高考英语陷阱题总结归纳-名词附详解

1、高考英语陷阱题总结归纳一一名词典型陷阱题分析I found her sitting in the corner, reading newspaper, with inher eyes.A. a, tearB. a piece of, tearsC. a, tearsD. a piece of, tear【陷阱】误选D,许多学生错误地认为，既然news（消息）和paper（纸）均为不可数名词，那么newspaper（报纸）也应是不可数的；同时认为“眼泪”即“泪水”，“水”不可数，“泪水”和“眼泪”也应该不可数。【分析】最佳答案为Co newspaper和tear均为可数名词，它们不仅可以连用不定

2、冠 词、可以用复数，而且还可以连用数词。Her eyes filled with tears.她热泪盈眶。She dried her tears with a handkerchief.她用手帕擦干了 眼泪。The newspapers were full of lies.报纸上片谎言。A newspaper is a publication.报纸是一种出版物。顺便说一句，若不是将 newspaper当作是供阅读或传递信息的一种东西，而只是把它 当成一种“纸”来看待，也可用作不可数名词，如：Wrap it in （a sheet of） newspaper.把它用张报纸包起来。Her fath

3、er works as a in a hotel and her mother a in a private company.A. cooker, typewriterB. cook, typistC. cooker, typistD. cook, typewriter【陷阱】误选A,许多同学想当然地认为：cook用作动词，表示“煮饭”，所以cooker 应是其相应的名词，表示“煮饭的人”，即“厨师”； type用作动词，表示“打字”，所 以typewriter 应表示打字员。【分析】 而事实是：cook=厨师，cooker=炊具；typist= 打字员，typewriter= 打字机。 即此

4、题正确答案为 R“Why couldn t they meet us at five o clock? ” aBecause they were delayedA. heavy trafficheavy trafficscrowded trafficD. crowded traffics【陷阱】B C、D三项均容易误选。【分析】对于此题，首先要明确traffic 为不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除B和D= 另外，汉语习惯说交通拥挤，而英语习惯上却不能用crowded来修饰traffic ,要表示汉语的“交通拥挤，英语通常说heavy traffic ,即选A。如下面一题也是选 A：She is

5、 not a competent driver and can t cope with driving in.A. heavy trafficB. heavy trafficscrowded trafficD. crowded trafficsIn fact,one cause that leads to the problem.A. cattle isB. cattle areC. cattles areD. the cattles are【陷阱】此题容易误选 A,想当然地认为cattle 是单数，并且空格有表单数的one,自然谓语动词用is。【陷阱】其实，正确答案为B。cattle（牲畜，

6、牛）为集合名词，尽管它不带复数词尾-s, 却永远表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语要用复数。又如：For this many cattle were killed.为此宰了不少牲畜。The prisoners were herded like cattle.囚犯像牲 口一样被赶到一起。类似地，police（警察），people（人），police（警察），poultry（ 家禽）等也具有同样用 法，即只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义；用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与a（n）连用，但可与the连用（表示总括意义和特指）。如：The poultry have been fed.家禽已经喂过饲料了。In

7、Britain police do not usually carry guns.在英国警察通常不带枪。It annoys me when people forget to say“thank you. 遇至U有人忘记道谢的时候，我就不痛快。By all, you must try every to help him.A. mean, meanB. means, meansC. means, meanD. mean, means【陷阱】 误选C,认为第一空前有 all修饰，故用 means,而第二空前有 every修饰，故用mean【分析】其实，means是一个单复数同形的名词，并且永远带有尾

8、-s。换句话说，在表示“方式”、“方法”时，不存在mean这一形式(mean主要用作动词，表示“意思是”；也可用作名词，表示“中间”、“中庸”)。此题正确答案为C, by all means 为习语，意为“一定”、“尽一切办法”。顺便说一句,means用作主语时，其谓语的数需根据句意来所有可能的办法都已经试过了。每种可能的办法都已经试过了。确定。比较:All possible means have been tried.Every possible means has been tried.若句意不能明确地表明主语的单复数，其谓语则用单数或复数均可。如：Is Are there any oth

9、er means of getting more money?还有其他什么办法可弄至 U更多钱吗？Jim is person, and everyone is willing to be with him.A. so kind a, friendsB. so a kind, friendsC. so kind a, friendD. so a kind, friend【陷阱】 误选C或d认为friend 要用单数。【分析】 其实此题最佳答案为Ao so kind a person 相当于such a kind person ,注意两者中冠词的位置不同。be friends with 是习语，意

10、为与友好”、“跟做朋友”，与之同义的类似地还有make friends with 。值得说明的是，这类短语中的名词总是用复数，即使句子主语为单数也是如此。如：He is friends with me.他与我是朋友。He has made friends with everyone here.他与这儿的每个人交上了朋友。We already have pencils, but we need two pens.A. dozen of, dozenB. dozens of, dozensC. dozens of, dozenD. dozens of, dozen of【陷阱】误选Bo【分析】此题

11、最佳答案为 Co关于dozen的复数是否加词尾-s的问题比较复杂，大致原 则是：(1)当它与具体数字连用时，既不加复数词尾-s,也不后接介词of。尽管有的词书也有two dozen of这样的用例，但这已属过时用法，在考试中应避免，如 1992年全国高考有一道单项选择题就认为two dozen of 为错误选项：Shortly after the accident, police were sent to the spot to keep order.A. dozens ofB. dozens C. dozen of D. dozen D(2)当它不与具体数字连用，而是表示不确定的泛指数时，则

12、不仅要加复数词尾-s ,而且要后接介词of ,此时可将dozens of(许多，几十)视为习语。如：I ve been there dozens of times.我去过那儿几十次。She s got dozens of boy -friends.她的男朋友很多。下面一例中的dozens加了复数词尾-s也属为似情况：Pack them in dozens.按打装袋吧。(3)当与a few, several等数目不很具体的词连用时，加不加复数词尾-s均可，但需注意：不加复数词尾-s时，其后的介词of可以省略；加词尾-s时，其后介词of不能省 略。如：several dozen (of) penc

13、ils=several dozens of pencils几打铅笔注：英语较少使用 many dozen的说法，要表示类似意思可用dozens of 。(4)当它后面的名词受the, these, those等特指限定词修饰时，或其后的接的是us,them这样的人称代词时，则此时必须用介词of。如：two dozen of these eggs两打这种鸡蛋three dozen of them 它们中的 3 打注：score, hundred, thousand, million等也具有以上类似用法。She raised her finger to her lips as for silenc

14、e.A. an ideaB. a markC. a signD. a word【陷阱】容易误选Bo【分析】 应选C, sign与mark的区别是：sign的意思是迹象、征兆gesture or movement made with the hand, head, etc, used to give information,a command, etc(用手或头等做出示意动作以传递信息或命令等)，mark的意思是written or printed symbol or figure, line etc made as signor an indication ofsth(书写与印刷的符号或图、线

15、等记号)。根据此二词的语义区别以及常识可知答案为G类似地，下面两题的答案也是C:B. markD. oneThose black clouds are a sure that it s going to rain.A. thingC. signJust as a famous Chinese saying goes, a timely heavy snow is a ofgood harvest next year.A. markB. trackC. signD. appearance但是，下面一题却不能选sign ,也不能选 mark,而选symbol(象征)：The lion is con

16、sidered the king of the forest as it is a(n)of courage and power.A. exampleB. signC. markD. symbol顺便说一句，在近几年的高考中像这类结合词义区别以及语境和生活常识进行考查的试 题经常出现，同学们需引起注意。“May I take your order now?We d like three black and two green.A. coffee, cups of teasB. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, teaD. cup of coffees, teas【

17、陷阱】 误选C,认为coffee和tea均为不可数名词，不能后加复数词尾-s ,从而排除选项A、B、D。【分析】选B。有的同学认为coffee 和tea是物质名词，不可数，不能用three coffees, two teas这样的表达。其实，coffee既可用作不可数名词，表示“咖啡”这种物质，也可 用作可数名词，表示一杯咖啡，即在口语中 three coffees 就等于three cups of coffee 。同样，三杯茶既可说成 three cups of tea ,也可说成three teas ;三杯 啤酒”既可说成 three glasses of beer ,也可说成 three

18、 beers 。is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. WalkB. WalkingC. The walkD. To walk【陷阱】容易误选A或D。【分析】 最佳答案为Bo分析如下：(1)首先，选项D不如选项B佳，因为，不定式通常表示特定的动作，而动名词才表示习惯性的动作。(2)尽管walk用作名词时可以表示“散步”，但它是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的散步，而不表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“散步”，要表示此义，要用动名词walking比较：How about going for a walk?出去散散步如何 ？Walking

19、does good to your health.散步对你的健康有益。类似地，dance和dancing 以及swim 和swimming 的区别也是一样：(1)名词的dance表示“跳舞”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的跳舞，而不 表示抽象意义或泛指意义的“跳舞”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名词转化来的名词dancing 。比较：Let s have a dance.我们跳曲舞吧。He is interested in dancing.他对跳舞感兴趣。(2)名词的swim表示“游泳”，是可数名词，指的是一次一次的具体的游泳，而不表 示抽象意义或泛指意义的“游泳”，要表示后者的意思，要用动名

20、词转化来的名词 swimming。比较：She had a swim every day.她每天游一会儿泳。She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。精编陷阱题训练Ten years had passed. I found she had .A. a few white hairsB. a little white hairC. some white hairD. more fifty hair Hi, this way, please.OK.I sometimes have no sense of when I arrive at the crossroad.A. position

21、B. directionC. situationD. conditionShelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first.A. intentionB. attemptC. purposeD. desireI didn t have to work all weekendA. chanceC. accident“ Did you get to the party?A. an answerC. a questionI paid

22、him 50 for the painting,A. priceC. valueHis letter was so confusing that I couldA. explanationC. senseYou ve just missed your ,chance- I did it by.choiceD. myself“Yes, I replied to it this morning.an invitationD. a letterbut its true must be at leastmoneyD. importancehardly make any of it.meaningD.

23、guessand you will have to wait for the nextturn500.round.C. timeD. part一 Li Lin is very bright and studies hard as well. It s no he always gets the first place in any examination.A. questionB. doubtC. problemD. wonder一 How can I use this washing machine?Well, just refer to the.A. explanationsB. expr

24、essionsC. introductionsD. directionsJim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the.A. rooms numberB. room numberC. room s numbersD. room numbersHello, I d like to speak to Henry. Oh, which? There are two in our office.A. Henrys, HenrysB. Henries, HenriesC. Henry, Henry

25、sD. Henrys, HenriesElectricity, like other forms of , has greatly increased in price recent years.A. pressureB. forceC. strengthD. energyIn order to learn the of the family business, Bill took a job asmessenger boy in one of the offices.A. ins and outsB. dos and don tsC. heads and tailsD. t s and i

26、s-I ve got anA in the examination.That s a good. You will surely win a second.A. resultB. newsC. startD. ideain答案与解析1.选A。hair可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发,我的汤里有根头发）；用作不可数名词时，则是整体地如说 There s a hair in my soup (2.选B。需根据句意来分析。have no sense of direction意为“没有方向感”。3.选B。需根据句意来分析。attempt在此表示尝试。4.选B,由于上文说

27、didnt have to work ,所以下文相应的语境应是did it bychoiceO类似地，下面一题应选D,也是因为 choice与下文的have to do it相呼应:Were you given aor did you have to do it?A. jobB. dutyC. requestD. choice5.选B。注意其后的to the party和 replied to it 。指一个人的头发。6.选C value指价值”。7.选 C makesense of 意为明白、理解。比较：make sense意为有意义”“意思清楚”、“有道理”。如下面一题选D:What he

28、 told us about the situation simply doesn t make any.A. useB. reasonC. valueD. sense.选Bo miss one s turn 电为错过机会，注意下文的have to wait for thenext round所表示的语境。.选 Do it s no wonder ( +that 从句)的意思是难怪， 也可说成 No wonder (+that 从句)。.选Do directions的意思是“使用说明”，空格前的refer to 意为查看、爹苦 O.选D room为无生命名词，不用 room s这样的所有格形式，在此可直接用名词 作定语。类似地，下面一题要选B,也是一样的道理(名词作定语通常用单数不用复数)：The boy was very happy that hi