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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国民航大学考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题
ForalargenumberofyoungadultsinBritainhomeownershiphasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttoachieve,viewedasadistantgoalattainableonlylaterinlife,ifatall.
ThatisasignificantshiftinBritain.ForyearsownersoccupyahigherpercentageofhomesinBritainthanintheUnitedStates,France,orGermany.OnereasonhomeownershipissoattractiveinBritainisbecausepropertyvaluesdroppedlessdrasticallythanintheUnitedStates,inpartbecauseofashortageinhousing.Pricesinsomelargecities,includingLondon,haveevenincreasedrecently.Peoplestillperceiveahometobeabetterandsaferinvestmentthanapensionfund,saidAndrewHull,researchfellowattheInstituteforPublicPolicyResearch.“Homeownershipisalsoculturallyentrenched,”hesaid.“Owningahomeisthemainwayofshowingyoumadeit.”
Thebigshifttowardhomeownershipcameinthe1980swhenMrs.Thatcherissuedright-to-buypolicy,whichallowedmanyinrentedgovernmenthousingtobuytheirhomes.Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.Atthesametime,therentalmarketbecameincreasinglyunattractive.UnlikeGermanyandotherContinentalEuropeancountries,Britain’sprivaterentalmarketishighlyfragmented,withmanylandlordsandlawsthatgenerallyfavorthepropertyowner.Mostleasesareforsixmonthsonly,withlandlordsrarelyagreeingtocommittolongerterms;thismakesrentinghighlyinsecure.
Butasthepainofgovernment-imposedausteritysinksindisposableincomehasshrunkandloanrequirementhavetoughened,forcingmoreandmoreBritonsintorentingratherthanbuying.Overthelast10yearsthenumberofpeoplewhoownedhomesheredroppedto67percentfrom70percent.Meanwhile,thenumberofpeopleinprivaterentedhouseroseto16percentfrom10percentoverthesameperiod,accordingtotheOfficeforNationalStatistics.Risingdemandhaspusheduprentsbyanaverageof4.4percentoverthelastyear,accordingtoLSLPropertyService.InLondonrentsincreased7.8percent.
“Agrowingnumberofyoungwould—bebuyersarepreparingforlifelong-renting—bynecessityratherthanchoice,”saidJonathanMoore,directorofeasyroommate.co.uk,apropertyWebsite.CharlotteAshton,30,haslivedinrentedaccommodationseversincesheleftherparent’shometoattenduniversity.Shesaidshewassavingforadownpaymenttobuyherownhome.“Idobelieveinthefundamentalsofowningbricksandmortarassecurityforthefuture,morethanleavingmymoneyinthebanksasalowinterestrate”,saidMs.Ashton,whoworksinpublicrelations.“Butnowitseemsunlessyouhaveaverywellpaidjobandarewillingtosaveeverypenny,it’sunfeasibletobuywithoutthehelpofthebankofMumandDad.”
Someeconomistsareconcernedthatasmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners,endangeringtheretirementprospectsforaswellinggroupofyoungadultstheycall“generationrent.”Itcouldalsohaveimplicationsforthecohesionofneighborhoods,AlisonBlackwell,aresearchdirectorattheNationalCenterforSocialResearchandauthoroftheHalifaxreportsaid.Renterstendtobelessinvolvedinlocalcommunitiesbecausetheyareforcedtomovemoreoften.Andtheeconomyasawholemaysufferbecauserenterstendtocurbspendingtosaveforadeposit.
36.ForBritishpeople,buyinghouseis________.
37.Mrs.Thatcher’sright-to-buypolicyhasledto________.
38.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutGenerationRentistrue?
39.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.
40.Morepeople’sinclinationtorentratherthanbuyahousewillnot________.
问题1选项
A.adistantgoal
B.asymbolofsuccess
C.acompulsorychoice
D.nothingbutaninvestment
问题2选项
A.thehomeownershipbust
B.theeconomicrecovery
C.thehomeownershipboom
D.theeconomicrecession
问题3选项
A.Theyconsiderrentingasalifelongplanratherthanatemporarychoice.
B.Theyareinfaceofeconomicdownturnandariskofearlyretirement.
C.Theydespisetheideaofaskingparentsformoneytobuyhouse.
D.Theystillbelieveintheblessingofhousejustliketheirpreviousgeneration.
问题4选项
A.therentalmarketandthebuyingmarketalwaysdevelopinreversedirection
B.itisimpossibleforthefirst-timebuyerstogetamortgageundercurrenteconomicsituation
C.buyinghouseisamoreprofitableinvestmentthanbuyingfundundercurrenteconomicsituation
D.Britain’srealestatemarketislessvolatilethanthatofotherEuropeancountries
问题5选项
A.enlargethewealthdisparitybetweenthehavesandhavenots
B.reducetherenter’scommitmenttothecommunity
C.slowtherecoveryofeconomy
D.curbsocialmobility
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:D
【解析】36.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句Owningahomeisthemainwayofshowingyoumadeit.(拥有房子是证明成功的主要方式。),可知B选项“成功的象征”正确。A选项“遥远的目标”:根据第一段第一句ForalargenumberofyoungadultsinBritainhomeownershiphasbecomeincreasinglydifficulttoachieve,viewedasadistantgoalattainableonlylaterinlife,ifatall.(对于英国的很多年轻人来说,拥有住房变得越来越难,这被视为一个遥远的目标,如果能实现,也是在晚年。),可知这是对于英国年轻人来说而不是普遍的英国人,故错误。C选项“必须的选择”:文章没有提到,故错误。D选项“除了投资,什么用处都没有”:Peoplestillperceiveahometobeabetterandsaferinvestmentthanapensionfund(人们仍认为住房是比养老基金更好、更安全的投资选择),这里没有说买房只有投资这一个用处,故错误。因此B选项正确。
37.事实细节题。根据第三段第一、二句Mrs.Thatcherissuedright-to-buypolicy…Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.(撒切尔夫人颁布了购房权政策……大约售出了200万套房子,收入达数百亿英镑。),可知撒切尔夫人的政策促进许多人买房,所以C选项“很多人买房”正确,A选项“不能买房”错误。B选项“经济复苏”和D选项“经济衰退”:文章没有提到,故错误。因此C选项正确。
38.事实细节题。根据第六段第一句Someeconomistsareconcernedthatasmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners,endangeringtheretirementprospectsforaswellinggroupofyoungadultstheycall“generationrent.”(一些经济学家担心,随着越来越多的人被迫等待买房,可能会扩大房主和非房主之间已经存在的贫富差距,危及日益壮大的被他们称为“租房一代”的年轻人的退休前景),可知租房一代手里可能会更没有钱,退休也会受到影响,所以B选项“他们面临着经济水平下降和提前退休的风险”正确;他们被迫等待着买房,说明还是想要快一点买到房,故A选项“他们认为租房是一生的计划,而不是暂时的选择”错误。C选项“他们鄙视向父母借钱买房的想法”和D选项“他们像上一辈一样仍然相信房子带来的荣誉”:文章没有提到,故错误。因此B选项正确。
39.推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句Abouttwomillionhomesweresold,earningthegovernmenttensofbillionsofpounds.Atthesametime,therentalmarketbecameincreasinglyunattractive.(大约200万套房子被售出,收入达数百亿英镑。与此同时,租赁市场变得越来越缺乏吸引力。)和第四段第二、三句thenumberofpeoplewhoownedhomesheredroppedto67percentfrom70percent.Meanwhile,thenumberofpeopleinprivaterentedhouseroseto16percentfrom10percentoverthesameperiod(拥有住房的人数从70%下降到了67%。同时,私人租房的人数从10%上升到了16%。),可知买房和租房的此消彼长,所以A选项“租赁市场和购买市场总是朝着相反的方向发展”正确。B选项“在目前的经济形势下,首次购房者不可能获得抵押贷款”,C选项“在目前的经济形势下,买房是比买基金更有利可图的投资”和D选项“英国的房地产市场比其他欧洲国家的不稳定”:文章没有提到,故错误。因此A选项正确。
40.推理判断题。根据第六段倒数第二句Renterstendtobelessinvolvedinlocalcommunitiesbecausetheyareforcedtomovemoreoften.(租房者往往较少参与当地社区,因为他们被迫搬家更频繁。),频繁搬家不会抑制社会流动性,所以D选项“抑制社会流动性”正确。A选项“扩大富人和穷人之间的财富差距”:根据第六段第一句asmorepeopleareforcedtowaittobuyahome,itcouldopenupawideningofthewealthgapthatalreadyexistsbetweenhomeownersandnonhomeowners(随着越来越多的人被迫等待买房,可能会扩大房主和非房主之间已经存在的贫富差距)可知更多人租房会这会拉大贫富差距,符合文章内容,故错误。B选项“削弱租赁者对社区的承诺”:根据第六段第二句Itcouldalsohaveimplicationsforthecohesionofneighborhoods(这还可能对社区的凝聚力产生影响),可知更多人租房会降低社区凝聚力,符合文章内容,故错误。C选项“减缓经济复苏”:根据第六段最后一句Andtheeconomyasawholemaysufferbecauserenterstendtocurbspendingtosaveforadeposit.(而且,由于租房者倾向于节省开支以支付押金,所以整体经济可能会受到影响。),可知更多人租房会减缓经济发展,符合文章内容,故错误。因此D选项正确。
2.单选题
Outsidemyofficewindowthereisafire(
)ontheright.
问题1选项
A.escape
B.ladder
C.steps
D.stairs
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我办公室的窗外右侧有一个安全出口。
固定搭配。四个选项中常与fire搭配使用的是escape;fireescape意为“防火安全楼梯,安全出口”。
3.单选题
Thevolcanolaid(
)now,butwefeltsureitwoulderuptagainwithintheyear.
问题1选项
A.inactive
B.slack
C.elevated
D.inattentive
【答案】A
【解析】形容词辨析题。inactive“不活动的,不活跃的”;slack“懒惰的,懈怠的”;elevate“举起,提起”;inattentive“不注意的,漫不经心的”;根据句意‘尽管火山目前是(
)状态,但是我们确信今年它会再次喷发。’确定A选项正确。
4.单选题
TransWorldAirlines(TWA)wascriticizedfortryingtocoverupthetruthratherthanpromptlynotifyingvictims’families.
问题1选项
A.briefly
B.quickly
C.accurately
D.earnestly
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A.briefly简略地B.quickly迅速地
C.accurately准确地D.earnestly真诚地
【考查点】副词辨析
【解题思路】划线词是用来修饰“通知遇难者家属(notifyingvictims’families)”,根据句意,航空公司因没有这么做而受到批评。根据常识,发生空难后正确的做法应该是“迅速通知家属”。B选项“迅速地”符合原句逻辑。原文promptly“迅速地”。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项与原文不符。
【句意】环球航空公司(TWA)因试图掩盖真相而没有及时通知遇难者家属而受到批评。
5.填空题
Lifeisfullofdangersandsurprise.Yourhousemayburndown.Youmayfalloutofthewindowandbreakyourneck.Miceandbeetlesmayeatyourfloorsothatyoudropintotheflatbelowforanuninvitedcupoftea.1.().
Youcannotalwayspreventdisasters,butyoucaninsureagainstthem.Mostformsofinsurancearevoluntary-itisuptoyouwhetheryoutakeoutapolicyornot.Butsomeformsarecompulsory.2.().The“parties”toanagreement,orcontract,aretheindividualsorgroupsconcerned.Withthird-partymotorinsurance,thethreepartiesare(i)youyourself,(ii)yourinsurancecompany,and(iii)anybodyelseforexample,themanwhoseJaguarhasjustsmashedupyourMini.Third-partyinsurancedoesnotcoverfire,theftoranythingelse.Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.3.().
AnotherformofcompulsoryinsuranceisNationalInsurance.Everybodyover16earningmoneyonaregularbasismustpayasumeachweektothestate.TheseweeklycontributionscoverpartofthecostoftheNationalHealthServiceandtheothersocialservicebenefits,e.g.unemploymentbenefits,sicknessbenefits,old-agepensions,industrialinjurybenefitsandsoon.Youmustbeabletoproveyouhavepaidyourcontributions,soyoumusthaveacard(keptbyyouremployerunlessyouareself-employeD.ontowhichstampsarestuckeveryweek.Ofcourse,youcantakeoutprivatehealthinsuranceaswellifyouwish,butyoumuststillpayyourstatecontributions.
Thereare,ofcourse,manyinsurancecompaniesinBritain,bothlargeandsmall.ButthereisalsoaratherspecialorganizationcalledLloyd’s,whichstartedasacoffee-houseinlate17lhcentury.Lloyd’sisasocietyofaroundsixthousandmembers-allofthemunderwriters-andisadministeredbyacommitteecontrolledbyActofParliament.4.().YouhavetogotoaninsurancebrokerwhowillthencontactamemberofLloyd’sforyou.IfyouwanttoinsuresomethingexpensivelikeafleetofJumbojets,forexample-yourbrokerwillprobablyhavetocontactasyndicateofunderwritersbecausetheriskswouldbetoohighforonemantocover.
Lloyd'swillprobablyinsureyouagainstanyriskatallprovidedyouarepreparedtopaythepremiums.5.().Maybeclownsinsuretheirnoses.Youneverknow-anythingmayhappen.
【答案】1.G
2.C
3.E
4.D
5.A
【解析】1.第一段列举了一些可能发生的危险的例子,比如房子烧毁,地板被老鼠和甲虫吃掉等。此空作为第一段的最后一句,G项“一切都有可能发生,”与第一句呼应。
2.由Butsomeformsarecompulsory.但有些形式的保险是强制性的。可知接下来的内容会讲到强制性的保险。而C项正好是一个强制性保险的例子。故C项正确。
3.由空前的“Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.第三方保险只是为了保护道路使用者免受他人的伤害。”可知这种保险有局限性,E项中的comprehensive与原文中的only很自然地形成对比。故E项正确。句意:如果你想为可能发生在你或你的车身上的所有其他可怕的事情投保,你可以买一份综合保险。
4.上文提到Lloyd's是一个6000人组成的团体,并且受委员会管制。故空格处如果填D项“Lloyd's不是一般意义上的保险公司,而是一个保险市场,你不能直接和它做生意。”能与上下文自然地衔接。
5.空前提到“只要你缴纳保险费,Lloyd's会保护你的一切危险。”接下来空格后举例“小丑可能会为他的鼻子买保险”。而A项“钢琴家会为他们的手买保险”正好与下文的例子构成并列关系,并且是对上文的论证。故A项正确。
6.单选题
WesternmanishimselfbeingWesternizedbyhisownspeed-up,()byindustrialtechnology.
问题1选项
A.asmuchtheAfricansaredetribalized
B.theAfricansaremuchbeingdetribalized
C.asmuchastheAfricansarebeingdetribalized
D.asmuchastheAfricansaredetribalized
【答案】C
【解析】考查固定用法。as…as…“像……一样”,此结构前后有呼应,前半句是被动语态的进行时,后半句也应保持一致。因此C选项符合题意。
7.单选题
Personalcomputersarenolongersomethingbeyondtheordinarypeople;theyare()availablethesedays.
问题1选项
A.promptly
B.instantly
C.readily
D.quickly
【答案】C
【解析】句意:私人电脑对普通人来说不再遥不可及,现在电脑很容易买到。
考查副词辨析。promptly敏捷地,迅速地;instantly立即地;readily容易地轻而易举地;quickly迅速地。故C项符合句意。
8.单选题
Theboyseemedmore()totheirpovertyafterseeinghowhisgrandparentslived.
问题1选项
A.reconciled
B.consolidated
C.deteriorated
D.attributed
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“和解,调解”;B选项“巩固的,统一的”;C选项“恶化的,已变质的”;D选项“归于,属性化”,句意:看到爷爷奶奶的生活后,这个男孩似乎更()他们的贫穷。bereconciledtosomething的意思是“甘于,接受”,本句想表达的意思在看过爷爷奶奶的生活后,男孩似乎能接受他们贫穷的生活了。因此A选项符合题意。
9.单选题
Peopletendto_______howdistincttheirownlivesare,sothecommonalitytheyenjoywithotherpeopleseemtothemaseriesofsmallmiracles.
问题1选项
A.deny
B.overlook
C.exaggerate
D.ignore
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deny“否定;拒绝承认”;B选项overlook“俯瞰;未注意到;(对不良现象等)视而不见”;C选项exaggerate“夸大,言过其实”;D选项ignore“无视,佯装未见”。句意:人们倾向于_______自己的生活是如何独特,所以他们与他人的共性看起来是他们一系列的小小奇迹。根据语境,人们总觉得自己的生活很独特,所以看到和别人的共性时觉得简直就是奇迹,这里指人们夸大自己的独特性,所以exaggerate“夸大,言过其实”符合题意。因此C选项正确。
10.翻译题
TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.
EnergyMinisterCharlesHendryannouncedlastweekthatconvertingtheplutonium(钚)toMOX(mixed-oxidefuel)wasstilltheplan,butanew£3billion(US$4.7billion)plantwouldonlybebuiltifitcouldbeshownthatitwasbothaffordableandofferedvalueformoney.Althoughatfirstglancethismayseemfiscallyprudent,whentakenwithotherrecenteventsitstartstolooknonsensical.JustafewweeksagotheNDA(theNuclearDecommissioningAuthority),respondingtothegovernment’sownrequesttoconsiderhowtodealwiththestockpile,advisedthatthecostofmakingMOXisgreaterthanitsvalueasafuel.Andtherefore,themostcost-effectiveplanwouldbetocontinuestoringtheplutoniumuntilageologicaldisposalfacilitybecomesavailableforittobeburiedunderground.Sowhat’sgoingon?Tomakesenseofitall,NaturepeersthroughthelookingglassoftheBritishnuclearindustry.
【答案】能源部长查尔斯•亨得利上周宣布,将钚转化为MOX(混合氧化物燃料)仍然在计划中,但是只有在能负担得起和有收益的情况下,才会建造一项新的30亿英磅(47亿美元)的工厂。尽管乍一看,这在财政上似乎是谨慎的,但与最近发生的其他事件相结合,就开始显得荒谬了。就在几周前,NDA(核退役管理局)回应了政府自己提出的考虑如何处理库存的请求,建议制造MOX的成本大于其作为燃料的价值。因此,最经济实惠的计划将是继续储存钚,直到有地质处理设施可以将其埋在地下为止。那么到底发生了什么?为了弄清这一切,《自然》透过英国核工业的镜子审视了这一切。
11.单选题
Literacyinthecountryhasincreased,withtheliterateproportionofthepopulationrisingto52.1%from43.6%adecadeago.
问题1选项
A.influential
B.educated
C.diligent
D.sophisticated
【答案】B
【解析】【选项释义】
A.influential有很大影响的B.educated受过教育的
C.diligent孜孜不倦的;勤勉的D.sophisticated见多识广的;老练的
【考查点】形容词辨析。
【解题思路】literacy表示“读写能力”,literate是literacy的形容词形式,那么literate表示“有读写能力的”,即受过教育的,B项词义与之相近,故该题选择B项。
【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合划线单词词义。
【句意】该国的识字率有所提高,识字人口比例从十年前的43.6%上升到52.1%。
12.写作题
WriteanessayontheAnswerSheetinabout200wordswiththetitle“OpenMind”
【答案】Openmind
Nowadays,havinganopenmindisveryindispensable.Ifsomebodyisopen-minded,thatmeanshe/sheiswillingtoacceptdifferentideasornewthings.Inoursociety,newthingskeeppumpingout,whichrequiresustohaveanopenmind.Onlyinthisway,wecanfollowthestepofthetimeandbenefitfromdevelopment.Ifweareconfinedourselvesinasmallworldandrefusetoacceptdifferentideas,thenoneday,wewillbecameverystubbornandhardtocommunicatewith.Andalso,ifwecan’tbeopen-minded,wewillneverhavecreativethinking,whichservesasthekeyofourdevelopment.Asanemployee,onlyifwehaveanopenmind,ononehand,wecanmakeachievementsandprogressbyrealizingourownweekpointsandappreciatingothers’strongones.Ontheotherhand,withanopenmind,wecanworkwithothercolleagueswonderfullythroughmutualunderstandingandappreciation.Asaboss,anopenmindisequallyessential,forhavingit,wearewillingtolistentosomedifferentopinionsandencourageouremployeestopresenttheirnewideas,whichcanbringhugesometimes.Tosumup,anopenmindistolifewhatbrothistosoup.
13.单选题
Achameleonisatypeofreptilethatcan(
)thecolorofitssurroundingssothatitcannotbeseeneasily.
问题1选项
A.dealwith
B.takeon
C.seekout
D.escapefrom
【答案】B
【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项dealwith“涉及,处理”;B选项takeon“呈现,显出(新面貌或新特点)”;C选项seekout“搜出,找出”;D选项escapefrom“逃脱”。从句“thatcan______thecolorofitssurroundings”中的空格处应填入一个谓语动词,其宾语为color,故B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意:变色龙是一种爬行动物,它可以呈现周围环境的颜色,因此不容易被看见。
14.单选题
Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrimeproblemhasstirredpolit¬ical_______andsuspicions.
问题1选项
A.substance
B.antagonisms
C.dimension
D.possession
【答案】B
【解析】substance物质,实质;antagonism对抗,敌意;dimension尺寸;possession拥有。句意:虽然政府仍然享有很高的公众支持,但犯罪问题已经引发了对抗对立和猜疑。选项B符合句意。
15.不定项选择题
Theideahasreignedforyearsthattheagingbrain’sneuronsdieoffbyasmanyas100,000aday—takingwiththemlife’scherishedmemories.But,infactneuron-biologistssuchasAlanPetersofBostonUniversityhaveshowninrecentstudiesthat,whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.
What’smore,sayneuroscientists,it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.So,justasrunningthelatestsoftwareprogramonanoldcomputerwilltakemoretimeandmayinvolvesometrouble,onecarstillpossessafirst-rateintelligencewhilelosingsomecognitivespeedlaterinlife.
Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.
Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.Nexttodropis“verbalmemoryafterdelay”—rememberingdetailsofastoryafterhavingturnedattentiontoothertasks.Butsomementalskills,suchastheabilitytoconcentrateorcalculatemath,seemtoremainsturdylongintooldage.And“procedural”memory—howtoplaygolforrideabike—isusuallynottouchedbyaging.
Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.NeurologistsatHarvardarefindingthat,laterinlife,thebrainoftenproduceslessacetylcholine(乙酰胆碱),aneurotransmitterinvolvedinmemory.Tentativeresultssuggestthatdrugscouldmimicthemissingchemical.Atleastadozenothersubstancesarealsobeingstudiedaspotentialmemoryboosters.
1.Accordingtothepassage,whenweareold________.
2.Accordingtotheneuroscientists,theinformationinourmind________.
3.Theneuroscientistscompareourbrainwithcomputertoshowthat________.
4.Accordingtothepassage,atwhatagedoourbrainsworkbest?
5.Whatmighthappenwhenweareinour50s?
6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthispassage?
问题1选项
A.ourbrainneuronsdieoffveryquickly
B.ourbrainneuronsdonotdieatall
C.ourbrainneuronsmaybecomesmaller
D.ourbrainneuronstakeawayourcherishedmemories
问题2选项
A.iseasytobelostatoldages
B.doesnotchangeatoldages
C.wearsouteasilywithage
D.canbemorecomplicatedatoldages
问题3选项
A.whenpeoplegetold,theirbrainsworkslowlyasoldmachines
B.humanbeingsareasintelligentascomputers
C.thestructureofourbrainsisverycomplicated
D.agreatdealofinformationcanbestoredinourbrains
问题4选项
A.Whenweareyoungerthanthirty.
B.Whenweareaboutforty.
C.Whenweareoverfifty.
D.Whenweareveryold.
问题5选项
A.Webegintoforgetwherewehaveputourthings.
B.Webegintohavedifficultyinexplainingwhytwothingsarealike.
C.Webegintoforgetthemessagethatwehavebeentold.
D.Webegintoforgethowtooperateamachine.
问题6选项
A.HowToKeepOurMemoriesAtOldAges
B.MemoriesGoesFirstWhenWeAreOld
C.ExploringTheMythOfOurMemory
D.HowToStayMentallyAlert
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:B
第5题:B
第6题:C
【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第一段最后一句...whilebraincellsmayshrinkinoldage,theydon’tdieoffinlargenumbers.(……虽然我们的脑细胞会在晚年萎缩,但是并不会出现大量死亡的现象)从这句可知脑细胞不会很快速地死亡,也不是不会死亡只是小范围地死亡,所以A选项“我们的脑细胞会很快的死亡”和B选项“我们的脑细胞完全不会死亡”错误;D选项“我们的脑细胞带走珍贵的会议”不符合逻辑,因为是脑细胞的死亡才会造成记忆缺失并不是脑细胞带走我们的记忆。萎缩的细胞会要比普通细胞小。所以答案是C选项“我们的脑细胞可能会变小”。
第2题:事实细节题。从题干定位到第二段倒数第二三句话Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.(大脑的“软件”——一生中装满了大脑的实际信息——并不一定会退化。如果要说有什么的话,那就是它(脑细胞)变得更加复杂了)从这句话可知储存着大脑信息的“软件”不会退化,所以“软件”里面的信息也不会轻易丢失,A选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候容易忘记”;B选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候也不会改变”C选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候容易磨损”错误;D选项“我们脑海的信息在老年的时候会变得复杂”正确。
第3题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段前面三句话it’sprimarilythebrain’s“hardware”—thebillionsoftelephone-line-likeconnectionsandrelayswitcheswhichactasprocessingequipment—thatisvulnerabletowearingoutwithage.Thebrain’s“software”—theactualinformationthatfillsupthemindoveralifetime—doesn’tnecessarilydeteriorate.Ifanything,itcangrowmoresophisticated.(主要是大脑的“硬件”——数十亿充当处理设备的像电话线一样的连接和继电器开关(的细胞)——很容易随着年龄的增长而磨损。大脑的“软件”——在一生中装满了大脑的实际信息——并不一定会退化。如果要说有什么的话,那就是它(脑细胞)变得更加复杂了。)随着年龄的增长脑细胞里储藏的信息变得复杂了,但是处理信息的细胞却随着年龄的增长老化,这一现象就很像一台旧电脑运行着最新的软件,所以A选项“当人们变老之后,我们大脑的工作会如同一台旧电脑般运行得缓慢”正确。B选项“人类像电脑一样聪明”,这个说法不符合我们生活逻辑;C选项“我们大脑结构非常复杂”和D选项“大量信息可以储存在我们脑海中”文章没有提及。
第4题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第三段Whenmentalabilitiesdopasstheirpeak,memoryisn’tthefirsttogo,Powellandotherssay.It’susuallythebrain’scapacitytomakesenseofspatialrelationships—map-readingorfindingyourcaratthemall—whichmaybegintogetdifficultinyour40s.(鲍威尔和其他生物学家说,当脑力达到顶峰时,记忆力并不是最先消失的。(最先消失的)通常是大脑理解空间关系的能力——看地图或在商场里找到你的车——在你40多岁的时候,这可能开始变得困难。)从beginto(开始)这个关键词可知40岁的时候,我们的大脑开始走下坡路了,所以40岁时,我们大脑就处于巅峰状态,因而答案选B。
第5题:事实细节题。根据题干定位到第四段第二句话Adecadelater,theabstractreasoningrequiredtomakeanalogiesdipsdownward.(十年后,进行类比所需要的抽象推理能力下降了。)分析两件事的异同需要我们的抽象逻辑能力,所以B选项“我们解释某两件事的相似之处开始变得困难”正确,定位到最后一段第一句话Even“common”memoryloss,however,shouldn’tbeconsiderednormal.Itcouldbetreatable.(然而,即使是“普通的”失忆也不应该被视为正常。它是可以治疗的。)失忆不是正常现象而且是可以治愈的,而A选项“我们开始忘记把东西放哪了”,C选项“我们开始忘记别人告诉我们的信息”,D选项“我们开始忘记怎么操作机械了”,这些都是关于失忆的现象的,所以A,C,D不选。
第6题:主旨大意题。文章全文都是在客观地描述我们脑细胞随着年龄的增长会出现什么情况,没有告诉我们应该去什么措施,所以A选项“怎么在老年的时候保持记忆”,以及D选项“怎样保持机警”不选。B选项“当我们老了,记忆排在第一位”虽然文中有提及,但是不是主题,而且这句话和文章内容相对的,所以排除。文章内容是根据记忆来展开的,第一段以人们的错觉开头,然后介绍了生物学家相关的实验验证脑细胞和记忆的关系,然后描述随着年龄的增长,记忆出现什么样的情况,所以答案选C选项“探寻我们记忆之谜”。
16.单选题
Afterfouryearsinthesamejobhisenthusiasmfinally(
).
问题1选项
A.deteriorated
B.dissipated
C.dispersed
D.drained
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deteriorate“恶化”;dissipate“浪费”;disperse“分散”;drain“排水;耗尽”。句意:在同一份工作上干了四年,他对工作的热情慢慢耗尽了。选项D符合题意。
17.写作题
Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordsanddoyourcompositionneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingtopic:
OnKnowledgeandAbility
【答案】OnKnowledgeandAbility18.单选题
Thepolicehaveofferedalarge(
)forinformationleadingtotherobber’sarrest.
问题1选项
A.award
B.compensation
C.prize
D.reward
【答案】D
【解析】名词辨析。句意:为抓捕逃犯提供信息,警方将高额赏金。
award奖金,奖学金,通常与一段时间的成绩和表现相关;compensation补偿,赔偿,一般与损失相关;prize奖赏,奖金,一般与竞赛或比赛相关;reward报酬,奖赏,一般与劳动、服务、支持和帮助相关。
19.填空题
Mencannotmanufacturebloodasefficientlyaswomencan.Thismakessurgeryriskierformen.Menalsoneedmoreoxygenbecausetheydonotbreatheasoftenaswomen.Butmenbreathemoredeeplyandthisexposesthem(1)anotherrisk.Whentheairispolluted,theydrawmoreofit
(2)
theirlungs.
Amorerecentandchillingfindingistheeffectofautomobileandtruckexhaustfumes
(3)
children’sintelligence.Theseexhaustfumesarethegreatest
(
4)
ofleadpollutionincities.Researchershavefoundthatthechildrenwiththehighestconcentrationofleadintheirbodieshavethelowestscoresonintelligencetestsandthatboysscorelowerthangirls.Itispossiblethattheselowscoresareconnectedtothedeeperbreathingthatistypical
(5)
themale.
Men’sbonesarelargerthanwomen’sandtheyarearrangedsomewhatdifferently.Thefemininewalkthatevokessomanywhistlesisamatterofbonestructure.Menhavebroadershouldersanda
(6)
pelvis,whichenablesthemtostrideoutwithnowastemotion.Awoman’swiderpelvis,designedforchildbearing,forceshertoputmoremovementintoeachstepshetakeswiththeresultthatshedisplaysabitofajiggleandswayasshewalks.
Ifyouthinkamanisbravebecauseheclimbsaladdertocleanouttheroofgutters,don’tforgetthatitis
(7)
forhimthanforawoman.Theangle
(8)
whichawoman’sthighisjoinedtoherkneesmakesclimbingawkwardforher,nomatter
(9)
itisaladderorstairsoramountainthatsheisclimbing.
Aman’sskinisthickerthanawoman’sandnotnearlyassoft.Thethickness
(10)
thesun’sradiationfromgettingthrough,whichiswhymenwrinklelessthanwomendo.
Womenhaveathinlayeroffatjustundertheskinandthereisaplustothisgreaterfatreserve.Itactsasaninvisiblefurcoattokeepawoman(11)
inthewinter.
Womenalsostay
(12)
insummer.Thefatlayerhelpsinsulatethem(13)
heat.
Men’sfatisdistributeddifferently.Andtheydonothavethatlayerofitunderneaththeirskin.Infact,theyhaveconsiderably
(14)
fatthanwomenandmoreleanmass.Forty-onepercentofaman’sbodyismusclecomparedtothirty-fivepercentforwomen,whichmeansthatmenhavemoremusclepower.Whenit
(15)
tostrength,almost90percentofaman’sweightisstrength
(16)
toabout50percentofawoman’sweight.
Thehigherproportionofmuscle
(17)
fatmakesiteasierformentoloseweight.Muscleburnsupfivemorecaloriesapoundthanfatdoesjusttomaintainitself.Sowhenamangoes
(18)
adiet,thepoundsrolloffmuchfaster.
Forallmen’smuscularitytheydonothavetheenergyreserveswomendo.Theyhavemorestart-upenergy,butthefattuckedawayinwomen’snooksandcranniesprovidesarichenergyreservethatmenlack.
CardiologistsattheUniversityofAlabamawhotestedhealthywomenontreadmillsdiscoveredthatovertheyearsthefemalecapacityforexercisefarexceedsthemalecapacity.Awomanofsixtywhois
(19)
goodhealthcanexercise
(20)
to90percentofwhatshecoulddowhenshewastwenty.Amanofsixtyhasonly60percentleftofhiscapacityasatwenty-year-old.
【答案】1.考查介词搭配。由前面内容可知,男性造血功能不如女性,使得其外科手术风险更大;男性呼吸评率不如女性而需要更多的氧气,因此深呼吸会让他们遭受另一种风险。exposeto意为“使遭受,使面临”。
试题答案:to
2.考查介词搭配。此句意为:当空气被污染时,他们会把更多的空气吸入他们的肺部。drawinto意为“吸入”。
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