncrystallineamorphousattitudeigneous岩火火侵喷深浅酸中基超岩岩岩岩岩岩岩岩岩花斑粉流正粗闪安辉玄细伟煌辉橄黑浮火火凝沉碎粘粉化生砾角砂石粉钙泥页盐石白泥泥泥砂泥硅有浆山山入出成成性性性基基脉株流盖盆墙床脉岗岩岩纹长面长山长武晶晶斑绿榄曜岩山山灰积屑土砾块角集岩岩岩岩岩岩砂学物岩砾岩英砂质岩岩岩灰云灰钙砂质质质机质岩岩岩砂岩粉岩JL粘的质magmaticrocklavavolcanointrusive(invade)rockeffusive

9、rockplutonicrockpypabysalrockacidrockinter-mediaterockbasicrockultrabasicrockrockbase(batholith)dikerockstockrockflowrocklaccolith(laccolite)rocklopolithrockdikerocksillveindykegraniteporphyryporphyriterhyolitesyenitetrachytedioriteandesitegabbrobasaltaplitepegmatitelamprophyrediabaseduniteobsidianp

10、umicevulcanicbrecciavolcanicagglomeratetuffsedimentaryrockclasticrockclayrocksiltyclaystonechemicalrockbiolithconglomeratebrecciasandstonequartzsandstonesiltstonecalcareoussiltstonemudstoneshalesalinelimestonedolomitemarlargillo-calcareousargillo-arenaceousarenaceousargillaceoussiliceousorganicmatte

11、r粗粒coarsegrain中粒medium-grained沉积物sediment(deposit)漂七1、顽七1boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒claygrain砂质粘土sandyclay粘质砂土clayeysand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandyloam浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰peat软泥ooze淤泥mire,oozedmud,sludge,warpclay冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium,diluvium,dil

12、uvion洪积的diluvial坡积物（层）deluvium残积物（层）eluvium残积的eluvial风积物（层）eoliandeposits湖积物（层）lakedeposits海积物（层）marinedeposits冰川沉积物(层)glacier(drift)deposits朋积物（层）colluvialdeposits,colluvium残积粘土residualclay变质岩metamorphicrock板岩slate千枚岩phylliteschistrjk4.gneiss片腓石石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩catacla

13、site3地质构造地质构造结构构造大地构造构造运动造山运动升降运动水平运动完整性起伏度尺、效应围压效应rH-tgeologicstructurestructuraltexturegeotectonictectogenesisorogenyverticalmovementhorizontalmovementperfection(integrity)wavinesssizeeffectconfiningpressureeffectelementsofattitude）认要系产状attitude,orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dipangle,angleofdip褶皱fold褶

14、曲fold单斜monocline向斜背斜穹隆挤压上盘平移断层层理微层理地堑地垒断层泥擦痕断裂破碎带节理节理组裂隙微裂隙劈理原生裂隙次生裂隙张裂隙剪裂隙卸荷裂隙裂隙率结构类型岩体结构岩块结构体块度结构面软弱结构面临空面碎裂结构板状结构薄层状的软弱夹层夹层夹泥层clayeyintercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影口帏affectingzone完整性integrityn.Integratev.&a.degreeofintegrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastr

15、ophism错动层向faultedbeddingplane断续的intermittentintercalatedbed,interlayer,intermediatelayer共透石高缓物镜节状理的片后屑膜理角倾倾层伸度角起波伏犬造的起伏的构匕男层切的错动面切断方7E构残的层解曲造余角石山物、脉后排应应列力力4水文地质条件水文循环大气圈水圈岩石圈地表径流地下径流流域流域面积汇水面积地下水地表水大气水气态水液态水固态水上层滞水潜水承压水吸着水介质空隙孔隙水压力渗透压力扬压力静水压力外静水压力动水压力synclineanticlinedomesqueezeuppersectionbottomwal

16、l,footwall,lowerwallseparationintersectfaultnormalfaultreversedfaultparallelfaultbedding,stratificationlightstratificationgrabenhorst,faultridgegouge,pug,selvage,faultgougestria,striationfracturefracturezonejointjointsetfissure,crackfinefissure,microscopicfissurecleavageoriginaljointepigeneticjointt

17、ensionjointshearjointreliefcrackfractureporositystructuralpatternrockmassstructureblockmassstructuralelementblocknessstructuralplaneweakplanefreefacecataclastictextureplatystructurelamelloselumpy,massivelaminatedgiantthick-laminatedfinelylaminatedweakintercalatedlayerinterbedding,crumbleconjugatedjo

18、intlooselens-shapeda.cragcuttings,debrismembrane,filmstratificationhighdipanglelowdipangleanti-dipinterbedv.Interbeddingn.unplanarundulate,undulatingparticlesizetectonospherecompressionhomogeneousshearfaulted,beddingzonedissectiondissectedclose,compacttectonitemylonitefaultbrecciacalciteveinclasticr

19、ockbrecciarockpowderdebris,debryconsolidationorientedspreadtectonicstressresidualstresshydrogeologicalconditionshydrologiccycleatmospherehydrospheregeospheresurfacerunoffsubsurfacerunoffvalley,drainagebasindrainagearea,riverbasinareacatchmentareagroundwater,subsurfacewatersurfacewateratmosphericwate

20、raqueous(vapour)waterliquidwatersolidwaterperchedwaterphreaticwaterconfinedwaterhygroscopic(adsorptive)watermediumvoidporewaterpressureosmoticpressure,seepageforceupliftpressurehydrostaticpressureexternalhydrostaticpressurehydrodynamicpressure渗透力seepagepressure安全系数factorofsafety外水压力externalwaterpres

21、sure埋深embedmentdepth内水压力internalwaterpressure试件coupons水力联系hydraulicinterrelation挠度deflection水力折减系数hydraulicreductioncoefficient里氏震级Richterscale水头损失waterheadloss设计烈度designintensity渗透途径filtrationpath,seepagepath基本烈度basicintensity渗透系数penetrationcoefficient场地烈度siteintensity潜水位watertablelevel地震烈度seismici

22、ntensity,intensityscale水位waterlevel,stagelevel卓越周期predominantperiod水头waterhead持力层sustainedyield含水层aquifer超载surcharge弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard围岩压力surroundingrockstress滞水层aquiclude附加压力superimposedstress透水层permeablelayer,perviouslayer应力松弛stressrelaxation不透水层(隔水层)aquifuge,imperviouslayer,应力路迳stresspathimpermea

23、blelayer,aquiclude卸荷unload潜水含水层phreaticaquifer渗透率specificpermeability承压含水层confinedaquifer,artesianaquifer饱和度degreeofsaturation承压面bearingsurface含水量moisturecontent潜水面phreaticsurface,watertable平均粒径meandiameter浸润线phreaticcurve颗粒grain,granule,particle不透水边界imperviousboundary颗粒级配distributionofgrain-size,地下

24、分水岭groundwaterridgegraincomposition,sizedistribution粘滞性viscosity级配graduation,富水性abundancegrain-sizedistribution,gradation,grading透水性（渗透性）permeability粒度coarsenessgrainsize,granularity,lump淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation,leaching不均匀系数coefficientofnon-uniformity,反滤层invertedgravelfiltervariationcoefficient,variatio

25、nfactor水锈incrustation颗粒分级gradation,sizegrading渗滴seep孔隙水porewater饱和saturation,saturated孔隙比voidratio(ration)潜水位变化带zoneofvariablephreaticlevel空隙率airvoids气象因素meteorologicalfactor孔隙率porosity饱水带zoneofsaturation裂隙率crackity包气带aerationzone,zoneofaeration溶隙率karstity包气带水aerationzonewater密度density上层滞水perchedwat

26、er重度unitweight,bulkweight孔隙水porewater浮重度buoyantunitweight裂隙水fissurewater折减系数reductionfactor岩溶水karsticwater压力消散dissipationofpressure结合水boundwater,combinedwater抗力系数coefficientofresistance吸着水hydroscopicwater软化系数softeningcoefficient薄膜水pellicularwater含水量watercontent毛细水capillarywater稠度consistency重力水gravit

27、ationalwater塑限plasticlimit凝结水condensationwater液限liquidlimit地下水埋藏条件conditionofgroundwateroccurrence塑性指数plasticityindex地下水埋藏深度depthofgroundwateroccurrence液性指数liquidityindex压水试验packerpermeabilitytest流变rheological抽水试验pumpingtest蠕变creep塑性plastic5物理力学性质脆性brittleness(fragility)物理力学physicalmechanicsn.粘性stic

28、knessPhysico-mechanicala.刚性rigidity屈服准则yieldcriteria弹性的elastic米赛斯屈服准则VonMisesyieldcriteria粘弹性viso-elasticity朗肯土压力理论Rankingsearthpressuretheory弹塑性elasto-plasticity剑桥模型Cambridgemodel,Cam-model压缩性compressibility邓肯-张模型Duncan-changmodel均质性homogeneity本构方程constitutiveequation非均质性nonhomogeneity(heterogeneit

29、y)局部剪切破坏localshearfailure各向同性isotropy整体剪切破坏generalshearfailure各向异性anisotropy岩体完整性指数intactnessindexofrockmass总应力totalstress后效应力effectivestress超孔隙水压力excessporepressure孔隙水压力porewaterpressure抗压强度compressivestrength抗拉强度tensilestrength抗剪强度shearstrength不排水抗剪强度undrainedshearstrenght峰值抗剪强度peaksharestrength长期

30、抗剪强度long-termshearstrength残余抗剪强度residualshearstrength负摩擦力negativeskinfriction,dragdown摩擦角angleoffriction内摩擦角angleofinternalfriction外摩擦角angleofexternalfriction内聚力cohesion粘聚力cohesion假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion粘着力adhesion摩尔圆Mohrscircle包络线envelope休止角angleofrepose,angleoffriction(repose,rest),reposeangle峰值peak模量

31、modulus弹性模量modulusofelasticity,Youngsmodulus,elasticmodulus压缩模量modulusofcompressibility变形模量modulusofdeformation卸荷模量unloadingmodulus切线模量tangentmodulus剪切模量shearmodulus割线模量secantmodulus旁压模量pressurmetermodulus泊松比poissonsration固结consolidation固结系数coefficientofconsolidation固结度degreeofconsolidation超固结比overc

32、onsolidationration应变strain压缩比compressibilityratio压缩系数coefficientofcompressibility压缩指数compressionindex初始曲线virgincurve正常固结土normallyconsolidatedsoil欠固结土under-consolidatedsoil超固结土over-consolidatedsoil被动土压力passiveearthpressure主动土压力activeearthpressure静止土压力earthpressureatrest覆盖压力overburdenpressure初始应力initi

33、alstress地应力场ground(geostatic)stressfield后效应力effectivestress动应力dynamicstress动何载dynamicload偏心他载eccentricloads循环布载inclinedloads地应力groundstress,geostaticstress初始应力initialstress应力场stressfield纵波longitudinalwave液化势liquefactionpotential液化指数liquefactionindex岩石抗力系数coefficientofrockresistance容许承载力allowablebear

34、ingcapacity临塑压力criticalpressure接触压力contactpressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题engineeringgeologicalproblem定性评价qualitativeestimate定量评价quantitativeestimate极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod不良地质现象unfavorablegeologicalcondition风化weathering变形deformation位移displacement不均匀位移differentialmovement相对位移relativedisplacement沉陷settlemen

35、t山崩avalanche,toppling崩塌toppling,topplingcollapse滑坡、地滑creep,slide切层滑坡insequentlandslide深层滑坡deepslide浅层滑坡shallowslide顺层滑坡滑动面consequentlandslide坡坡带体坡心心动床坡滑移引涌漏砂流化滑滑滑百推牵管渗流渗液surface,slidingplane,slipsurfaceslidingzoneslidebedslide(sliding)massfossillandslideslumpingslideretrogressiveslidepiping,internal

36、erosionleakagequicksandseepageliquefaction7工程勘祭engineeringinvestigation工程地质勘察engineeringgeologyinvestigation岩土工程勘察geotechnicalinvestigation工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalcondition工程地质评价engineeringgeologicalevaluation勘测survey岩芯采取率corerecovery,coreextraction岩芯获得率RQD(岩石质量指标)rockqualitydesignation程序(步骤)proc

37、edure勘察阶段investigationalstage选点踏勘reconnaissance初步设计初步规划初步勘探初步踏勘可行性研究阶段初步设计阶段施工阶段踏勘地质测绘工程地质测绘钻探物探洞探钎探primarydesignpreliminaryschemepreliminaryprospectinggroundreconnaissancefeasibilitystagepreliminarystageconstructionsagereconnaissance,inspectiongeologicalsurveyengineeringgeologicalmappingboreholeope

38、ration,boringgeophysicalexplorationexploratoryaditsrodsoundingexploringminingtrenching构造地质图geologicalstructuremap第四纪地质图quarternarygeologicalmap地质详图detailmapofgeology地质柱状图geologiccolumnarsection,geologiclog钻孔柱状图logsofborehole纵剖囿图longitudinalsection横剖囿图crosssection展小图revealdetailmap节理玫瑰图roseofjoints丕后

39、等同或bedrockcontour层底等高线contourofstratumbottom岩层界线strataboundary岩卸局程elevationofbedrocksurface坐标coordinate分层bedseparation地质点geologicalobservationpoint勘探点exploratorypoint(spot)勘探线exploratoryline勘探孔explorationhole平洞adit竖井riser,shaft,verticalshaft探槽exploratorytrench探井exploratorypit钻孔borehole,drillhole机钻孔o

40、rdinarydrillhole套钻孔sleevedrillhole管钻孔pipedrillhole岩芯core岩芯钻探coredrilling回转钻探（进）rotarydrilling冲击钻探churndrilling,percussiondrilling钢砂钻探shotdrilling铁砂钻进ironshotdrilling跟管钻进follow-downdrilling振动钻进vibro-boring,vibro-drilling泥浆钻探mudflushdrilling金刚石钻进diamonddrilling单动式singleacting双层doublelayer空气钻探airflushd

41、rilling钻机drillingrig钻头drillbit,drillingbit螺旋钻头auger勺钻spoonbit冲击钻头percussionbit,choppingbit桶式钻头bucketauger钻杆drillrod实测地质剖面图field-acquiredgeologicalprofile(section)石心官冲洗掖正循环冲洗反循环冲洗扫孔钻进平胴区井在探9岩土体加固掌子面挖面混开断料料拱拱室挖钻挖落骨骨顶底洞超风开塌细细坑探槽探天然建材调查naturalmaterialssurveying(examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnicalinvestigat

42、ionreport鉴定identification,appraisal鉴定书expertisereport鉴定人identifier,surveyor校核verification总监chiefinspector比例proportion地形图geographicmap地貌图geomorphologicalmap地质图geologicalmap工程地质图engineeringgeologicalmapcasingcorebarrelflushfluiddirectcirculationreversecirculationmud,slurrymudcakedadoseal,watersealclea

43、ningbottomofholedrillingaditshaftdrillingboring8工程地质试验击实试验compactiontest压缩试验compressiontest固结试验consolidationtest单轴试验uniaxialcompressiontest现场剪切试验in-situsheartest单剪试验simplesheartest直剪试验directsheartest慢剪试验slowtest单剪试验simplesheartest快剪试验quicktest三轴剪切试验triaxialsheartest三轴压缩试验triaxialcompressiontest动三轴试验

44、dynamictriaxialtest不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidatedundrainedtest(quicktest)固结不排水剪试验consolidatedundrainedtest(consolidatedquicktest)固结排水试验consolidateddrainedtest(slowtest)原位测试in-situtest现场监硬Uon-site(in-site)monitoring现场检硬Uon-site(in-site)inspection观测孔observationborehole静力触探试验conepenetrationtest,staticpenetrat

45、iontest,staticconetest标贯试验standardpenetrationtest十字板剪切试验vanesheartest,vanetest检层法up-holemethod,boreholemethod旁压试验pressuremetertest动力触探试验dynamicpenetrationtest,dynamicsounding点荷载试验pointloadtest岩石试验rocktest应力解除法stressreliefmethod应力恢复法stressrecoverymethod套孔法over-coringmethodbreast,drivingface,headingfa

46、ce,tunnelfacevaultinvertexcavationoverbreakpneumaticdrillexcavatedsectionslumpconcretemadewithfineaggregatefineaggregate,fineadjustment间叫比度热场料渣能结格凝凝凝合落化料土矿性凝合初初终配塌水破比灰状网端场婀法灰煤花射注筋固杆索紧桩石挖基挖破面裂水粉梅喷浇钢加锚锚锚锚采开清明爆光预结载砌堰冻超衬围堤stockgroundearthmaterialcinder,mineralwaterresidue,scoria,slagfunction,performance

47、,property,naturecoagulate,congeal,congealment,coagulationqualified,ontest,uptostandardinitialsetinitialsettingtimefinalsetmixproportionslumpheatofhydration,hydrationheat,settingheatwater-cementratioflyashquincuncialpatternshotcretepouringcoiremeshreinforceanchoredbar,rockboltanchoredcableanchorstati

48、onanchoredpegrockquarryexcavationcleanupfoundationopen-cutexplosionsmoothblastingpresplitting近坝岸坡abutments施工（收缩）缝constructionjoint心墙core截水墙cutoffwall防渗墙diaphragmwall排水井drainagewells排水幕drainagecurtain减压井reliefwells反滤层filterzone灌浆材料grout水力劈裂hydraulicfracturing帷幔线curtainline上游围堰upstreamcofferdam混凝土防渗墙c

49、oncretecutoffwall截流interimcompletion导水墙channeltrainingwall正常溢洪道渠首工程servicespillway消力塘linedplungepool隔墙dividerwalls混凝土护坦concreteapron副厂房auxiliarypowerhouse闸门室gatechamber中闸室midgatechamber开关站switchyard电梯井elevatorshaft尾水渠tailrace非常溢洪道emergencyspillwayfreezingmethodoverbreakliningcofferdamdike10水工概论坝址toe

50、ofdam坝踵heel坝段monolith坝顶crest坝肩shoulders左坝肩leftdamabutment副坝saddledam三坝址thethirddamsite标(Wjheightmark上游水位headwater正常库水位normalreservoirlevel地下洞室undergroundopening(tunnel)压力隧洞pressuretunnel无压隧洞gravitytunnel交通洞accesstunnel灌浆洞groutingtunnel明流洞free-flowtunnel孔板洞orificetunnel排砂洞sedimenttunnel尾水洞tailracetunnel排水洞drainagetunnel导流洞diversiontunnel隧道tunnel围岩surroundingrock,ambientrock围岩应力secondarystressstatic应力集中stressconcentrate覆盖层overburden冒顶cavein,rooffall底鼓bottomheave回弹rebound岩爆rockburst11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥JiangyinBridge悬索桥suspensionbridge锚碇anchorage重力式嵌岩锚gravitysocketedanchorage北锚碇前(后)锚面front(bac