2020高考英语三模前任务型阅读专题练17(学生版)三年真题研读专练

1、三年真题研读专练三模前任务型阅读专题练17题组一Do a country s inhabitants get happier as it gets richer?Most governments seem to believe so, given their continuous focus on increasing GDP year by year. Reliable, long-term evidence linking wealth and happiness is, however, lacking. And measuring well-being is itself full o

2、f problems, since it often relies on surveys that ask participants to assess their own levels of happiness subjectively.Previous research has shown that people s underlying levels of happiness are reflectethey whyitorwrite. Dr Sgroi and Dr Proto therefore consulted newspaper archives and Google Book

3、s, a collection of more than 8m titles that constitute around 6% of all books physically published. They searched these texts for words that had been assigned a psychological“ valence 尸(a value representing how emotionally positive or negative a wordis while controlling for the changing meanings of

4、words such as gay and awful ” (which once mmeant “to inspire awe ). The result is the Nationce Vadex, published this week in Nature Human Behaviour.Placed alongside the timeline of history, the valence indices(the plural of index)for the places under study, show how changes in national happiness ref

5、lect important events. In Britain, for example, happiness fell sharply during the two world wars. It began to rise again after 1945, peaked in 1950, and then fell gradually, including through the so-called Swinging Sixties, until it reached a nadir( 最低点)around 1980. America s national happiness, too

6、, fell during the world wars. It also fell in the 1860s, during and after the country s civil warall came in 1975, at the end of a long decline during the Vietnam war, with the fall of Saigon and America s humiliating defeat.In Germany and Italy the first world war also caused dips in happiness. By

7、contrast, during the second world war these countries both got happier as the war continued. Initially, that might be put down to their early successes, but this can hardly explain German happiness when the Red Army was at the gates of Berlin.The researchers assume that what is being measured here i

8、s the result of propaganda(宣传)and censorship(审 查)，rather than honest opinion. But they cannot prove this. Earlier in Italian history, though, there was a clear and explicable(可解释的)crash in happiness in 1848, with the failure of revolutions intended to unite into a single nation that was then half a

9、dozen disparate states. Surprisingly, however, successful unification in the 1860s also saw a fall in happiness.Does Wealth Ensure Happiness?Passage outlineSupporting detailsGeneral information The majority of governments think it does, continuously concentrating their (71)on growing annual GDP. Mor

10、e reliable, long-term evidence (72)to be explored. Participants of surveys give a (73)assessment on levels ofhappiness.(74)of research You can judge whether people are happy according to their(75) and writing. Some words usually represent positive emotions while gayand “awful often mean (76)A .Typic

11、al(77) A_ In Britain and America, the level of happiness (78)with thestart and the end of various wars. (79) the above two countries, German and Italy experienced adifferent situation.A strange truth Whether unification succeeds or not doesn t necessarily(80)the high level of happiness.题组二For many w

12、riters, the short story is the perfect medium. While writing a novel can be a Herculean task, just about anybody can write a short story. Like a novel, a good short story will thrill and entertain your readers. With some brainstorming(突发的灵感 )，drafting, and polishing, you can learn how to write a suc

13、cessful short story in no time.A plot or scenario: Think about what the story is going to be about and what is going to happen in the story. Consider what you are trying to address or illustrate. You can start with a simple plot, like your main character has to deal with bad news or your main charac

14、ter gets an unwanted visit from a friend or family member.You can also try a more complicated plot, like your main character wakes up in a parallel dimension or your main character discovers someone else s deep dark secret.A main character: Most short stories will focus on one to two main characters

15、 at the most.Think about a main character who has a clear desire, or want, but who is also full of contradictions. Do not simply have a good character or a bad character. Give your main character interesting characters and feelings so he or she feels complicated.A conflict for the main character: Ev

16、ery good short story will have a central conflict, where the main character has to deal with an issue or problem. Present a conflict for your main character early in your short story. Make your main character s life difficult or hard.A setting: Another key element of a short story is the setting, or

17、 where the events of the story are taking place. You may stick to one central setting for the short story and add details of the setting to scenes with your characters. Choose a setting that is interesting to you, and that you can make interesting for your readers. Try not to overload the story with

18、 a lot of different settings, as you do not want to confuse your readers.Usually, one to two settings is enough for one short story.A climax(高潮)：Every good short story has a shattering moment where the main character reaches an emotional high point.The climax usually occurs in the last half of the s

19、tory or close to the end of the story.At the climax of the story, the main character may feel overwhelmed, trapped, desperate, or even out of control.An ending: Brainstorm an ending that will leave your readers surprised or shocked. Avoid an obvious ending, where the reader can guess the ending befo

20、re it happens. Give your readers a false sense of security, where they think they know how the story is going to end, and then redirect their attention to another character or an image that leaves them shocked.Title: How to write a short story successfullyA brief introduction to the topicThe short s

21、tory is the perfect form a writer can use to communicate information to readers.CA good short story should be thrilling and (71); and if people want towrite an outstanding short story, they not only need to get enough inspiration and spend time drafting it, but also need to (72)it constantly.(73) _A

22、_people should take intoaccount whenwriting a short storyCome up with a plot orscenario.Briefly design your (74)and plot.Set a simple or a more complex plot.Focus on a complicated main character.Try to concentrate on just one or two main characters.Select a main character who isn (75) ，to justone pe

23、rsonality.Create a central conflict for the main character.Get your main character, who lives a tough life, faced with a central conflict in the beginning.Pick an interesting setting.Frame one central setting and more (76)ofthe settings. (77)overloading the story withmany different settings.Plan a c

24、limax(78) A-.Make the main character feesing reach the maximum-they ll feel overwhelmed, trapped, desperate or even (79) A_.Think of an ending witha (80) 一Give a shocking or intriguing ending to your story.题组三A new study by Lynne Vincent and Maryam Kouchaki demonstrates that believing that you are a

25、 creative person can create feelings of entitlement( 权禾U )when you think that creativity is rare and valuable. That feeling of entitlement can be costly for you and your organization as it can cause you to be dishonest.Many organizations now are recognizing the importance of creativity and are attem

26、pting to encourage their employees to be creative. However, there is a cost to that creativity when creativity is seen as a rare and unique attribute(属性).The findings in this study are based on several laboratory experiments, in addition to a study of employees and supervisor pairs.While creativity

27、is in most cases valued, such as other positive attributes, including practicality or intelligence, it may be overvalued compared to those other positive attributes because creativity is by definition( 本质上)rare. That sense of rarity then creates a sense of entitlement. People see their creative effo

28、rts as special and valuable and feel that they are worthy of extra rewards for their creative efforts. That entitlement can cause them to steal in order to get the rewards.However, it is naive to assume that employees in companies that have developed a strong identity as creative, such as Apple, Goo

29、gle, and IDEO, would be necessarily more dishonest due to their creativity.Theey to the relationship between creativity and dishonesty is the sense of rarity, saiid Vincent. When individuals identified themselves as creative and believed that creativity was rare, entitlement appeared. However, if in

30、dividuals believed that creativity was common, that sense of entitlement was reduced.When people in the laboratory experiments believed that their creativity was rare compared to common, they were more likely to lie for money. However, when people believed that being practical was rare compared to c

31、ommon, the increased sense of psychological entitlement and dishonesty did not occur. The effect was seen in organizations too.Although creativity is important in the business world, the dark side of creativity has only partly studied. However, as creativity is becoming more important for organizati

32、ons, it is important for organizations to understand how to encourage creativity. Encouraging creativity in organizations is not as simple as telling employees to be creative. Defining what it means to be creative and what creativity means in that context is important. When people define creativity

33、in terms of being rare and valuable, seeing yourself as a creative person can cause entitlement and dishonesty. However, if organizations define creativity as a common and everyday behavior or an attribute that many people can have, organizations may be able to encourage employee creativity without

34、encouraging employee dishonesty.The key to the relationship between creativity and dishonestyIntroduction When thinking that creativity is rare and valuable, you will have feelings of entitlement. Thefeeling of entitlement can (71)you and your organization a lot as it canlead to (72).Details aboutth

35、e study Many organizations are recognizing that creativity (73)and are trying todevelop their employees creativity. (74) a study of employees and supervisors pairs, the findings in this study arebased on several laboratory experiments. While creativity is (75)valued like other positive attributes, i

36、t may beover-valued compared to those other positive attributes because of its rarity by definition. People seeing their creative efforts as specia and valuable feel that they(76) extra rewards. It does not (77)mean that employees in companies like Apple, Google andIDEO are more dishonest because of

37、 their creativity.The effect of entitlement Whether entitlement appears or is (78)depends on people attitudes to itsrarity.Conclusion (79)the importance of creativity in the business worlds, the dark side ofcreativity has not been (80)studied. It important to define what it means to be creative and

38、what creativity means in that context.题组四In a broad sense, migration is usually defined as “ permanent semi-permanent change of residence . Although movements within nations(internal migration)often exceed movements between nations(international migration)in volume, the motives of people who move sh

39、ort distances are very similar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of push and pull factors, which influence an individualmove from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficu

40、lty in finding a suitable job, or as traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors.Associated with the place of destination, pull factors are mostly economic, such as better job opportuniti

41、es or the availability of good land to farm. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential destinations, the deciding factor might be a non-eco

42、nomic consideration such as the presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort lead to the development of migration flow.Besides push and pull factors, there are what the

43、sociol ogists call a intervening obstacles ” . Even if push and/ pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problems likely to be encountered

44、 on arrival.The decision to move is also influenced bya personal factors of the potential migra-puThe same puslfactors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. T

45、he prospect of packing up everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and terribly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite

46、 one person and frighten another.Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete with them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades fo

47、r each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.MigrationPassage outlineSupporting detailsBroad (71)ofmigrationMigration is permanent or semi-permanent change of residence.(72)people move within nations than between nations, yet their motives are alike.Factors inmigrat

48、ionPush factors(73)to find a suitable job or suffering from wars or naturaldisasters, people are likely to leave their homeland.Pull factors(74) by pull factors, people are desperate for more chances tolive a better life in the place of destination.Earlier settlers tend to offer help to new migrants

49、, greatly(75) migration flow.Interveningobstacles(76)as push and pull factors might be, intervening obstaclesseems more difficult for some to (77).PersonalfactorsInternational migration may be interesting to those unmarried but not to those with a family; the same (78)of picking up a foreignlanguage

50、 may make one excited but another frightened.Impacts of migrationAs a result of large numbers of the newest arrivals, conflicts between them and the natives will (79). It usually takes long for the newcomers to (80)in with themainstream of the host country.题组五School lunches in JapanJapan manages a r

51、are achievement for a developed country when it comes to feeding its children high scores for nutrition but very low obesity rates. One major key? School lunches.A landmark report by the UN s children agency UNICEF released Tuesday shows Japan topping the charts for childhood health indicators, with

52、 low rates of infant mortality and few underweight children.Experts say there are various factors at work, including a health-conscious society and regularly check-ups for children required by law, but a nationwide school lunch program also plays a key role.School lunches with menus that are created

53、 by nutritionists are provided to all primary schools and themajority of junior high schools throughout Japan, Mitsuhiko Hara, a pediatrician and professor at Tokyo KaseiGakuin University, told AFP.The lunches are mandatory no packed lunches allowed andwhile they are not free for most, they are heav

54、ily subsidized 补助）.Each meal is designed to have around 600-700 calories balanced between carbohydrates, meat or fish and vegetables.“School lunch is designed to provide nutrition that tends to be lacking in meals at home,”official Mayumi Ueda told AFP. I think it contributes to the nutritional bala

55、nce necessary for children.Unlike the cafeteria system operated in some Western countries, Japanese school lunches are usually served in the classroom. Pupils frequently dish out the food to each other and clean up the room afterwards. There is no choice of meal, and no concessions offered for veget

56、arians, or anyone with religious restrictions.The lunches are intended not only to feed children, but to teach them. There s also a daily brcto explain the nutritional elements contained in the school lunch of the day, and this is a good way to educate kids,Hara said.Ueda said. It s not jus“School lunch is positioned as part of education under the law,? but children learn to serve, and clean up on their own?