《非谓语动词练习》课件

1、非谓语动词练习PPT课件非谓语动词练习PPT课件非谓语动词性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。2a非谓语动词4a过去分词不定式非谓语动词动名词现在分词3a过去分词不定式非谓语动词动名词现在分词5a主语表语宾语定语补语状语 不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词非谓语动词功能比较4a主语表语宾语定语补语状语 不定式 动名词 现在分词 动词不定式的基本形式 主动语态 to do 被动语态一般式进行式完成式to be doneto be doingto have doneto have been do

2、ne5a动词不定式的基本形式 主动语态 动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语 宾语表语 定语 状语 宾补6a动词不定式To do that sort of

3、 thing 不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。 样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。 大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改， 作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 六个感官三使役， 宾补要把to甩开； 疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当； 逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for/of sb. ; to前not是否定， 各种用法区别开。7a 例1： To help each other is good._to help each other.互相帮助是好的。例2：_to understand him.我发现了解他很困难。It is goodI find it difficult8a例1： T

4、o help each other is good不定式在六个感官动词feel, listen to, hear, see, watch, notice, 三个使役动词let, have, make等后作宾补时,to要省略。如例1： Now, let me go.（go前省掉了to）例2：I saw her run into the classroom.（run前的to省掉了）比较She was seen _ the classroom.to run into9a不定式在六个感官动词feel, listen to, hea疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；例1. The farmers didn

5、t know what to do. The farmers didnt know .例2. Please tell me how to get to the zoo. Please tell me .what they should dohow I can get to the zoo10a疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；what they shou不定式在以下形容词后:easy, difficult, hard, heavy,light, cheap, expensive, good, nice, safe, dangerous, important, interesting, pleas

6、ant, (im)possible, fun等。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?这时用主动形式表被动意思。to answerto work11a不定式在以下形容词后:easy, difficult, ha动词不定式省略to 的情况归纳*1 当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是 make, let , have 或 look at , see, watch, observe, hear, listen to, feel 、等，不定式不带to.*2. 在下列结构后 had better

7、, would rather, would ratherthan, cannot but（不得不 ，必然，不能不）, cant help but 等*3. Why. 或 why not 表建议4. 在介词 but , except 之后，如果其前有 实义动词do 的某种形式，不定式不带to,反之须带to .（记忆口诀）*5 不定式作表语时，如果be动词前有do/did/does时，to可以省去。12a动词不定式省略to 的情况归纳*1 当动词不定式作宾语补足语注意1：不定式动词在介词but，except，后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要

8、带to。 She could do nothing but _(cry) I have no choice but _(go) 注意2：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 He is looking for a room _(live) There is nothing (worry)Please give me a knife (cut)cryto goto live into worry aboutto cut with13a注意1：不定式动词在介词but，except，后面时，如果这注意3：当作定语的不定式所修

9、饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。 比较： Have you anything to send? B) Have you anything to be sent?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)14a注意3：当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后面的动词，只保留to 。A:Would you like to co

10、me to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not to ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。注意4：15a 作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去to 后不定式的时态要重视例1 NMET 1997第12题I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to g

11、o B. having gone C. going D. to have goneD 例2 NMET 1999 第14题Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. to have studied B. to studyC. to be study D. to have been studying AD16a不定式的时态要重视例1 NMET 1997第12题I (1)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。 Tom and Martin pretended _

12、their homework when the teacher came into the classroom. （假装正在做作业）(2)如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。 She is said _thirty novels this year.据说她已读了30本小说。 to be doingto have read17a(1)如果谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时，不定式表Tom an不定式的语态不应忽略当不定式的逻辑上的主语是这不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式有两种：一般式和完成式。1.It is an honor for me _to yo

13、ur party. (invite)2.After graduation, he asked _to work in the countryside. (sent)3.This novel was said _into French. (translate)4.He was the first student_by The teacher. (punish)to be invitedto be sentto have been translatedto have been punished18a不定式的语态不应忽略当不定式的逻辑上的主语是这不定式所表示的一、动名词的形式 主动形式被动形式一般式

14、doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done19a一、动名词的形式 主动形式被动形式一般式doingbe巧记跟动名词的口诀：避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习，喜欢想象禁不住，承认否定与妒忌，逃脱冒险莫原谅，忍受保持不在意。avoid,miss,delay; suggest,finish,practice;enjoy,imagine,resist(cant help); admit,deny envy;escape,risk,pardon; stand, keep,mind20a巧记跟动名词的口诀：避免错过少延期， 建议完成多练习，avo注意事项：.

15、注意：动名词（短语）做主语常用于下列结构：a.Its no use sending him over. Its too late already. Its no good talking a lot without doing anything. Its a waste of time arguing about it.b. Theres no joking about such matters. Theres no saying what hell be doing next. Theres no telling what hes going to do.而在Its important /

16、Its necessary 这类句型中，只能用不定式如： Its important to learn foreign languages. Its quite necessary to read it many times.21a注意事项：.注意：动名词（短语）做主语常用于下列结构：而在注意2：在need, want, deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如： The door needs_.(paint)painting / to be painted.22a注意2：在need, want, des

17、erve等后，可用动动名词的完成形式与被动形式 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，如：I regret _her advice.(我后悔没听她的建议） 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式，如：He did it without_.(ask)The little boy didnt mind _(leave)at home.They couldnt stand _(treat)like that.not having takenbeing askedbeing leftbeing treated23a动名词的

18、完成形式与被动形式 如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构。 有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格，不过，这主要用于口语中。如： She wont hear of us leaving the village. Do you object to Li Pings joining the physics group?注：如果不是在句子的开头，这个结构常用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格，如： I dont like the idea

19、 of us / our not helping at all. I dont mind Jane buying another one.注：如果动名词的逻辑主语是表示无生命的东西的名词，或不定代词，就只能用普通格，不能用所有格，如： Is there any hope of your team winning the match? The boy was alarmed by someone knocking at the door.24a动名词的复合结构 动名词的复合结构就是前面带有1.Do you mind opening the door? （我）2. Going there save

20、d us a good deal of trouble. （Tom）3.Being late again made the teacher angry. （他）Do you mind me/my opening Toms going there saved us a good His being late again made25a1.Do you mind opening the door 1. _to the meeting surprised all of the boards. A. Mike coming B. Mike came C. Mike coming D. Mikes co

21、ming 2. Its no use _ that you didnt know the rules. A. you pretend B. you pretending C. your pretending D. your pretend DC26aDC28a动名词与不定式的不同含义：1)be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去 做某事be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现She was afraid _( wake ) her husband up, for he had bad temper.She was afraid _( of wake ) her husba

22、nd, for he was ill. 2) forget, remember, try, mean, stop, . 3)permit, allow, forbid ,advise, admit, to wakeof waking27a动名词与不定式的不同含义：to wakeof waking24)cant help doing sth. cant help (to )do sth. cant help but do sth.不得不，忍不住1.I couldnt help_(think) of my childhood when I saw the picture.2.Im sorry I

23、cant help_(lend) you the money, for Im short of it nowadays.3.I cant help but_(cry).thinkinglendcry情不自禁不能帮忙做.28a4)cant help doing sth.thinkin 分 词分词：分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。分词可分为现在分词、过去分词。29a31a现在分词的基本形式 doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done（只作状语）主动语态被动语态一般式完成式过去分词的基本形式：done30a现在分词的基本形式 doin

24、gbeing donehav 独立主格结构 （ 所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。）A)1. Today _( be ) Sunday, the library doesnt open. =Because today _(be) Sunday, 2. There _( be ) no buses, we had to walk home.beingbeingis31a 独立主格结构beingbeingis33a3. The signal _( give ), the bus started.4. Weather _ ( permit ), w

25、ell visit the Great Wall.5. A teacher from England _( teach ) us English, were sure to learn it well.6. With him _( give ) us a lead, our team is to win.7. With the worker _ ( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.8.he went home with his work _(f

26、inish). givenpermittingteachinggivingleadingfinished32a3. The signal _( give ), t9. 他迟到了,老师很生气.(用动名词的复合结构)（作主语）_(用分词的独立结构)His being late made the teacher angry.The teacher was angry at his /him being late.He being late, the teacher was angry.33a9. 他迟到了,老师很生气.(用动名词的复合结构)(用分词的作表语（1）动名词My job is teachi

27、ng. = Teaching is my job.Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs is her full-time job.（2）现在分词The play is exciting. Exciting is the play.The story he told us was very interesting. Interesting was the story he told us.动名词作表语是对主语内容的解释.现在分词作表语则表示主语的性质与特征,也可以表示进行与主动.34a作表语（1）动名词（2）现在分词动名词作表语是对主语内容的

28、解a washing machine a machine for washinga swimming pool a pool for swimming This is a new washing machine. 作定语性质或用途。动名词作定语表示_35a作定语性质或用途。动名词作定语表示_作定语现在分词作定语表示_.如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，就放在被修饰的名词之后。a developing country a country which is developinga sleeping boy a boy who is sleepingThe man talking with

29、 my father is Mr. Wang.China is a developing country.动作正在进行。36a作定语现在分词作定语表示_.如果eg.He attends the meeting _in the room now. He attended the meeting _yesterday. （hold） He will attend the meeting _tomorrow.1.从时态上看，现在分词表示正在进行的动作 过去分词表示已经完成的动作，to do表示将来的动作。定语being heldheldto be held37aeg.He attends the m

30、eeting _eg. I found him cooking supper. I found supper cooked when I got home. It is true I saw Henry cook supper.现在分词与宾语为主动关系，强调动作正在进行；过去分词与宾语为被动关系，强调动作已经完成；to do只单纯表示一个事实，强调动作的全过程。补语38aeg. I found him cooking supper作状语时的区别：分词 表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等,They worked hard to pay for the necklace. I went to

31、 see him only to find him out. to do表示1.目的; 2.结果表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用only强调。目的结果现在分词doing表示自然而然的结果1. He returned home _( find ) the house broken into.2.His father died, _( leave ) him nothing but debts.to findleaving39a作状语时的区别：分词 表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A

32、.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.When and where to build the new power station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing?A. thisB. thatC. it D. heNon-infinitive BCC40a1._is a good of exercise f4.Our father often told us

33、 in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.working41a4.Our

34、father often told us in 7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments? A.there B.it C.this D.that10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light.

35、 A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed42a7.She reached the top of the h11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never rive12.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood. A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow13. Believe it or not, he was seen_upstairs just now. A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go43a11Mrs.Smith warned her husban14. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. burned15. The murderer was bro