2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号99

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国地质大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

TherewasonethingthatshockedmeabouttheQueenwhenhewalkedintotheroomwithMrs.Obama,namelyherheight;theBritishmonarchisonly163cmtall,muchshorterthanIhadimagined.

问题1选项

A.shockedmeabout

B.whenhewalkedintothe

C.namely

D.hadimagined.

E.没有问题

【答案】B

【解析】人称代词误用。he改为she。句中queen（女王）指的是女性。

2.填空题

How（

）doyoutraveltoShanghaionbusiness?

【答案】ofen。

【解析】常用语。Howofen多久一次。

3.填空题

“Dida”is（1）peopleusuallycallthisuniversity.（

2）itisacomprehensiveuniversity,theearthsciencesarestillitsmainresearchfocus.Thereis（3）universityassociatedwithit,inWuhan.

【答案】1.what

2.Although

3.another

【解析】1.语法题。what在此处引导表语从句,在从句中充当宾语。

2.逻辑分析。由后句的still(仍然)推测前后句为让步关系。

3.语义题。句意:武汉还有一所与之相关的大学。

4.单选题

WhenthepeopleatthefrontdeskofthehotelneartheoilfiledheardthatmycolleagueandIwerefromChina,theyletuspayahigherpriceforourroomsthanlocalpeople.

问题1选项

A.thepeopleatthefrontdesk

B.neartheoilfiled

C.letuspay

D.forourroomsthanlocalpeople

E.没有错误

【答案】C

【解析】短语辨析。let改为make。letsb.do侧重表示“允许做某事”,而句中侧重表示"让做某事，使做某事"。makesb.do使做某事。

5.单选题

Finallyheloweredhisevesinashowofrespectandsaid,"Thatroomisreservedforhonoredguestsfromrichcountries."IwassoshockingthatIdidn'tknowhowtoreply.

问题1选项

A.loweredhisevesin

B.ashowofrespect

C.honoredguests

D.wassoshocking

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】形容词误用。shocking改为shocked。句意:最后，他目光低垂以表尊敬，并且说:"那个房间时专门招待富裕国家的尊客。"我感到非常震惊,以至于不知道如何回答。shocking令人震惊的。shocked感到震惊的。

6.填空题

WhenIwasinprimaryschool,（1）teacherwasfemale(thisincluded

（2）theoneswhocoachedourfootball),butstartinginmyseventhyearofschoolIhadoccasional（3）instructorstoo.

【答案】1.every

2.even

3.male

【解析】1.语义题。Every每一个。

2.逻辑衔接。此句表示让步,因此用even。

3.语义题。Male男性的。

7.填空题

Thismanclaimsthathe’sfromBeijing,buthespeakswithastrongsouthern（1）It’sobviousthatheisjust（2）tobefromBeijing.I（3

）wherehe’sreallyfrom.

句意:这个人声称自己来自北京，但他说话时却带浓重的南方口音。很明显，他说自己来自北京是在撒谎。我想知道他真正来自何处。

【答案】1.accent

2.lying

3.wonder

【解析】1.语义题。口音用“accent”。

2.固定搭配。Lietosb.对某人撒谎。这里用其现在进行时lying。

3.语义题。Iwonder我想知道。

8.单选题

Lateron,inthebarourEuropeanacquaintancecommentedthatwewereindeedconsiderablybetteroffthanthelocalpeople---thoughperhapsnotthreetimesaswelloff,whichiswhatthedifferenceinroompricessuggested.

问题1选项

A.Lateron

B.considerablybetteroff

C.notthreetimesaswell

D.differenceinroompricessuggested.

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。时态错误。Suggested改为Suggests。Whichiswhatthedifferenceinroompricessuggested,这是一个定语从句,其中又有一个表语从句。定语从句中的系动词is是一般现在时,因此表语从句中的谓语动词也应该为现在时,即suggests。

9.填空题

Lastyearthedirectorofourcompanywasaccused（1）corruptionandarrested.Athis（2）threeseniorgovernment（3）testifiedthathehadattemptedtobribethem.Intheendhewasfoundguiltyandsentencedtofifteenyearsin（4）.

【答案】of;trial;officials;prison

【解析】句意:去年，我们公司的董事被控告贪污而被捕。在审判中，三名政府官员举证其试图贿赂他们。最终他被判有罪，判处入狱十五年。

1.固定搭配。beaccusedof被控告。

2.语义题。根据后面的testified（举证）推测此时场景为审判时,故填trail。

3.语义题。根据后面的bribe(贿赂)可以推断出贿赂的对象一般是指“政府官员”，填officials。

4.语义题。句意为:判处入狱十五年。

10.填空题

WhenIwasyoungIalways（1）tobecomeascientist,butattheageof18I（2）myparents'adviceanddecidedtostudylawinstead.NowadaysIthinkthiswasamistake.WhenIlookbackonmylife,I（3）mydecision.（4）,theseisnothingthatIcandoaboutitnow.

【答案】1.wanted

2.took

3.regret

4.unfortunately

【解析】1.语义题。句意:在我年轻时，我经常想成为科学家。

2.固定搭配。Takesomeone’sadvice听从某人建议

3.语义题。空格前“mistake错误”一词可推测此处句意为:当我回顾我的人生时，我后悔我的决定。

4.语义题。句意:遗憾的是现在我不能为我的决定做任何事情。

11.单选题

ManysocialobserversinChinaareconcernedthatchildrengrowingupinvillagesawayfromtheirmotherandfatherlackofparentalloveandmayhavetroublebecomingresponsibleadultsastheyentertheirtwenties.

问题1选项

A.areconcernedthat

B.lackofparentallove

C.troublebecoming

D.astheyentertheirtwenties

E.没有错误

【答案】B

【解析】动词误用。Lack后面去掉of。动词lack(缺乏)为及物动词,可以直接作谓语动词,不需要加介词of。

12.单选题

ThankstosomehelpfromprofessorsattheuniversityinCanberra，theAustralianauthoritiesarelettingmetobringmybiologicalsamplesintothecountrywithouttheusualthree-week

quarantine.

问题1选项

A.Thankstosomehelpfrom

B.attheuniversityinCanberra

C.arelettingmetobring

D.three-week

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。C项中去掉to。Letsb.dosth.为固定搭配。

13.填空题

Howareyourweddingplansgoing?

I’d（1）nottalkaboutthem,ifyoudon't（2）.

Oh,Pmsorry,Ididn’tmeantopry

句意:

你的婚礼筹备的怎么样了？

如果你不介意的话，我宁愿不讨论这个。

哦，不好意思啊，我不是想要打听的。

【答案】1.rather

2.mind

【解析】1.固定搭配。I'drathernot我宁可不。

2.固定搭配。ifyoudon'tmind如果你不介意的话。

14.单选题

HeradvisorpersuadedhertoremainatNanjingUniversitytodoherdoctorate,butshedecidedtoapplytothepostgraduatedivisionoftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

问题1选项

A.persuaded

B.todoherdoctorate

C.applyto

D.oftheChineseAcademyofSciencesinstead.

E.没有问题

【答案】C

【解析】固定短语误用。applyto改为applyfor。applyto适用于…，应用于…。applyfor申请,请求。题干意思事"申请中国科学院的研究生”，故需要改为applyfor。

15.单选题

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007，herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes，”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor，“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything，”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth（

）.

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook（

）.

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle（

）

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat（

）.

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings（

）.

问题1选项

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

问题2选项

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

问题3选项

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

问题4选项

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

问题5选项

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段提到了为证实友谊对健康的益处所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(总的来说，友谊在我们生活中的作用并没有得到重视)。故选C:长期以来被科学家忽视,尽管在过去一些年中有做一些相关研究。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(几乎在每一章中，友谊对他们健康和福祉的作用都是显而易见的)。故选D。

3.细节事实题。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(虽然许多对友谊的研究关注的是女性之间的亲密关系，但一些研究表明，男性也可以从中受益),故选D。

4.观点态度题。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo认为在许多研究中，友谊对健康的影响比配偶或家庭成员更大)。故选B:对于健康而言,朋友可能比有亲戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判断题。第六段讲的是友谊对于健康的益处。

16.填空题

（1）ofaseriesofunforeseenproblems,ProfessorBandiniandhisresearchgroupdon’thave（2）moneytofinishtheircurrentproject.Bandinihas（3）totheministryfor（4）funds.

【答案】1.Because

2.enough

3.appliedto

4.more

【解析】1.固定搭配。Becauseof因为。

2.语义题。enough足够的。

3.固定搭配。applyto申请

4.语义题。More更多的

17.单选题

TheEarth'satmosphererecordedthehugedeclineinthepopulationoftheWesternHemisphereinthe150yearsfollowingthearrivalofColumbusfromSpainin1492.Soldiers,officials,settlersandmerchantsfromEurasiaandslavesfromAfricaunwittinglyintroducedcommondiseasessuchassmallpox(天花)，measles(麻疹)andinfluenzatowhichtheinhabitantsoftheAmericaspossessednoimmunity.Scholarlyestimatesofthetotalnumberofdeathsfromdiseasevarywidely,butthenumbermayhaveexceeded50millionandcertainlywipedout75%ormoreofnativeAmericans.Thisrapiddepopulationofthehemisphereallowedforeststogrowinformerfarmlands.By1610thegrowthofallthosetreeshadsuckedenoughcarbondioxide(CO2)outoftheskytocauseadropofatleastsevenpartspermillioninatmosphericconcentrationsofthemostprominentgreenhousegasandstartalittleiceage.

Basedonthatdramaticshift,SimonLewisandMarkMaslin,BritishecologistsworkingatUniversityCollegeLondon,believe1610shouldbeconsideredthestartingdateofanewgeologicepochcurrentlyunderdiscussionamongearthscientists:theAnthropocene,orrecentageofhumanity.LewisandMaslindubthedecreaseinatmosphericcarbondioxidethe’’OrbisSpike"fromtheLatinforworld,becausesince1492humancivilizationhasprogressivelyglobalized.InapaperpublishedthismonthinNature,theyarguethathumanimpactsontheplanethavebeendramaticenoughtowarrantformalrecognitionoftheAnthropoceneepochandthattheOrbisSpikeshouldserveasthemarkerofitsopening.

TheAnthropoceneisnotanewidea.Asfarbackasthe18thcenturythefirstscientificattempttolayoutachronologyofEarth’sgeologichistoryendedwithahumanepoch.Bythe19thcenturytheideawascommonplace,appearingastheAnthropozoic("humanliferocks")orthe'*EraofMan"ingeologytextbooks.Butbythemiddleofthe20thcentury,theideaoftheHolocene(thetermmeans"entirelyrecent"inGreekdesignatesthemostrecentperiod,datingfrom11,700yearsago,whentheglaciers(冰河)ofthelasticeagereceded)hadcometodominate,recognizinghumansasanimportantelementofthecurrentepoch,butnotthedefiningone.

Thatideaisnolongeradequate,accordingtoscientistsrangingfromgeologiststoclimatologists.Humanimpactshavesimplygrowntoolarge:somescientistspointtothefloodofnitrogen(N)releasedintotheworldbytheinventionoftheHaber-Boschprocess

forwrestingthevitalnutrientfromtheairtosupportagriculture,othersemphasizethefactthatmodempeoplenowmovemoreearthandstonethanalltheworld’sriversputtogether.

Researchershaveadvancedanarrayofproposalsforwhenthisputativenewepochmighthavebegun.Somelinkittothestartofthemassextinctionoflargemammals（卩甫孚L动物）suchaswoollymammothsandgiantkangaroossome50,000yearsagoortheadventofagriculturearound10,000yearsago.OtherssaytheAnthropoceneismuchmorerecentandtothebeginningoftheuptickinatmosphericCO2concentrationsaftertheinventionofaneffectivecoal-burningsteamengine.

ThemostprominentcurrentproposalconnectsthedawnoftheAnthropocenetothatofthenuclearage:long-lobedradionuclide（放射性同位素）leavealong-livedrecordintherock.Theboominhumanpopulationandconsumptionofeverythingfromcoppertomaize（玉米）after1950orso,knownasthe"GreatAcceleration",roughlycoincideswiththisnuclearmarker.Sodoestheadventofplasticsandotherremnantsofindustrialsociety,dubbed”technofossils"byJanZalasiewiczoftheUniversityofLeicester,thegeologistwhoheadsthegroupthatispushingforadditionoftheAnthropocenetothestandardgeologictimescale.TheradionuclidescanthenserveaswhatgeologistscallaGlobalStratotypeSectionandPoint,morecommonlyknownasa“goldenspike.”Perhapsthemostfamoussuchgoldenspikeisthethinlayerofiridium（Ir）afoundinpockexposednearElKef,Tunisia;itpinpointstheasteroidimpactthatterminatedtheageofthedinosaursandendedtheCretaceousabout65millionyearsago.

LewisandMaslinrejectthisradionuclidespikebecauseitisnottiedtoa*'world-changingevent"--atleastnotyet—althoughitisaclearsignalintherock.Ontheotherhand,theirOrbisSpikein1610reflectsboththemostrecentCO2lowpointandtheredistributionofplantsandanimalsaroundtheworldassociatedwiththeAgeofDiscoveryandtheriseofworldempires,atruechangingoftheworld.Muchlikethegoldenspikethatmarkstheendofthedinosaurs,theproposedOrbisSpikeitselfwouldbetiedtothelowpointofatmosphericCO?concentrationsaround1610,asrecordedinicecores,wheretinytrappedbubblesbetraypastatmospheres.FurthergeologicevidencewillcomefromtheappearanceofmaizepolleninsedimentcorestakeninEuropeandAsiaatthattime,amongotherindicatorsthatwillcomplementtheCO2record.Therefore,scientistslookingaticecores,mudorevenrockwillfindthisepochalshiftinthefuture.

TheCO2dropcoincideswithwhatclimatologistscalltheLittleIceAge.Thatcoolingeventmayhavebeentiedtoregeneratedforestsandotherplantsgrowingonsome50millionhectaresoflandabandonedbyhumansafterthemassdeathbroughtonbydiseaseandwarfare,LewisandMaslinsuggest.Anditwasn'tjustthedeathofmillionsofaboriginalAmericans.Theenslavement（ordeath）ofmanymillionsofAfricansforlaborinthenewlandsmayalsohaveaddedtotheclimateimpact.ThepopulationoftheregionsofwesternAfricamostaffectedbytheNewWorldslavetradedidnotbegintorecoveruntiltheendofthe19thcentury.Inotherwords,from1600to1900areasofthatregionmayhavebeenregrowingforest,enoughtoreduceatmosphericCO?,justliketheregrowthoftheAmazonandthegreatNorthAmericanwoods,althoughthishypothesisremainsinsomedispute.

Howeverdelimited,thenewdesignationwouldmeanwearelivinginanew

Anthropoceneepoch,partoftheQuaternaryperiod,whichstartedmore2.5millionyearsagowiththeadventofthecyclicalgrowthandretreatofmassiveglaciers.TheQuaternaryispartoftheCenozoic("recentlife”)erathatbegan66millionyearsagoandis,inturn,partofthePhanerozoic("revealedlife")eon,whichstarted541millionyearsagoandencompassesallofcomplexlifethathaseverlivedonthisplanet.Intheend,theAnthropocenemightsupplanttheHolocene."Itisdesignatedanepoch,unlikeotherinterglacial,becausebackinthe18thcenturygeologiststhoughthumanswereaveryrecentspecies,arrivingviadivineinterventionorevolvingonEarthintheHolocene,*'Lewisargues,butscientistsnowknowHomosapiensarosemorethan200,000yearsagointhePleistoceneepoch."HumansareaPleistocenespecies,so...callingtheHoloceneanepochisarelicofthepast."MaslinsuggestsdowngradingtheHolocenetoastagwithinthePleistocene,likeotherinterglacialspansinthegeologicrecord.ButZalasiewiczdisagreeswiththisbidtogetridoftheHolocene.*'Idon’tseetheneed,"hesays,"systematictracingofaHolocene-Anthropoceneboundarygloballywouldbeilluminatinginallsortsofways."

1.ThescientistscitedinthisarticleagreethathumanshavebecomeamajorfactorinthehistoryofEarth.Asthearticlehighlights,whattheydisagreeonis（

）

2.EuropeanpenetrationoftheNewWorldinthecenturyandahalfafter1492ledto（

）

3.Thedeclineinatmosphericcarbondioxidethatreacheditslowpointinoraround1610was（

）

4.ThescientifichypothesisthathumanitycanalterthehistoryofEarthinhighlysignificantways（

）

5.TheOrbisSpikeproposedbyLewisandMaslinwouldbemostreliablylocatedin（

）

6.Radionuclidescanbelikenedtoiridium（

）

7.SomescientiststhinkthatradionuclidesarethekeytodefiningtheAnthropocenebecause（

）

8.ProfessorZalasiewiczprobablyfavorsretainingthedistinctionbetweentheHoloceneandtheAnthropocenebecausetracingitsboundary（

）

问题1选项

A.theextenttowhichhumansarealteringEarth.

B.preciselywhenhumanactivitybecameadefiningelementinEarth'shistory.

C.whattonametheperiodofmajorhumanimpact.

D.whenhumanactivitywillbecomethedominantfactorinchangesintheEarth.

问题2选项

A.massivedepopulation.

B.widespreadcontagiousdisease.

C.greatlyreduceduseoflandforagriculture.

D.alloftheabove.

问题3选项

A.asingular,isolatedeventthatleftadiscerniblemarkingeochronoloy.

B.thefirstofalongchainofeventsthatchangedthewayhumansinteractwithnature.

C.theresult(andsignal,asreflectedingeology)ofthefirstinasignificantsetofmodemchangesinhowhumansuseplanetaryresources.

D.thecauseofanewiceageonaparwiththosethatprecededtheHolocene.

问题4选项

A.hasrecentlyre-emergedandgainedsupportafterfadinginthe20thcentury.

B.isstillsupportedbyonlyasmallnumberofresearchersintheearthsciencestoday.

C.wasrejectedasabsurdbypioneeringgeologistsinthe1700s.

D.isweakenedbythecontinuinglackofevidencethatcanbeusedtosupportit,muchletconfirmit.

问题5选项

A.samplesofArcticice,butnotAntarcticice

B.samplesofArcticandAntarcticice.

C.treeringsfromtemperateforests.

D.alluvialsediments,mostobviouslyfromtheMississippiandAmazonbasins.

问题6选项

A.becauseofthesimilarityintheirbasicchemistry.

B.asphysicalindicatorsofaboundaryinEarth’schronology.

C.asthecauseofvastchangesintheearthlyenvironment.

D.askeycomponentsinthetechnofossilsnowproliferatinginthegeologicalrecord.

问题7选项

A.nuclearexplosionsdidenormousdamagetotheearthlyenvironment.

B.theyhavealonghalf-lifethatmeanstheywillcontinuetobeusefulformanycenturies.

C.theyprovideatemporalmarkerreliablycorrelatedwithamassivehistoricalincreaseinthehumanimpactonourplanet.

D.theycontributedgreatlytothevastincreaseinthehumanimpactonEarthinthemid-20thcentury.

问题8选项

A.willallowgeologiststocreateamoresubtlepictureoftheinterglacialsthatareacrucialfeatureoftheclimateonEarth,

B.willforcegeologiststothinkmoredeeplyabouttherelationbetweenclimatechangeandplanetaryhistory.

C.willreducethesupportforusinglessplausibleindicatorstodefinegeochronologicalboundaries.

D.willrevealsomeimportantthingsaboutushumansaswellasabouttheclimateandhistoryoftheplanet

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干：文章引用的科学家同意人类在地球历史中的主要作用。正如文章强调的，他们有争议的是……。根据文章大意可知B项“具体什么时候人类活动开始成为地球历史上的一个决定性/确定性因素”，此表述过于绝对。故选B。

2.细节事实题。题干：1492年后的一个半世纪中，欧洲的侵入导致了…。第1段指出:TheEarth'satmosphererecordedthehugedeclineinthepopulationoftheWesternHemisphereinthe150yearsfollowingthearrivalofColumbusfromSpainin1492.Soldiers,officials,roducedcommondiseasessuchassmallpox（天花），measles（瘾疹）and

influenza；Thisrapiddepopulationofthehemisphereallowedforeststogrowinformerfarmlands(1492年，随着从西班牙来的哥伦布的到来，往后一个半世纪中，地球大气记载了西半球人口的巨幅下降；战士，官员，移民，商人等染上了疾病，比如天花，麻疹和流感；这种迅速的人口降低使得森林/丛林在之前的农地中生长),所以欧洲侵入导致了人口下降,疾病传染以及农用地的荒废。故选D。

3.推理判断题。根据题干关键词carbondioxide以及1610定位至第二段:Basedonthatdramaticshift,SimonLewisandMarkMaslin,BritishecologistsworkingatUniversityCollegeLondon,believe1610shouldbeconsideredthestartingdateofanewgeologicepochcurrentlyunderdiscussionamongearthscientists:theAnthropocene,orrecentageofhumanity(基于此巨大转变，英国生态学家认为1610应该被认为是新地质时代的一个开端期：人类世或人类新时代。因此，二氧化碳降低到约1610时，它是一个人类地质时代的划分)。故选A:是一个单独的事件，这在地球年代学中留下了明显的标志。

4.推理判断题。第三段指出:Butbythemiddleofthe20thcentury,theideaoftheHolocene(...)hadcometodominate,recognizinghumansasanimportantelementofthecurrentepoch,butnotthedefiningone(但是，在20世纪中期，全新世的概念占到主导地位，即将人视为当前时代中重要的因素，但是不是决定性的因素),下一段指出:Thatideaisnolongeradequate,accordingtoscientistsrangingfromgeologiststoclimatologists.Humanimpactshavesimplygrowntoolarge...(这个观点已不再适用，根据地质学家和气候学家的观点，人类影响简直太强大了……),故选A:20世纪，在消退后最近又重新出现并且获得支持。

5.推理判断题。根据题干关键词OrbisSpike定位至第八段:TheCO2dropcoincideswithwhatclimatologistscalltheLittleIceAge....ThepopulationoftheregionsofwesternAfricamostaffectedbytheNewWorldslavetradedidnotbegintorecoveruntiltheendofthe19thcentury.Inotherwords,from1600to1900areasofthatregionmayhavebeenregrowingforest,enoughtoreduceatmosphericCO2,justliketheregrowthoftheAmazonandthegreatNorthAmericanwoods,althoughthishypothesisremainsinsomedispute(二氧化碳的下降与气候学家所称的“LittleIceAge”同时发生。……直到19世纪，受新世界奴隶贸易影响的西部非洲区域的人口才开始恢复状态。也就是说，从1600-1900,该区域可能一直有重新生长的森林，足以减少大气中的二氧化碳，比如亚马逊的再生长，北美的木材，尽管这个假设存在争议)，因此,OrbisSpike即二氧化碳的降低最可能发生在D项：冲积沉积物，最明显来自密西西比和亚马逊河流域。

6.细节事实题。根据题干定位至第六段:TheradionuclidescanthenserveaswhatgeologistscallaGlobalStratotypeSectionandPoint,morecommonlyknownasa“goldenspike.”Perhapsthemostfamoussuchgoldenspikeisthethinlayerofiridium(Ir)afoundinpockexposednearElKef,Tunisia;(放射性核素可以作为地质学家所谓的全球层型剖面和点，通常被称为“金尖峰”。也许最著名的金尖峰是在突尼斯埃尔克夫附近的洞穴中发现的薄薄的铱层（Ir）)。因此，D项“在地质