《2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测》英语句子结构分析(共35张PPT)

1、英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析一、简单句的五种基本句型一、简单句的五种基本句型： 1、主语、主语+连系动词连系动词+表语表语 如： He became exhausted . It proves to be right. The machine is broken. 连系动词有： be,seem,appear,keep,prove,turn out/look,feel,sound,smell,taste/ become,grow,get,turn,go,come (true), fall(ill,asleep)2、主语、主语+谓语（谓语（及物动词或短语及物动词或短语）+宾语宾语 如：They

2、 decided to hold a class meeting.We depend on our parents for food and clothing.3、主语、主语+谓语（不及物动词或短语）谓语（不及物动词或短语）（+状语）状语） 如：The sun rises in the east.The Opium War broke out in 1839.4、主语、主语+及物动词及物动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语 如：My father bought me an electronic dictionary.Mr. Wang teaches us chemistry. 用于此句型的

3、动词有：buy,find,bring,give,teach,pass,show,tell, do,leave,get,lend,lose,cost,offer,promise,sing, write,deny,envy5、主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 如：Marx made London the base for his revolutionary work.The boy made his sister cry.Our teacher encouraged us to work hard.二、句子的成分：二、句子的成分：1、主语、主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，：是一个句子所要说明的

4、人和事物， 是一是一 句的主体。句的主体。 1）、）、The sun rises in the east. 2)、He likes dancing. 3)、Twenty years is a short time in history. 4)、Seeing is believing. 5)、To see is to believe. 6)、What he needs is a book. 7)、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不

5、定式、 动名动名词和主语从句。词和主语从句。2、谓语谓语：它是说明主语的动作或状态：它是说明主语的动作或状态 的。的。 作谓语的有：及物动词或动词短语作谓语的有：及物动词或动词短语(助动词助动词 /情态动词系动词情态动词系动词+动词）。动词）。 1)We study English. 2）Be quiet . I am thinking. 3)Even experts can make mistakes. 4)He doesnt want to be a journalist. 5）I am always worried about my little pet. 6)He is asleep.

6、 3、宾语、宾语：它是表示及物动词或及物动词：它是表示及物动词或及物动词 短语所作用的对象的。短语所作用的对象的。1)I like China. 2)He hates you. 3)How many do you need? We need two. 4)We should help the old and the poor.5)I enjoy working with you. 6)I hope to see you again. 7)Did you write down what he said? 作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从

7、句。名词和宾语从句。 1.He gave me a book yesterday. 2.Give the poor man some money.划线部分是？1.Are you afraid of the snake? 2.Under the snow, there are many rocks.介词后的名词、代词和动名词介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾介宾双宾语双宾语间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）4、表语、表语：它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的：它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的 身份或特征。身份或特征。作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容

8、词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。词、分词和表语从句。1、He is a teacher. 2、 Seventy-four! You dont look it.3、Five and five is ten. 4、He is asleep. 5、His father is in. 6、The picture is on the wall. 7、My watch is gone / missing / lost. 8、To wear a flower is to say “Im poor, I cant buy a ring.

9、 9、The question is whether they will come. 5、定语、定语：它是限定、修饰名词或代词用的。：它是限定、修饰名词或代词用的。 1.Ai Yeanling is a chemistry teacher. 2.He is our friend. 3.We belong to the third world. 4.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.5.The man over there is my old friend. 6.The woman with a baby in her arms is m

10、y sister. 7.The boys playing football are in Class 2. 8.The trees planted last year are growing well now. 9.I have an idea to do it well. 10.You should do everything that I do. 名词、形容词、名词、形容词、数词、介词短数词、介词短语、不定式、语、不定式、分词、动名词分词、动名词和定语从句和定语从句位置位置呢？呢？6、状语、状语：它是修饰动词、形容词、副：它是修饰动词、形容词、副 词或全句用的。词或全句用的。 1) I w

11、ill go there tomorrow. 2) The meeting will be held in the meeting room. 3）The meat went bad because of the hot weather. 4）He studies hard to learn English well. 5）He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. 6） I like some of you very much. 7）If you study hard, you will pass the exam. 8）He goe

12、s to school by bike. 9）Though he is young, he can do it well. 作状语的有：副词（短语）、介词短语、作状语的有：副词（短语）、介词短语、 不定式、分词（短语）、名词短语和状不定式、分词（短语）、名词短语和状语从句。语从句。 状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。况等。 其位置多位于句首或句尾其位置多位于句首或句尾;修饰动词的常修饰动词的常跟在动词后面跟在动词后面;但表频率或程度的副词应但表频率或程度的副词应位于句中位于句中be动词、

13、情态动词和助动词之动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。后，实义动词之前。7、补足语、补足语：补充说明句中的主语：补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的。或者宾语的。 1)We elected him monitor. 2)We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. 3)We will make them happy4) We found nobody in. 5)Please make yourself at home. 6）Dont let him do that.7）His father advised him to teach the l

14、azy boy a lesson. 8）Dont keep the lights burning. 9）Ill have my bike repaired. 作补足语的有：作补足语的有：名词、形容词、名词、形容词、介词短语、介词短语、 不不定式和分词（短定式和分词（短语）。语）。主补：对主语的补充。主补：对主语的补充。1.He was elected monitor. （名（名词）词）2.She was found singing in the next room. （现在分词）（现在分词）3.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （不定

15、式）（不定式）8、同位语同位语：把一个名词（短语）、代词：把一个名词（短语）、代词 或从或从 句放在另一名词或代词后，用句放在另一名词或代词后，用 以说明前者的性质或情况，这样的名词代以说明前者的性质或情况，这样的名词代词或从句叫同位语。词或从句叫同位语。 1） We Chinese people love peace.2）Our monitor，Li Qiang , is a warm-hearted guy.3)I heard the news that we had won the competition.三、句子种类两种分类法三、句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：、按句子的用

16、途可分四种：1）陈述句陈述句（肯定、否定）：（肯定、否定）：He is six years old.2）疑问句疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：（一般、特殊、选择、反意）： Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class4）感叹句感叹句：How clever the boy is!2、按句子的结构可分三种：、按句子的结构可分三种： 1) 简单句简单句2) 并列句并列句3) 复合句复合句1）简单句简单句：只有一个主语（或并：只有一

17、个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。语）。 1） He often reads English in the morning.2）Tom and Mike are American boys.3）She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. 注意：我们可以给句子的注意：我们可以给句子的动词加上副词动词加上副词修修饰，给饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，修饰，给句子加上给句子加上状语状语进行修饰等，以使整个句进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更

18、加的丰富和充实。但不管子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有如何变，都只有一个主谓结构一个主谓结构。lHe worked hard all his life. (划线部分在划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词句中作状语，修饰动词worked)lHe is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词词student)2) 并列句：并列句：句型：句型：简单句简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义连接

19、而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词。它们之间用连词连结。连结。e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 并列句的分类并列句的分类1、表示连接、表示连接两个同等概念两个同等概念，常用，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。等连接。e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students

20、 name is John.2、表示、表示选择选择，常用的连词有，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.3、表示、表示转折转折，常用的连词有，常用的连词有but, yet, while等。等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示、表示因果因果关系，常用的连词有关系，常用的连词有so, fo

21、r等。等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.3）复合句：）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句含有一个或一个以上从句 的句子。的句子。从句包括从句包括名词性从句名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句）句、表语从句和同位语从句） 定语从句和状语从句定语从句和状语从句等。等。句型句型主句主句+连词连词+从句；或连词从句；或连词+从句从句+主句主句le.g. The foreign visitors took a lo

22、t of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.复合句就是复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. (As 引导一个定语从引导一个定语从句句)Where there is a will, there is

23、 a way. (Where引导一个表地点的状语从句引导一个表地点的状语从句)Exercises 判断句型判断句型1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother.2. What he says doesnt suit what he does. (简单句简单句划线部分在句中作状语划线部分在句中作状语) (复合句复合句包含两个名词性从句：包含两个名词性从句：What he says 是一个主语从句；是一个主语从句；what he does 是一是一个宾语从句个宾语从句)3. We often study Chi

24、nese history on Friday afternoon.4. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?简单句简单句复合句复合句简单句简单句6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the mo

25、rning and come back home at seven in the evening.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句9. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?11. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.并列句并列句 复合句复合句 简单句简单句简单

26、句简单句l1. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room.lA. Turning B. To turnC. Turned D. Turnl2. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shall we get down to business right away?lA. andB. thenC. or D. otherwisel3. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later.lA. arrivingB. to arrivelC. having ar

27、rived D. and arrivedl4. She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.lA. whom B. whereC. which D. whilel5. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that l6. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _ she used to be. A. that B, whom C. what D. whol7. _ seve