人教版新高考英语二轮复习课件名词、形容词和副词

1、核心语法必备专题三名词、形容词和副词英 语2022高中总复习优化设计GAO ZHONG ZONG FU XI YOU HUA SHE JI内容索引要点精讲破疑解难对点演练精准提升要点精讲破疑解难重点一名词考点1名词的数 1.可数名词中规则的复数变化(1)一般情况下, 在词尾直接加-s: bookbooks, mouthmouths, househouses, girlgirls。(2)以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词, 在词尾加-es: glassglasses, boxboxes, matchmatches, brushbrushes。(3)以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词, 变y为i

2、再加-es: citycities, countrycountries, partyparties, factoryfactories。(4)以-o结尾的名词变为复数时, 常在词尾加-s, 但下列名词要加-es: heroheroes, echoechoes, potatopotatoes, tomatotomatoes。*下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es, 也可以加-s: mosquitomosquitos(mosquitoes), volcanovolcanos(volcanoes)。(5)以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时, 一般需要把f或fe去掉后加-ves: selfselves,

3、 lifelives, thiefthieves, wifewives, knifeknives, leafleaves, shelfshelves, wolfwolves, halfhalves。*下列单词可在其后直接加-s, 如beliefbeliefs, roofroofs等; 下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves, 也可以直接加-s, 如handkerchiefhandkerchiefs(handkerchieves), scarfscarfs(scarves)。2.可数名词中不规则的复数变化 情况例词变内部元音manmen, womanwomen, footfeet, mous

4、emice, goosegeese, toothteeth词尾加-en或-renoxoxen, childchildren单复数同形fish, sheep, deer, means, series,Chinese, Japanese, Swiss3.合成名词的复数变化合成名词在变成复数时, 通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数, 如果没有主体名词, 则将最后一部分变为复数。如 son-in-lawsons-in-law, passer-bypassers-by, grown-upgrown-ups; forget-me-notforget-me-nots。4.常考的不可数名词(1)表示物质的不可

5、数名词: baggage/luggage, cash, meat, paper等。(2)表示抽象概念的不可数名词: work, knowledge, luck, scenery, traffic等。(3)其他常考的重点不可数名词: advice, equipment, fun, furniture, progress, news等。考点2名词的格与名词做定语名词所有格用来表示名词之间的所有关系, 可分为of所有格(如a waste of time浪费时间), s所有格(如the boys book)以及双重所有格(如a friend of my brothers)等。如果不清楚句意和结构, 考

6、生就容易将名词所有格与名词做定语的用法混淆。名词做定语时可以用来修饰另一个名词, 表示材料、类别、用途等, 做定语的名词有以下三种情况: (1)一般用单数形式。如a stone bridge, a meeting room, an exercise book, a shoe shop。(2)man, woman要与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。如a woman teacher, two women teachers。(3)sports, sales, clothes, goods, arts, customs等用复数形式。如a sports club, a goods train, a custo

7、ms officer, a sales manager。重点二形容词和副词考点1形容词和副词的基本用法1.形容词和副词的句法功能词性功能例句形容词在句中做定语、表语、补语和状语(说明主语的状态、性质和特征等)Optimistic, she is the sort of lady to spread sunshine to people through her smile.乐观的她是那种通过微笑把阳光传递给他人的女士。 副词在句中做状语, 修饰动词(短语)、形容词、副词、介词短语和句子等I couldnt find my way out, so I stayed there all along.

8、 我找不到出去的路, 因此我一直待在那里。提示有些副词如fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等做评注性状语时, 往往修饰整个句子, 对整个句子进行说明或解释, 以表示说话人的态度与看法。这类词通常位于句首, 常用逗号与句子分开。Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem.令人惊讶的是, 班里没人能解决这个问题。2.常用的连接性副词(完形填空中常考) though一般用于句末, 意为 “然而, 可是”, 表示转折besid

9、es意为 “此外, 而且”, 表示递进meanwhile意为 “在此期间, 与此同时”, 表示两个动作同时发生however意为 “然而”, 表示让步和转折, 常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开therefore/thus/consequently意为 “因此, 所以”, 表示结果instead意为 “反而, 却”, 表示相反moreover/furthermore/additionally意为 “此外”, 表示承接关系anyway/anyhow意为 “尽管, 即使这样”, 表示让步考点2比较等级的用法高考对形容词和副词比较等级的考查主要体现在两个方面: 一是通过标志词than或表示比较意义的语境推出

10、用比较级或最高级; 二是考查一些固定结构中比较级和最高级的用法。1.比较等级用法的固定句型(1)同级比较: as+形容词/副词的原级+as。其否定形式是 “not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”。Although he was disabled, he tried to lead as normal a life as possible.虽然他是残疾人, 但他尽可能去过正常的生活。(2)比较级结构: 形容词/副词的比较级+than; more/less+多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lo

11、t, a great deal等。The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。(3)最高级结构: the+形容词的最高级(+名词)+比较范围(in/of/among短语); one of the+形容词的最高级+名词复数。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。Jacks parents wanted him to have the best possible education.杰克的父母想让他接受尽可能最好的教育。2.比较级的常用句型(1)结构 “比较

12、级+and+比较级” 或 “more and more+原级” 表示 “越来越”。The tickets are getting less and less expensive here.这里的票越来越便宜了。(2)结构 “the+比较级., the+比较级.” 表示 “越, 就越”。The more you listen and read, the better you write and speak.你听和读得越多, 你写和说得就越好。(3)结构 “the+比较级+of(the)+名词/代词” 表示 “(两者中)较的”。Of the two cameras, I would prefer

13、the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.这两个照相机中, 我更喜欢较小的一个, 它很容易携带。3.比较级形式表达最高级的含义(1)结构 “否定词+比较级” 表示最高级含义。Your story is perfect; Ive never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了, 我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。(2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义: 比较级+than+any other+可数名词单数; 比较级+than+all the other+可数名词复数; 比较级+than+any of

14、 the other+可数名词复数。The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。4.倍数表达法常见的倍数表达句型主要有: (1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B(4)A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句Smoking is harmful to

15、peoples health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.吸烟有害健康, 每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的多7倍。对点演练精准提升.单句语法填空1.This evenings (perform) will begin at 9:00 p.m.2.The ring is one of her most treasured (possession).3.So with a group of (equal) eager young graduates, I went on my journey

16、.4.These parks contribute to a much (good) environment. 5.In fact, many people are willing to pay a little (high) price for the things that are friendly to the environment. performancepossessionsequallybetterhigher6.Jack is the (bright) pupil in the class.7.The airport added staff members to ensure

17、the (safe) of passengers and also released its travel tips recommending passengers to plan ahead to avoid heavy traffic around the holiday.8.People travel to other countries, learn other languages and cultures and gain new (experience).brightestsafetyexperiences.微语法填空1.As a child growing up in Engla

18、nd, James was always (excite) by thunderstorms. Now, he runs straight towards them as a “storm chaser”. Specialising in hurricanes and (volcano), James travels the world to shoot pictures of Earths most extreme weather events. The pictures are used by TV news channels around the world. Its a (danger

19、) job, though. He has almost been hit by flying window frames twice in the past 18 (month). However, he says the chase is always worth it for the places he has been to and the brilliant people he has met along the way.答案 excited解析 设空处在句中做表语, 修饰人, 表示 “激动的; 兴奋的”, 故填形容词excited。 答案 volcanoes解析 根据设空处前面的hurricanes提示可知, 此处应用名词复数, 故填volcanoes。答案 dangerous解析 设空处在句中修饰名词job, 应用形容词做定语, 表示 “危险的”, 故填dangerous。答案 months解析 month是可数名词, 根据空前的18可知, 此处应用名词复数, 故填months。2.For (thousand) of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In ancient China, people rec