考研考博-英语-天津体育学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津体育学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

毛主席写过：“多少事，从来急，天地转，光阴迫。一万年太久，只争朝夕。”现在就是只争朝夕的时候了，是我们两国人民攀登那种可以缔造一个新的、更美好的世界的伟大境界的高峰的时候了。本着这种精神，我请求诸位同我一起举杯，为能够导致全世界所有人民的友谊与和平的中国人民和美国人民之间的友谊，干杯。

【答案】【参考译文】ChairmanMAOhaswritten:“Somanydeedscryouttobedone,andalwaysurgently;theworldrollson,timepresses.Tenthousandyearsaretoolong;seizetheday,seizethehour!”Thisisthehour.Thisisthedayforourtwopeoplestorisetotheheightsofgreatnesswhichcanbuildanewandabetterworld.Inthatspirit,IaskallofyoutojoinmeinraisingyourglassestothefriendshipbetweentheChineseandAmericanpeoplethatcanleadtofriendshipandpeaceforallpeopleintheworld.

2.单选题

Manyexpatriatewritersoften______theirsocializedbehaviorwiththedominantcultureoftheirown.

问题1选项

A.collaborated

B.attached

C.tied

D.identified

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项collaborate“合作，勾结，通敌”，B项attach“使依附，贴上”，C项tie“（用线、绳等）系，系牢，打结”，D项identify“确定，鉴定，识别”。根据句子可知，空格处应该填入一个动词并和介词with搭配使用，由关键词socializedbehavior“社会化行为”和thedominantcultureoftheirown“他们自己的主导文化”可知，identify…with…“认为……密切相关”符合语境。句意：许多旅居国外的作家经常将他们的社会化行为与他们自己的主导文化联系起来。因此，该题选择D项正确。

3.单选题

Inthespringof2010,fiscalausteritybecamefashionable.Iusethetermadvisedly:thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.Itwasmorelikeafad,somethingeveryoneprofessedtobelievebecausethatwaswhatthein-crowdwassaying.

Andit’safadthathasbeenfadinglately,asevidencehasaccumulatedthatthelessonsofthepastremainrelevant,thattryingtobalancebudgetsinthefaceofhighunemploymentandfallinginflationisstillareallybadidea.Mostnotably,theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemploymentbecauseitreassuresconsumersandbusinesses;butmultiplestudiesofhistoricalrecord,includingonebytheInternationalMonetaryFund,haveshownthatthisclaimhasnobasisinreality.

Nowidespreadfadeverpasses,however,withoutleavingsomefashionvictimsinitswake.Inthiscase,thevictimsarethepeopleofBritain,whohavethemisfortunetoberuledbyagovernmentthattookofficeattheheightoftheausterityfadandwon’tadmitthatitwaswrong.Britain,likeAmerica,issufferingfromtheaftermathofahousinganddebtbubble.ItsproblemsarecompoundedbyLondon’sroleasaninternationalfinancialcenter:Britaincametorelyontoomuchonprofitsfromwheelinganddealingtodriveitseconomyandonfinancial-industrytaxpaymentstopayforgovernmentprograms.

Over-relianceonthefinancialindustrylargelyexplainswhyBritain,whichcameintothecrisiswithrelativelylowpublicdebt,hasseenitsbudgetdeficitsoarto11percentofGD.P.slightlyworsethantheU.S.deficit.Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.Theoperativewordhereshould,however,be“eventually.”Fiscalausteritywilldepresstheeconomyfurtherunlessitcanbeoffsetbyafallininterestrates.Rightnow,interestratesinBritain,asinAmerica,arealreadyverylow,withlittleroomtofallfurther.Thesensiblething,then,istodeviseaplanforputtingthenation’sfiscalhouseinorder,whilewaitinguntilasolideconomicrecoveryisunderwaybeforewieldingtheax.

Buttrendyfashion,almostbydefinition,isn’tsensibleandtheBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.BoththenewBritishbudgetannouncedonWednesdayandtherhetoricthataccompaniedtheannouncementmighthavecomestraightfromthedeskofAndrewMellon,theTreasurysecretarywhotoldPresidentHerbertHoovertofighttheDepressionbyliquidatingthefarmers,liquidatingtheworkers,anddrivingdownwages.OrifyouprefermoreBritishprecedents,itechoestheSnowdenbudgetof1931,whichtriedtorestoreconfidencebutendedupdeepeningtheeconomiccrisis.

TheBritishgovernment’splanisbold,saythepunditsandsoitis.Butitboldlygoesinexactlythewrongdirection.Itwouldcutgovernmentemploymentby490,000workerstheequivalentofalmostthreemillionlayoffsintheUnitedStatesatatimewhentheprivatesectorisinnopositiontoprovidealternativeemployment.Itwouldslashspendingatatimewhenprivatedemandisn’tatallreadytotakeuptheslack.WhyistheBritishgovernmentdoingthis?Therealreasonhasalottodowithideology:theToriesareusingthedeficitasanexcusetodownsizethewelfarestate.Buttheofficialrationaleisthatthereisnoalternative.

Whathappensnow?MaybeBritainwillgetlucky,andsomethingwillcomealongtorescuetheeconomy.ButthebestguessisthatBritainin2011willlooklikeBritainin1931,ortheUnitedStatesin1937,orJapanin1997.Thatis,prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump.Asalways,thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.

1.The“fiscalausterity”refersto（）.

2.Bysaying“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth”，theauthormeans（）.

3.Whatiswrongwiththecurrentgovernment’sfinancialpolicy?

4.BymentioningAndrewMellon,theauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Totheauthor,thepracticeoffiscalausteritywillcertainlyleadto（）.

问题1选项

A.theconsensusamongfinancialadvisers

B.thereductioninexpenditure

C.thesevereeconomicrecession

D.thehighinflationrate

问题2选项

A.balancingbudgetsdoesnothelpwithemployment

B.businesseshavenotimprovedtheiroperation

C.reducingbudgetsisnolongerafadnow

D.fallinginflationhasgivenconsumersconfidence

问题3选项

A.Itcutsfinancial-industrytaxpayments.

B.ItignoresBritain’sfinancialsituation.

C.IthaslaunchedBritainintoanotherslump.

D.ItismadeasaresponsetocrisesinAmerica.

问题4选项

A.theAmericanleadershavemadethesamemistake

B.theTreasurysecretaryignoredtheinterestsofthefarmersandworkers

C.theBritishgovernment’sbudgetplanisseriouslywrong

D.theAmericanleadersgivesubstantialsupporttotheirBritishcounterparts

问题5选项

A.anunexpectedrecovery

B.improvedemployment

C.renewedconfidence

D.arepeatedrecession

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“thesuddenconsensusamongVerySeriousPeoplethateveryonemustbalancebudgetsnowwasn’tbasedonanykindofcarefulanalysis.”，可知第一句中的fiscalausterity等同于这里的balancebudgets。严肃人士之间突然达成的共识是，现在每个人都必须平衡预算，而这种共识并不是基于任何仔细的分析。所以平衡预算需要缩减开支，选项B符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第二段，“theconfidencefairyhasbeenexposedasamyth.Therehavebeenwidespreadclaimsthatdeficit-cuttingactuallyreducesunemployment”，可知自信的神话变成了一种虚构。用来暗示财政紧缩政策并没有帮助经济恢复，而财政赤字实际上能降低失业率，并且在第二段中用大量的事实说明了财政紧缩政策并没带来实际作用。可推断出财政紧缩政策对提高就业率并没有产生帮助。选项A符合题意。

3.推断题。根据文章第四段，“Andthere’snoquestionthatBritainwilleventuallyneedtobalanceitsbookswithspendingcutsandtaxincreases.”，可知毫无疑问，英国最终将需要通过削减开支和增加税收来平衡收支。可推断出削减金融业的税收的财政政策是错误的。选项A符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“theBritishgovernmentseemsdeterminedtoignorethelessonsofhistory.”，可知英国政府似乎忽视了历史的教训。下文用AndrewMellon的荒谬政策加深经济危机的例子来进一步说明英国政府的平衡收支计划是错误的，忽视了历史教训。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“prematurefiscalausteritywillleadtoarenewedeconomicslump…thosewhorefusetolearnfromthepastaredoomedtorepeatit.”，可知过早的财政紧缩将导致新一轮的经济衰退，拒绝吸取历史教训的人注定要重蹈覆辙。可判断出作者认为财政紧缩的做法肯定会导致经济衰退重蹈覆辙。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

TheBritishLibrary（

）therighttoafreecopyofeverynewbookpublishedintheUnitedKingdom.

问题1选项

A.contains

B.retires

C.retains

D.conveys

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。contain意为“包含，容纳”；retire意为“退休”；retain意为“保持，保留”；convey意为“传达，传递”。

句意：在英国出版的每一版新书，大英博物馆都拥有免费获得一册的权利。

5.单选题

Inthe______areasoftherailroadterminal,thousandsoftravelerslingeredwhilewaitingfortheirtrain.

问题1选项

A.circuitous

B.baleful

C.auxiliary

D.capacious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项circuitous表示“迂曲的，绕行的”，B项baleful表示“恶意的，有害的”，C项auxiliary表示“辅助的，副的，附加的”，D项capacious表示“宽敞的，广阔的”。根据railroadterminal（铁路终点站）和thousandsoftravelers（成千上万的旅客）可知，______areas表示“宽敞的地方”。句意：在铁路终点站广阔的区域里，成千上万的旅客逗留在那等待火车。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

Themotherwas（）withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.

问题1选项

A.fantastic

B.frank

C.frantic

D.frenzy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。fantastic“奇异的；古怪的”；frank“坦白的，直率的”；frantic“狂乱的，疯狂的”；frenzy“狂暴；狂怒”。句意：当那位母亲得知她的孩子死了，悲痛到疯了。Befranticwith“因……而疯狂”。选项C符合题意。

7.填空题

AustrianphysicianAlfredAdlertheorizedthatpeopleareprimarilymotivatedtoovercomeinherentfeelingsof________.(inferior)

【答案】inferiority

【解析】【考查点】名词。

【解题思路】feelingsof________是名词所有格结构，所以横线处应为名词。根据关键词inherentfeelings，可知这里讲的和感受相关，feelingofinferiority的意思为“自卑感”，inferiority符合语境。

【句意】奥地利医生阿尔弗雷德•阿德勒提出理论，即人们的动机主要是克服内在的自卑感。

8.单选题

Thejoysoftravel,havinglong（）thedisabled,areopeninguptovirtuallyanyonewhohasthemeans.

问题1选项

A.omitted

B.threatened

C.worried

D.fascinated

【答案】A

【解析】句意：对于残疾人来说已经久违的旅行的快乐，现在几乎对每个有出行工具的人都敞开了大门。

考查动词辨析。omit省略，遗漏；threat威胁，恐吓；worry担忧；fascinate使着迷。此处用omit表示“对于残疾人来说已经久违的旅行的快乐”。故选A。

9.单选题

Whenadiseaseofepidemicproportionsripsintothepopulace,scientistsimmediatelygettowork,tryingtolocatethesourceoftheafflictionandfindwaystocombatit.Oftentimes,successisachieved,asmedicalscienceisabletoisolatetheparasite,germorcellthatcausestheprob-lemandfindswaystoeffectivelykillorcontainit.Inthemostseriousofcases,inwhichtheen-tirepopulationofaregionorcountrymaybeatgraverisk,itisdeemednecessarytoprotecttheentirepopulationthroughvaccination,soastosafeguardlivesandensurethatthediseasewillnotspread.

Theprocessofvaccinationallowsthepatient’sbodytodevelopimmunitytothevirusordiseasesothat,ifitisencountered,onecanwarditoffnaturally.Toaccomplishthis,asmallweakordeadstrainofthediseaseisactuallyinjectedintothepatientinacontrolledenvironment,sothathisbody’simmunesystemcanlearntofighttheinvaderproperly.Informationonhowtopenetratethedisease’sdefensesistransmittedtoallelementsofthepatient’simmunesysteminaprocessthatoccursnatural-ly,inwhichgeneticinformationispassedfromcelltocell.Thismakessurethat,shouldthepatientlatercomeintocontactwiththerealproblem,hisbodyiswellequippedandtrainedtodealwithit,havingalreadydonesobefore.

Therearedangersinherentintheprocess,however.Onoccasion,eventheweakenedversionofthediseasecontainedinthevaccineprovestoomuchforthebodytohandle,resultingintheimmunesystemsuccumbing,and,therefore,thepatient’sdeath.Suchisthecaseofthesmallpoxvaccine,designedtoeradicatethesmallpoxepidemicthatnearlywipedouttheentireNativeAmericanpopula-tionandkilledmassivenumbersofsettlers.Approximately1in10,000peoplewhoreceivesthevac-cinecontractthesmallpoxdiseasefromthevaccineitselfanddiesfromit.Thus,iftheentirepopula-tionoftheUnitedStatesweretoreceivetheSmallpoxVaccinetoday,30000Americanswouldbeleftdead.

Fortunately,thesmallpoxviruswasconsiderederadicatedintheearly1970s,endingthemanda-toryvaccinationofallbabiesinAmerica.Intheeventofareintroductionofthedisease,however,mandatoryvaccinationsmayresume,resultinginmoreunexpecteddeathsfromvaccination.Theprocess,whichistrulyamixedblessing,mayindeedhidesomehiddencurses.

1.Thebesttitleforthetextmaybe（）

2.WhatdoestheexampleoftheSmallpoxVaccineillustrate?

3.Thephrase“warditoffnaturally”(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassageis（）

问题1选项

A.“Vaccinations:ABlessingorACurse”

B.“PrinciplesofVaccinations”

C.“Vaccines:MethodsandImplications”

D.“AMiracleCureunderAttack”

问题2选项

A.Thepossiblenegativeoutcomeofadministeringvaccines.

B.Thepracticaluseofavaccinetocontrolanepidemicdisease.

C.Theeffectivenessofvaccinesineradicatingcertaindisease.

D.Themethodbywhichvaccinesareemployedagainstthedisease.

问题3选项

A.disposeofitnaturally

B.fightitoffwithease

C.seetoitreluctantly

D.splitupproperly

问题4选项

A.Savingthemajoritywouldnecessarilyjustifythedeathoftheminority.

B.Theimmunesystemcanbetrainedtofightweakerversionsofadisease.

C.Mandatoryvaccinationsareindispensabletothesurvivalofthepopulace.

D.Theprocessofvaccinationremainsamysterytobefurtherresolved.

问题5选项

A.tocommentandcriticize

B.todemonstrateandargue

C.tointerestandentertain

D.toexplainandinform

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨题。C选项“接种：方法和含义”概括全文大意。其他选项不够全面。

2.细节题。文章中天花的举例是在第三段中出现的，第三、四段主要阐述使用疫苗可能带来的负面效果，而A选项“管理疫苗可能带来的负面后果”与文章相符。

3.细节题。第二段讲述的是如果接种疫苗，身体可以自然对抗这种疾病，选项B（很轻松地与之对抗）正确。

4.推理题。选项B（免疫系统能够被训练来抵抗较弱的疾病变体）符合原文中心思想。

5.主旨题。本文是科普性文章。所以D项（为了解释和告知信息）正确。

10.单选题

PricesforcarsintheU.S.canrun______$20,800.

问题1选项

A.ashighas

B.sohighas

C.sohighto

D.sohighthat

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ashighas高达B.sohighas那么高

C.sohighto如此高D.sohighthat如此高以致于……

【答案】A

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“美国的汽车价格______20800美元”可知，空格处填入“高达”符合句意，且as…as…为固定搭配，表示“和……一样”。因此，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项没有这个用法；

D项后面一般要跟句子。

【句意】在美国，汽车的价格可高达20800美元。

11.单选题

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

问题1选项

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】考查主谓一致。通过分析句子，可知句子缺少的是谓语动词，主语是thegrowth，谓语动词应该用单数，选项D符合题意。

12.填空题

YesterdayIwent（1）adrinkwiththreeCanadiangeologistswhocametohearmypresentation.It（2）outthatwehaveanumberofresearchinterestsin（3）,sowe（4）thepossibilityofworkingtogether,usingnewmaterialfromsitesinCanadaandChina.

【答案】for;turned;common;discussed

【解析】句意:昨天我和三个过来听我报告的加拿大地质学家一起喝酒。发现我们在研究兴趣上有很多相同点，所以我们探讨共同工作的可能性，使用来自加拿大和中国地皮上的新材料。

1.固定搭配。goforadrink出去喝点。

2.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat...结果是…,这里应该用过去式turned。

3.固定搭配。havesth.incommon有相同之处。

4.语义题。句意推测为:所以我们探讨共同工作的可能性。

13.单选题

Withaninitialinvestmentofonlytenthousanddollars,bothpartnershaveincreasedtheirmoney（）.

问题1选项

A.bytwothousandmore

B.bytwothousand

C.fortwothousandmore

D.fortwothousand

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。increaseby为固定搭配,

意为増加了...。句意：由于初始投资资金只有一万美元,

合作双方将他们的投资金额増加了两千美元。根据句意可知没有比较的意思,

所以不用more。选项B正确。

14.单选题

Mrs.Brownissupposed（）forItalylastweek.

问题1选项

A.toleave

B.tobeleaving

C.tohaveleft

D.tohavebeenleft

【答案】C

【解析】考查suppose的用法。时间状语是lastweek，说明是为了强调过去的时间，所以应该用完成时，Brown女士是主动离开，所以选项C符合题意。

15.填空题

Mydaughterisrather（1）toairpollution,sowemakesurethatshewearsa（2）whenshegoestoschoolinthemorning,（3）ondayswhentheairqualityindexisbad.That’ssomethingweunfailinglycheckonlinewhilewe'reeatingbreakfast.

【答案】1.vulnerable;

2.mask;

3.especially/particularly

【解析】1.固定搭配。第一空为固定搭配。Bevulnerable(to)易遭受…。

2.语义题。第二空前面有一个a，因此此处应填名词,结合句意可知mask(口罩)合适。

3.语义题。第三空后面ondays...是修饰句子shewearsamask的时间状语，所以此处填入一个副词起修饰作用，故particularly“尤其”符合句意。

16.单选题

Thetorchwas（）byafamousathleteattheopeningofthesportmeeting.

问题1选项

A.implement

B.deceive

C.exemplify

D.ignited

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，执行；deceive欺诈,误导；exemplify举例证明；ignite点燃,引发。句意:一位著名的运动员点燃了火炬。选项D符合句意。

17.单选题

Thereisavirtuallimitonhowlongwecanhopetoremainalive,howeverluckyand（）weare.

问题1选项

A.vulnerable

B.rigorous

C.vicious

D.robust

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项vulnerable“易受攻击的；易受伤害的”；B选项rigorous“严格的；严厉的”；C选项vicious“恶毒的；恶意的”；D选项robust“强健的；健康的”。句意：不论我们多么幸运、多么……，我们能存活多长时间是有限度的。根据前面的信息lucky“幸运的”，那么与之并列的形容词也应该为积极的词汇。由此可以排除A，B，C选项。而后面说到的是remainalive“活着”可以知道应该与描述身体的词汇有关。因此D选项符合题意。

18.翻译题

爱因斯坦出生于德国南部的一个犹太中产阶级家庭。母亲非常喜欢音乐。爱因斯坦受她的影响很大。她鼓励小爱因斯坦对小提琴和古典音乐的爱好。他的父亲，一名工程师，对爱因斯坦的影响甚微。不过，是他送给了他五岁儿子那个著名的玩具指南针，促发了小爱因斯坦的第一次“思想实验”：玩具中的针为什么总指向北？爱因斯坦后来成为一位伟大的物理学家。他的思想早己超出了科学范围，影响着从绘画到诗歌的现代文化。

【答案】Einsteinwasborninamiddle-classJewishfamilyinsouthernGermany.Hewasstronglyimpactedbyhismotherwhowasfondofmusic.Sheencouragedhispassionfortheviolinandclassicalmusic.Hisfather,anengineer,hadlittleeffectonEinstein.Butitwashewhogavehisfive-year-oldsonthefamoustoycompassthatinspiredyoungEinstein’sfirst“thoughtexperiment”—whatmadetheneedlealwayspointnorth?Later,Einsteinbecameagreatphysicist.Hisideashavegonebeyondscience,influencingmodernculturefrompaintingtopoetry.

19.单选题

Anemergingawarenessofthecostsofsprawlandtheroleofgovernmentpoliticsinfacilitatingsprawlistransformingmetropolitanareapoliticsaroundthecountry.Electedofficialsfromcitiesandinnersuburbs;downtowncorporate,philanthropic,andcivicinterests;minorityandlow-incomecommunityrepresentatives;environmentalists;slow-growthadvocatesinthenewsuburbs;farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.InChicagotheCommercialClub,anorganizationoftopregionalbusinessleaders,hasreleasedtheChicagoMetropolis2020report,anambitiousplanformeetingthatarea’smyriadchallengesinthecomingdecades.InOhioelectedofficialsfrominnersuburbsaroundClevelandarejoiningforceswithfarmpreservationconstituenciestopushstategrowthmanagementreforms.InMarylandacoalitionofenvironmentalists(theChesapeakeBayFoundation),businessleadersandinner-cityadvocatesareleadingstatewideeffortstocurbsuburbansprawlandpromotereinvestmentinolderestablishedcommunities.InMissouriacoalitionofeightyProtestantandCatholicchurchesisleadingthefighttopromotesmartergrowthintheSi.Louisarea.

Thesenascentcoalitionsreachpastcitylimitsandcrosstraditionalconstituencylines.Themotivationsbehindthesecoalitionsdiffer.Groupsthataredrivenbyaconcernforequityandtheburdenofconcentratedpovertythatcitiesandinnersuburbsmustbearpushfortaxreformsthatwouldreducefiscaldisparitiesamongjurisdictions.Coalitionsconcernedaboutrunawaygrowthadvocatecurbsonsprawlandtrytodirectinfrastructureinvestmenttoolderestablishedareas.Bothkindsofcoalitionsseekmetropolitancollaborationtosolvesuchcross-jurisdictionalproblemsastransportation,environmentalquality,watertreatment,andworkforceandeconomicdevelopment.Thesereformsaremutuallyreinforcing.Mayorswhocareabouttax-baseequitymayfindcommoncausewithno-growthadvocatesintheoutersuburbs.Environmentalistsandruralconstituenciespushingtoconserveopenspaceandfarmlandunderstandthatastrongerurbancoreisintheirinterest.Asonewouldexpect,thevariouscoalitionsencompassdiverseintereststhatreflectthenatureoftheirmetropolitanareas.

Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues.LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.Invirtualrevoltovercongestedroads,overcrowdedschools,andlossofopenspace,citizensofoutersuburbancommunitiesofsuchfast-growingmetropolitanareasasnorthernVirginiaandSeattlehavepushedcountygovernmentstoincreasedeveloperfees,scalebackexistingplansforresidentialgrowth,andbuylandtopreserveopenspace.Often,however,therecoalitionsfindthatpoweroverlanduse,welfare,housingtaxpolicy,andlocalgovernanceisexercisedinstatecapitalsandWashington,D.C.

Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.Theyhaveembracedlandusereformstomanagegrowthatthemetropolitanfringe.Theyhavebeguntosteerinfrastructureinvestmentandotherresourcestoolderestablishedareas.Theyhaverestructuredtaxestopoolresourcesamongjurisdictions.Andtheyhaveauthorizednewformsofmetropolitangovernancetohandlesuchcross-jurisdictionalissuesastransportation,environmentalprotections,wastemanagement,andeconomicdevelopment.

1.Thebesttitleofthispassagewouldbe（）.

2.Whatisthemajorproblemwithcitydevelopmentaccordingtothepassage?

3.ThecoalitionsmaybeconcernedwithallofthefollowingissuesEXCEPT（）.

4.Inparagraph3,thesentence“Thenewmetropolitancoalitionsaremakingadifferenceontransportationandlanduseissues”meansthenewmetropolitancoalitionsare（）.

5.Thesuccessofthenew“metropolitics”willdependaloton（）.

问题1选项

A.TheRiseofMetropolitanPoliticsintheUnitedStates

B.CityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

C.TheRoleofCoalitionsinCityDevelopmentintheUnitedStates

D.MetropolitanReformsintheUnitedState

问题2选项

A.Conflictinginterestsincitiesandinnersuburbs.

B.Governmentpolicyconcerningcitiesandinnersuburbs.

C.Irregularanduncontrolledspreadingofsuburbs.

D.Unbalancedgrowthofvariouspartsofcities.

问题3选项

A.povertyelimination

B.taxpolicy

C.rejuvenationofinnercities

D.spaceexploration

问题4选项

A.turningadeafeartotransportationandlanduseissues

B.takingpartinthedebateontransportationandlanduseissues

C.havinganimpactontransportationandlanduseissues

D.redefiningtransportationandlanduseissues

问题5选项

A.governanceinnovation

B.jurisdictionparticipation

C.landreform

D.olderestablishedareas

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨题。文章第一段主要列举的大量的实例说明新兴的联盟正在形成。第二段主要提到了这些新兴联盟的任务和工作。第三段讲到了新兴联盟在交通和土地使用问题上发挥作用。最后一段主要表达了政府也开始关注这些社会上的新兴力量。所以正篇文章围绕新兴的联盟展开。选项C符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“farmersandruralactivistsallarerealizingthatuncoordinatedsuburbanexpansionbringsneedlesscosts.”，可知农民和农村活动人士都意识到，不协调的郊区扩张会带来不必要的成本。所以城市发展的问题在于郊区不协调而不受控制的扩张。选项C符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“…arechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，可知他们选择修复现有的基础设施，投资公共交通，保护开放空间，而不是修建更多的道路。可判断出他们关心的问题是关于保留空间，而不是空间的探索利用。选项D符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“LeadersinChattanooga,Portland,andSt.Louisarechoosingtorepairexistinginfrastructure,investinmasstransit,andpreserveopenspaceratherthantobuildmoreroads.”，列举了查塔努加、波特兰和圣路易斯的领导人在交通和土地方面的措施，进一步说明了新城市联盟对交通和土地利用问题方面产生影响。选项C符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Severalstateshaverecognizedthepowerofanew“metropolitics”andarepursuingavarietyofpoliciestosupportit.”，可知几个州府已经意识到新都市政治的力量，并正在采取各种改革措施来给予支持。然后下文继续列举并介绍了州府采取的改革和管理措施。选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Sincetheearly1930s,Swissbankshadpridedthemselvesontheirsystemofbankingsecrecyandnumberedaccounts.

Overtheyear,theyhadsuccessfully(1)everychallengetothissystembytheirowngovernmentwho,(2)hadbeenfrequentlyurgedbyforeigngovernmentstorevealinformationaboutthefinancialaffairsofcertainaccount(3).Theresultofthispolicyofsecrecywas(4)akindofmystiquehadgrownuparoundSwissbanking.Therewasawidely-heldbeliefthatSwitzerlandwas(5)towealthyforeigners,mainlybecauseofitsnumberedaccountsandbankers'reluctancetoaskawkwardquestions(6)depositors.(7)tothemystiquewastheviewthatifthissecrecywasevergivenup,foreignerswouldfalloverthemselvesintherushto(8)money,andtheSwissbankingsystemwouldvirtuallycollapseovernight.

Tomany,(9),itcamelikeaboltoutofthe(10),when,in1977,theSwissbanksannouncedtheyhadsigneda_(11)withtheSwissNationalBank(theCentralBank).Theaimoftheagreementwas(12)theimproperuseofthecountry'sbanksecrecylaws,andits(13)wastocurbseverelythesystemofsecrecy.

Theruleswhichthebankshadagreedtoobserve(14)heopeningofnumberedaccountssubjecttomuchcloser_(15)thanbefore.Thebankswouldberequired,ifnecessary,to(16)_theoriginofforeignfundsgoingintonumberedandotheraccounts.Theideawastostopsuchaccountsbeingusedfor(17)purposes.Also,theyagreednottoacceptfundsresultingfromtax(18)orfromcrime.

Thepactrepresentedessentiallyatighteningupofbankingrules.(19)thebanksagreedtoendrelationswithclientswhoseidentitieswereunclearorwhowereperformingimproperacts,theywerestillnotobligedtoinform(20

)aclienttoanyone,includingtheSwissgovernment.Tosomeextent,therefore,theprincipleofsecrecyhadbeenmaintained.

问题1选项

A.resisted

B.endured

C.withstood

D.opposed

问题2选项

A.inturn

B.inreturn

C.incase

D.inall

问题3选项

A.owners

B.possessors

C.keepers

D.holders

问题4选项

A.that

B.while

C.which

D.therefore

问题5选项

A.disrespectful

B.irresponsible

C.irresistible

D.irrational

问题6选项

A.about

B.of

C.after

D.for

问题7选项

A.Contributed

B.Havingcontributed

C.Contributing

D.Contribute

问题8选项

A.exchange

B.withdraw

C.deposit

D.cash

问题9选项

A.nevertheless

B.asamatteroffact

C.therefore

D.ofcourse

问题10选项

A.shock

B.blue

C.sudden

D.blew

问题11选项

A.pact

B.pretext

C.proviso

D.contract

问题12选项

A.prevent

B.tohaveprevented

C.preventing

D.toprevent

问题13选项

A.effect

B.influence

C.affect

D.impact

问题14选项

A.invoked

B.made

C.caused

D.induced

问题15选项

A.research

B.search

C.scrutiny

D.survey

问题16选项

A.discover

B.identify

C.learn

D.know

问题17选项

A.suspectable

B.unsure

C.dubious

D.implausible

问题18选项

A.evasion

B.neglect

C.omission

D.escape

问题19选项

A.Inspite

B.Although

C.Until

D.Even

问题20选项

A.with

B.about

C.on

D.of

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:B

第7题:C

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:B

第11题:A

第12题:D

第13题:A

第14题:B

第15题:C

第16题:B

第17题:C

第18题:A

第19题:B

第20题:C

【解析】（1）resisted反抗；endured忍耐；withstood抵挡，经得起；opposed反对。句意：一年来，它们成功地顶住了本国政府对这一制度提出的每一个挑战。选项C符合原文。

（2）inturn轮流，依次；inreturn作为回报；incase万一，假使；inall总共，合计。句意：反过来，这些政府又经常被外国政府要求披露某些账户持有人的财务状况的信息。选项A符合原文。

（3）accountholders指账户持有人。

（4）that在这里引导同位语从句，不做任何成分。

（5）disrespectful无礼的，失礼的；irresponsible不负责任的，不可靠的；irresistible不可抗拒的，极为诱人的；irrational不合理的。根据下文，瑞士的账户数量有限，而且银行家们不会问储户一些棘手的问题。所以这对外国的富人来说是不可抗拒的，选项C符合原文。

（6）askquestionof+sb.指向某人提问。about关于，for表原因，句意：银行家们不会问储户一些棘手的问题。故答案为B。

（7）句意：造成这种神秘感的一个原因是……。这里用-ing形式表主动语态。

（8）根据原文：一旦放弃这种保密政策，外国人就会争先恐后地，瑞士银行体系也会在一夜之间崩溃。选项B取款符合句意。

（9）对许多人来说，1977年瑞士银行宣布与瑞士中央银行签署的一项协议犹如晴天霹雳。根据上下文逻辑，这里应该填选项C更符合。

（10）aboltoutoftheblue为固定搭配，指出人意料的事，晴天霹雳。

（11）pact协定，契约；pretext借口，托辞；proviso附文，限制性条款；contract合同，婚约。签署协议更恰当，所以选项A正确。

（12）toprevent表目的。Theaimofsth.is/wastodosth.

（13）effect影响，效果，作用；influence影响，感化；affect做名词指情感；impact效果，影响。根据后面的to可知答案为A。influence，affect，impact后面都接on。

（14）invoked呼唤；induced引诱，说服。根据原文：银行同意遵守的规则，使得有编号账户的开户受到比以前更严格的审查。选项B符合原文。

（15）scrutiny指详细审查。