整理二氧化碳物理性质

1、二氧化碳（C02）相关物理性质二氧化碳（co2）相关物理性质英文名称CARBONDIOXIDE又名碳酸气二氧化碳在常温常压下为无色而略带刺鼻气味和微酸味的气体。17世纪初，比利时化学家J.B.Van.Helmont（15771644）在检测木炭燃烧和发酵过程的副产气时，发现CO2是一种与其他气体不同的气体。1757年，J.Black第一个应用定量的方法研究这种气体，由于它是固定在石灰石中的，所以定名他为固定空气”。此后，H.Cavendish和J.Priestley分别研究了固定空气”的性质。1773年,A.L.Lavoisier把碳放在氧气中加热，得到被它称为碳酸”的CO2气体，测出质量组成

2、为23.528.9%,杨71.176。5%。1823年，M.Faraday发现。加压可以使CO2气体液化。1835年，M.Thilorier制得固态CO2（干冰）。1884年，在德国建成第一家生产液态co2的工厂。在自然界，CO2时最丰富的化学物质之一，为大气的一部分，也包含在某些天然气或油田伴生气中何以碳酸盐形成的矿石中。大气里含CO2位0.030.04%（体积），总量约2.75x1012t,主要由含碳物质燃烧和动物的新陈代谢产生。在国民经济各部门，CO2有着十分广泛的用途。工业CO2主要是从合成氨、氢气生产过程中的原料气、发酵气、石灰窑气、酸中和气、乙烯氧化副反应气和烟道气等气体中提取和回

3、收，其纯度不低于99.5%（体积）。一、分子特性I见表1性质数值性质数值分子式结构式相对分子质量离解常数键长，pm键能，kJ/molCO2o=c=o44.0103.5x10-7(18C)4.4x10-11(25C)116531.4电离能，kJ/mol分子直径，nm摩尔体积（0C,0.10Mpa）丄生成自由能，kJ/mol通用气体常数（R）,MPam3/（kmolK）1330.50.350.5122.26-394.60.008314二、物理性质、热力学性质（一）特性参数1-3见表2表2性质数值性质数值熔点，C沸点，C相对密度（空气=1）比容,m3/kg绝热系数（K）-56.6(527Kpa)-7

4、8.5(升华)1.524(0C,1atm)1.522(21.1C,1atm)0.5059(0C,1atm)0.5457(21.1C,1atm)1.295临界点：温度，C临界压力，MPa临界密度,kg/m3气体密度，kg/m31m3气体生成液体体31.067.3824671.977(0C,1atm)1.833(21.1C,1atm)1.56(288K,0.101MPa)积，L表3临界状态及标准状态下的部分参数7临界状态(31.06C,7.382Mpa)标准状态(0C,1atm)性质数值性质数值压缩系数0.315流体粘度，mPas0.0138偏差系数0.274定压比热，KJ/(KgK)0.85偏心

5、因子0.225定容比热，KJ/(KgK)0.661流体粘度，mPas0.0404表4二氧化碳的亨利系数值7温度，C数值，10-6mmHg温度，C数值，10-6mmHg40501.771.9550602.152.59注：1mmHg=133.3Pa.表5二氧化碳的压缩系数4压力MPa温度C0204060801000.10131.0000-5.06620.10500.63360.74140.80680.84770.88327.59940.15300.16770.54080.68950.76420.818410.13250.20200.21300.26950.54200.67490.754012.66

6、60.24900.25900.29220.41820.58710.693215.1990.29500.30380.32880.39760.52600.642717.73190.34050.34710.36770.41450.50390.609020.26500.38500.39040.40780.44480.51050.596222.79810.43050.43370.44750.47760.52710.598425.33120.47400.47520.48670.51240.55190.611627.86440.51700.51670.52680.54730.58130.629530.397

7、50.55950.55770.56570.58210.61100.651535.46380.64450.63830.64240.65430.67490.703840.53000.72800.71840.71790.72480.73940.760245.59620.80900.79670.79160.79450.80440.819150.66250.89050.87400.86350.86420.86940.8788表6液体二氧化碳密度-温度对照表1-3温度C密度kg/m331.0463.930.0596.427.5661.025.0705.822.5741.220.0770.717.5795.

8、515.0817.012.5838.510.0858.07.5876.05.0893.12.5910.00.0924.0-2.5940.0-5.0953.0-7.5968.0-10.0980.8温度C密度kg/m3-12.5993.8-15.01008.1-17.51018.5-20.01029.9-22.51041.7-25.01052.6-27.51063.6-30.01074.2-32.51084.5-35.01094.9-37.51105.0-40.01115.0-42.51125.0-45.01134.5-47.51144.4-50.01153.5-55.01172.1表7固体二氧化

9、碳温度一密度对照表4温度C密度kg/m3-56.61512-601522-651535-701546温度C密度kg/m3-751557-801566-851575-901782表8二氧化碳的粘度(0.101325MPa,ux106)温度C粘度Pas-1008.86-7510.07-5011.26-2512.47013.672014.632514.86温度C粘度Pas5016.077517.1610018.2715020.4520022.5425024.5630026.46温度C粘度Pas温度C粘度Pas059992.5202571.262.5表9液体二氧化碳的粘度(nxlOO41085.229

10、53.91578.43053.0表10二氧化碳在不同压力及温度下的粘度(uxl06,u=ut+5.25x10-3pi.7,密度0.63x103kg/m3)压力MPa温度C0102030405060801001251502000.10114.014.414.815.215.716.116.517.418.319.420.422.42.02614.314.715.115.515.916.316.717.618.519.220.022.54.05315.715.916.216.616.917.318.018.819.620.322.76.08018.518.318.218.418.919.620.2

11、20.823.18.10624.221.220.520.320.621.021.523.610.13245.129.724.522.322.022.022.324.212.15942.128.624.724.123.423.424.914.18636.629.926.825.024.625.716.21244.434.929.827.127.626.718.23838.633.229.227.727.620.26544.036.831.829.528.825.33144.638.134.431.930.39852.943.839.335.2（二）相变1-3见表II.2.10-9表11性质数值性

12、质数值三相点：温度，。C压力，Mpa汽化热，kJ/kg熔化热，kJ/kg-56.570.518347195.82升华状态：温度，C升华热，kJ/Kg固态密度，kg/m3气态密度，kg/m30.101Mpa-78.5573.615622.814表12二氧化碳在不同温度下的汽化热4温度C汽化热kJ/kg温度C汽化热kJ/kg-56.57-55-50-45-40-35-30-25347.77345.18337.06328.82320.41311.75302.80293.63-10-50510152025261.54248.95234.85219.03201.21180.20155.23119.37-

13、20283.633062.97-15270.04310.00表13液体二氧化碳饱和蒸汽压温度C饱和蒸汽压KPa温度C饱和蒸汽压KPa温度C饱和蒸汽压KPa温度C饱和蒸汽压KPa-59465.96-361162.0-132430.2104501.4-58487.15-351203.8-122501.7114613.9-57509.05-341246.6-112574.7124728.5-56531.67-331290.4-102649.4134845.3-55555.05-321335.5-92725.5144964.4-54579.19-311381.6-82803.2155085.7-536

14、04.10-301428.9-72882.7165209.3-52629.80-291477.5-62963.6175335.1-51656.30-281527.2-53046.3185463.5-50695.65-271578.3-43130.7195549.2-49711.8-261630.4-33216.7205727.4-48740.9-251683.9-23304.5215863.1-47770.7-241738.5-13394.0226001.4-46801.5-231794.603485.3236142.4-45833.3-221852.013578.4246286.1-4486

15、5.8-211910.623673.3256432.8-43899.4-201970.633769.9266582.1-42933.9-192032.043868.6276734.6-41969.4-182094.853969.1286890.1-401005.9-172159.064071.5297048.9-391043.4-162224.674176.0307210.9-381081.9-152291.784282.4317376.3-371121.5-142360.294390.8(三)工程量值1-3见表14表14性质数值性质数值气体粘度，mPas表面张力，mN/m比热容，kJ/(kg

16、K)CpCv0.0138(0C,0.101MPa)9.13(-25C)(0C,0.101MPa)0.8450.651热导率折射率52.75(0C,0.101Mpa)/W/(mK)1.0004506(0C,O.lOIMPa,久=546.1)表15二氧化碳在0.101325MPa下的导热系数温度C导热系数mW/(mK)温度C导热系数mW/(mK)-78.510.7013.9-14.4-50.511.8表16二氧化碳在不同温度极压力下的导热系数mW/(mK)温度C压力MPa0.10133.0405.0667.09310.13215.19920.265-758.7-5010.7-014.518.3-1

17、10.1112.8115.11015.418.8-104.0107.7110.820.16.019.324.1-97.0102.2106.43016.919.924.031.587.095.8101.24017.720.423.830.068.688.595.95018.520.924.029.044.779.889.910022.324.326.329.033.845.759.915026.327.929.431.434.544.049.420030.131.532.834.436.941.947.325034.035.136.337.739.543.748.130037.939.039.8

18、40.942.746.349.8（四）热力学参数口-3】见表17表17性质数值气体粘度，mPas0.0138(0C,0.101MPa)表面张力，mN/m9.13(-25C)比热容，kJ/（kgK）(0C,0.101MPa)Cp0.845Cv0.651性质数值热导率52.75(0C,0.101Mpa)/W/(mK)折射率1.0004506(0C,O.lOIMPa,久=546.1)表18气体二氧化碳的热容（KJ/KmolC）压力Pa温度025501002003001.013x1055.066x1051.013x1062.533x1065.066x1061.013x1072.027x1073.040

19、 x10736.78139.54643.301103.63394.24889.28684.50437.60039.54642.12252.046106.03995.63538.62839.90441.75348.18261.062120.60640.27641.01441.99245.27451.49743.72044.03044.38945.46747.36452.02661.44146.51546.69546.90447.56448.65251.11855.38158.8554.053x10779.90290.12599.69071.54567.09261.4415.066x10776.0

20、4885.89293.43067.84162.7396.080 x10774.02183.86591.22384.23567.00263.1188.108x10772.18481.65878.53366.12362.8921.013x10871.44580.73186.26174.12164.95662.73983.13670.44764,20677.98165.29574.86063.818（五）溶解度表19C02在水中的溶解度对照表温度Cax102mL/mLqx102g/100g温度Cax102mL/mLqx102g/100g0171.333.461892.817.891164.632.131990.217.372158.430.912