海事基础英语综合教程第二册Unit4InternationalMaritimeConventions精课件

1、Unit 4International Maritime Conventions Part Warming-up ActivitiesBCD1. MARPOL (C) 2. ISPS CODE (D)3. SOLAS (B)4. STCW (A)APart Text A: Introduction to STCW Section 1: Background Information Section 2: Text Explanation1. Key words And Expressions2. Key Sentence Analysis 3. Text Translation1. STCW:

2、It stands for the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watch-keeping for Seafarers. 2. Manila Amendments also are known as STCW 2010 Amendments. They were adopted at a Diplomatic Conference in Manila, the Philippines, held in June 2010, and are aimed at ensuring that

3、 the necessary global standards will be in place to train and certify seafarers to operate technologically-advanced ships for some time to come. STCW and Manila AmendmentsSection 1: Background Information Section 2: Text Explanation1. Key Words And Expressions2. Key Sentence Analysis 3. Text Transla

4、tion 3. major adj. (more) important; great(er) 较大的，主要的e.g. a major issue of principle 原则性的大问题 This car needs major repairs. 这辆汽车该大修了。Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions4. establish vt. to start to have, or create an organization, a system, or introduce a new rule etc.建立，创立，设立 e.g. Lets establish so

5、me ground rules. 来让我们设立一些基本原则。 Our hospital was established in 1950. 我们的医院建于1950年。 Within six months, Caesar had established his authority over Gaul. 六个月内，凯撒就在高卢确立了权威。Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions5. requirement n. something that is needed or that is demanded要求；必要条件 e.g. He has filled all requ

6、irements for promotion. 他已具备晋升的一切条件。 The certificate of CET Band Four is a requirement for the post. 此项职位要求要有4级英语证书。 We will try our best to meet the requirements of our customers. 我们将尽全力满足顾客的需要。 Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions6. previously adv. before the present time or the time referred to先前

7、地，以前地e.g. She had previously worked in television. 她以前干过电视这一行。 Three years previously, he had met Susan. 三年前他就见过苏珊。 Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions 7. individual adj. single, separate个别的；单独的；个人的e.g. Each individual person is responsible for his own arrangements. 每个人均对自己的计划负责。 A teacher cannot g

8、ive individual attention to his pupils in a large class. 在大班级里，老师无法关照个别学生。 Paragraph 1Key Words And Expressions8. without reference to preposition phrase without looking at something or consulting someone for information没有参考某事，没有参考某人的意见e.g. The decision was taken without reference to local managers.

9、 这个决策的制定没有参考当地经理的意见 reference n. the act of looking at something or consulting someone for information参考，查阅e.g. This book is for reference only. 这本书仅供参考。 You should make a reference to a dictionary. 你应该参考字典。Paragraph 1Key Words And ExpressionsPreviously the standards of training, certification and w

10、atchkeeping of officers and ratings were established by individual governments, usually without reference to practices in other countries. Sentence AnalysisAs引导方式状语The basic sentence structure is SV.1. S: “the standards of training, certification and watch-keeping of officers and ratings” (主语), V: w

11、ere established (谓语是被动态)2. “by individual governments” and “without reference to practice in other countries” are functioned both as adverbial (状语). “by”引导的是方式状语，引出谓语动词的实施者。“without”引导伴随状语。 Paragraph 1Key Sentence AnalysisParagraph 1Translation 船员培训、发证和值班标准国际公约简称为STCW公约 公约的采用：1978年7月7日； 公约正式生效：1984年

12、4月28日； 公约于1995年和2010年大幅修改 1978年STCW公约是第一个关于船员培训、发证和值班的国际性公约。之前船员的培训、发证、值班和分级的标准都是各个政府国家自己制定的，通常没有参照别国的做法。 prescribe vt. to say with authority, what should be done in a particular situation规定，指定e.g. Each person is responsible for his own arrangements. 每个人均对自己的计划负责。 A teacher cannot give individual at

13、tention to his pupils in a large class. 在大班级里，老师无法关照个别学生。 All the conditions prescribed by law have been complied with. 法律规定的所有情况都已得到遵守。 Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions2. minimum adj. as small in amount or degree as possible最低的；最小的e.g. The minimum wage is 4.25 dollars an hour. 最低工价为每小时四点二五美元。 E

14、ighteen is the minimum age for entering most nightclubs. 进入夜总会最低年龄限制为18岁。 Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions3. relating to preposition phraseconnected with 关于，与.有关e.g. Anything relating to maths is a complete mystery to me. 任何与数学相关的对我来说都是解不开的谜。 He has read some documents relating to immigration la

15、ws. 他读过一些关于移民法的文件。 Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions4. be obliged to verb phrase be required or compelled to do something被迫，迫使，不得不e.g. They were obliged to sell their house in order to pay their debts. 他们被迫卖房还债。 I was obliged to abandon that idea. 我不得不放弃那个想法。oblige vt. to make it necessary for (s

16、omeone) to do something迫使e.g. Circumstances oblige me to do that. 情况使我不得不那样做。 In some countries, the parents are obliged to send their children to school. 在某些国家里，父母必须要送子女上学。Paragraph 2Key Words And Expressions6. exceed vt. to be greater than a number or amount 超过(限度)，超越e.g. The price will not exceed

17、 100 yuan. 价格不会超过100块。 He was fined for exceeding the speed limit. 他驾车超速被罚款。 Paragraph 2Key Words And ExpressionsParagraph 2Translation 该条约规定了船员培训、发证、值班方面最基本的、其成员国必须要达到或者超过的标准。1. adopt vt. 1) to formally approve a proposal, amendment etc, especially by voting接受，通过，批准e.g. Congress adopted new measure

18、s. 国会通过了新措施。 The agenda was adopted after some discussion. 经过讨论，议事日程获得通过。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions2) to decide to start using a particular idea, plan, or method 采用，采纳，采取e.g. to adopt a positive attitude / a tough line 采取积极的态度/ 强硬的路线 to adopt an idea/ a policy 采纳一个意见/政策 Paragraph 3Key Word

19、s And ExpressionsParagraph 3Key Words And Expressions2. conference n. a formal meeting between people who share the same business interests（正式）会议e.g. The hotel is used for exhibition, conferences and social events. 这家饭店用于举行展览，大型会议和社交活动。 a conference on womens rights 妇女权利大会 Paragraph 3Key Words And E

20、xpressions3. regulation n. an especially official rule or order规章，规则e.g. to comply with the regulations 遵守章程 Under the new regulations, spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled. 按照新的规定，办公室设备开支将受到严格控制。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions4. divide into verb phraseto separate or make s

21、omething separate into parts分，划分e.g. The teacher divided the class into small groups. 老师把那个班分成几个小组。 The book is divided into six sections. 这本书分成6部分。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions5. chapter n. a main division of a book, typically with a number or title（书的）章；回e.g. I read the first few chapters a

22、nd then got bored. 我读了开头几章就烦了。 Read Chapter 11 as your homework. 作为家庭作业，请阅读11章。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions6. transfer vt. to move (something) from one place to another搬，转移，迁移e.g. Wait until the cakes cool before transferring them to a plate. 等蛋糕凉了之后再挪到盘子上。 The film studio is transferring to

23、 Hollywood. 这个电影工作室要搬到好莱坞去。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions7. require vt. 1) to demand by right; order by the authority命令，要求e.g. The rules also require employers to provide safety training. 这些规则规定了用人单位要提供安全培训。 The agreement requires all parties to renounce the use of violence. 协议要求所有的党派放弃使用暴力。2)

24、 to need someone or something需要e.g. Please telephone this number if you require any further information. 如果你还需要信息，请拨这个号码。 This wall requires repairing. 这面墙需要修理了。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions8. detailed adj. containing or including a lot of information or details 详细的e.g. He had a detailed kno

25、wledge of the region. 他对那个地方知道的非常详细。detail n. a single point or fact about something 细节，详情e.g. They knew everything about me, down to the last detail. 他们对我了如指掌，每个细节都知道。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions9. concerning prep. about关于e.g. We read stories concerning visitors from outer space. 我们读了关于天外来客

26、的故事。 a newspaper article concerning the problems of big cities 一篇关于大城市问题的报纸评论文章Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions10. ensure vt. make sure; guarantee保证，担保e.g. The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft. 航空公司在采取措施确保飞机上的安全。 Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night

27、. 夜间请务必将所有的灯关掉。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions11. compliance n. the action or fact of complying with a wish or command服从，遵从e.g. I was surprised by his compliance with these terms. 我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。comply vi. to act in accordance with a wish or command依从，服从e.g. Candidates must comply strictly w

28、ith these instructions. 候选人必须严格遵守这些指示。 We comply with all fire safety rules. 我们遵守有关消防安全的全部条例。Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions12. call upon verb phrase officially ask a person or organization to do something 号召，要求e.g. Opposition groups have called on the government to change the tax laws. 反对派团体号召

29、政府减税。 You could be called upon to make a short speech. 你可能要按要求发言。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions13. in relation to preposition phrase concerning or about 关于e.g. I have a lot to say in relation to that affair. 关于那件事，我有好多话要说。 Similar policies were made in the 1970s, particularly in relation to h

30、ealth services. 在20世纪70年代制定了尤其关乎卫生健康服务的相同政策。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions14. provision n. a condition in an agreement or law条款；规定e.g. This contract includes a provision for salary increases over time. 这份合同包含逐步增加工资的条款。 The doctor agreed to go to Africa, with the provision that he could take h

31、is family with him. 医生同意去非洲，条件是可以带家属。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions15. personnel n. the people who work in a company, organization, or military force etc. 全体人员，员工e.g. All personnel of the company are eligible for the retirement plan. 公司所有员工都有资格参加这项退休计划。 trained personnel 培训过的职员Paragraph 3Key

32、Words And Expressions16. emergency n. sudden serious and dangerous event or situation which needs immediate action to deal with it 紧急情况，不测事件，非常时刻e.g. the emergency exit 紧急出口 The government had declared a state of emergency after the earthquake. 地震发生后政府已宣布进入紧急状态。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions1

33、7. occupational adj. of, about, or caused by ones job职业的e.g. occupational disease 职业病 For professional footballers, injuries are an occupational hazard. 对职业足球运动员来说，受伤是体育职业上的风险。18. survival n. the state of continuing to live or exist幸存，继续生存e.g. The doctors were zealous in their efforts to ensure the

34、survival of premature babies. 医生们在努力保证早产婴儿成活方面热情很高。 A lot of small companies are having to fight for survival. 许多公司为了生存挣扎着。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions19. function n. the job that something is designed to do功能，作用，职能e.g. Im not quite sure what my function is within the company. 我不是很清楚在公司的职能是

35、什么。 The teacher did not explain the grammatical function of this word. 老师没有解释这个词的语法功能。 Paragraph 3Key Words And Expressions20. alternative1) n. something that may be taken or chosen instead of one more others替代物e.g. an alternative to fossil fuels 化石燃料能源的替代物 If you dont like the school lunch, you hav

36、e the alternative of bringing your own. 要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐,你可以自己带饭。2) adj. (of two or more things) that may be used, done etc, instead of another, other（两个或以上的）可用来代替另一个的，另外的e.g. Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你有没有其它的建议？ One of the major features of the revision was the division of the technical

37、annex into regulations, divided into Chapters as before, and a new STCW Code, to which many technical regulations were transferred. Sentence AnalysisThe basic sentence structure is SVC.1. S: “One of the major features of the revision” (主语), V: “was” (系动词谓语), C: “the division of the technical annex i

38、nto regulations”(第一个表语) and “a new STCW Code”(第二个表语).2. “divided into Chapters as before” and “to which many technical regulations were transferred” are functioned both as modifier (定语). “divided into Chapters as before”修饰前文的“the technical annex”。“to which many technical regulations were transferred

39、”为定语从句，修饰前文的“STCW Code”。 Paragraph 3Key Sentence Analysis Another major change was the requirement for Parties to the Convention, who are required to provide detailed information to IMO concerning administrative measures taken to ensure compliance with the Convention.Sentence Analysis1. The basic se

40、ntence structure is SVC.S: “Another major features” (主语), V: “was” (系动词谓语), C: “the requirement for Parties to the Convention”(表语).“who are required to provide detailed information to IMO concerning administrative measures taken to ensure compliance with the Convention” 为定语从句，修饰前文的“Parties”。在该从句中 “w

41、ho (Parties)” 为主语，谓语为是被动态和动词不定式的复合“are required to provide”，相当于“The Convention requires Parties to provide detailed information to IMO”。在这个不定式中，“concerning administrative measures”为后置定语修饰不定式动词宾语“information”，其后的“taken to ensure compliance with the Convention”为过去分词做定语，修饰前面的“measures”。 Paragraph 3Key

42、Sentence Analysis2. Past participles as modifiers(过去分词做定语修饰名词)过去分词作定语，语态上通常表被动，与所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。过去分词短语作定语放在名词后面，作后置定语。More examples: Heisateacherlovedbyhisstudents. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 Thereisalightedcandleonthetable. 桌上有一支点着的蜡烛。Paragraph 3Key Sent

43、ence AnalysisParagraph 3Translation 经大会通过，1995年修正案于1997年2月正式生效。技术性条款的附则部分分成章节，并新增了与公约和附则相对应的STCW规则，这是1995年修正案的重要特征之一。该修正案还有一个重大的改变，就是要求各缔约国向国际海事组织(IMO)提交为使公约完全实施而采取的管理措施的具体信息。该修正案表明了IMO组织第一次为遵守和执行公约而被召集起来。STCW公约章节第一章：总则第二章：船长、甲板部第三章：轮机部第四章：无线电部第五章：特定类型船舶的船员特别培训要求第六章：应急、职业安全、医护和救生职能第七章：可供选择的发证第八章：值班S

44、TCW规则。contain vt. to have something inside or include something as a part 装有；包含，含有e.g. That box contains old letters. 那盒子里装着旧信。 The information you need is contained in this report. 你所要的信息都包括在这份报告里了。 Paragraph 4Key Words And Expressionssection n. something, or a group of things, that forms part of a

45、 larger group部分e.g. The last section sums up the arguments of this article. 最后一部分总结了文章的论点。 Mother cut the cake into 4 equal sections. 母亲将蛋糕切成相等的四份。 Paragraph 4Key Words And Expressions3. enlarge upon verb phrase to give more information about something that you have already mentioned 详述；进一步补充e.g. He

46、 refused to enlarge upon his reasons for leaving his job. 他拒绝详细说明他辞职的原因。4. mandatory adj. demanded by law or compulsory强制性的e.g. Its mandatory to pay taxes. 必须缴税。 Paragraph 4Key Words and xpressions5. recommend vt. to praise as being good for a purpose; provide information about (someone or something

47、 good) 推荐，举荐e.g. Can you recommend a good restaurant (to me)? 你能推荐一家好的餐厅吗？ The hotels new restaurant comes highly recommended. 这家酒店的新餐厅得到了人们的普遍赞扬。 Paragraph 4Key Words And ExpressionsParagraph 4Translation STCW公约所包含的规定由STCW条款部分例举出。总而言之，公约包含的基本要求在STCW条款部分中有补充和解释。条款的A部分是强制性的，而B部分是推荐性的。tacit adj.1) imp

48、lied by law法定的2) understood without being expressed directly默认的，心照不宣的e.g. tacit agreement/approval 默许/默契 Paragraph 5Key Words And Expressions2. procedure n. order or way of doing something程序，手续，步骤e.g. the usual procedure at committee meetings 委员会会议的一般程序 His first procedure was to make a thorough inv

49、estigation. 他首先采取的步骤是进行彻底调查。Paragraph 5Key Words And Expressions3. bring/keep something up to date verb phrase to give all the newest information about something更新e.g. The old system should be brought up to date. 旧系统要更新了。 It will keep you up to date with our progress. 这可以让你跟进我们计划的最新发展。Paragraph 5Key

50、 Words And Expressions4. address vt.1) to try to deal with a problem or question 处理，应付e.g. You should address him as an equal you are fellow employees. 你应该以你们都是雇员的身份来对待他。 Your essay does not address the real issues. 你的文章没有探讨真正的问题。2) to write the name and address of a person or organization on an env

51、elope, parcel etc写（信封或包裹）上姓名和地址e.g. Would you help me address these envelopes? 请帮我在这些信封上写上地址好吗？Paragraph 5Key Words And Expressions4. address n.1) the name of the place where you live or work or a series of letters, numbers, and symbols showing you where to find a particular website on the internet地

52、址，网址e.g. a return address 回信地址 an email address 电子邮箱地址2) a formal speech to a group of people演说，讲话e.g. a television address 电视讲话 Paragraph 5Key Words And Expressions5. anticipate vt. to think something is likely to happen; expect预期, 希望e.g. to anticipate a pleasant vacation 期望度过一个愉快的假期 We anticipate

53、meeting a certain amount of resistance to our plan. 我们预料我们的计划会遇到一些人的反对。 We anticipate that sales will rise next year. 我们预料明年的销售量将会增加。Paragraph 5Key Words And Expressions6. emerge vi. to start to exit, to appear or become known发生，显露e.g. After long talks, possible solutions emerged. 经过一段长谈后，几项可能的解决方案都

54、显现出来了。 The moon emerged from behind the clouds. 月亮从云层后露出来。 Paragraph 5Key Words And ExpressionsThe 2010 amendments are set to enter into force on 1 January 2012 under the tacit acceptance procedure and are aimed at bringing the Convention and Code up to date with developments since they were initial

55、ly adopted and to enable them to address issues that are anticipated to emerge in the foreseeable future.Sentence AnalysisThe basic sentence structure is SV.S: “The 2010 amendments” (主语), V: “are set to enter into force”(含动词不定式的复合谓语) “are aimed at”(谓语是动词词组，含介词短语“at bringing the Convention and Code u

56、p to date with development”) and “to enable them to address issues” (含动词不定式的复合谓语).“under the tacit acceptance procedure”是第一个复合谓语动词不定式的条件状语。从句“since they were initially adopted” 作为第二个谓语的原因状语。从句 “that are anticipated to emerge in the foreseeable future”是定语从句，修饰前文的“issues”。 Paragraph 5Key Sentence Anal

57、ysisParagraph 5Translation STCW马尼拉修正案和条款于2010年6月25日修定，这标志着STCW国际公约的大幅修改。2010年修订案将于2012年1月1日正式实施，主要目的是使STCW公约跟进时代的最新发展，适应未来可能会出现的问题和局势。Part ExercisesSection 1: Comprehension Section 2: VocabularySection 3: Grammar Section 4: Translation 1. When was the STCW adopted and when did it enter into force? S

58、TCW was adopted on July 7th, 1978 and it entered into force on April 28th, 1984. 2. Why was the STCW established?Because previously the standards of training, certification and watch-keeping of officers and ratings were established by individual governments and the STCW Convention was the first one

59、of that kind on an international level. 3. What are two major features of the 1995 revision?The first one: there was the division of the technical annex into regulations, divided into Chapters as before, and a new STCW Code, to which many technical regulations were transferred.Section 1: Comprehensi

60、on4. How many parts are there in STCW Code? What are they? There are two parts in STCW Code, namely part A and part B. 5. What marks a major revision to STCW Convention and Code? The Manila amendments to the STCW Convention and Code. Section 1: Comprehension1) The ISM Code is included into the Chapt