路由器与路由协议课件

第四章路由器与路由协议路由器的功能与特性路由器的工作原理路由器的基本组成路由器的初始配置与管理第四章路由器与路由协议路由器的功能与特性第四章路由器与路由协议路由选择概述启动静态路由路由协议与算法典型路由协议的配置第四章路由器与路由协议路由选择概述第四章路由器的功能路由处理转发数据包其它

－访问控制－广播/组播控制－WAN接入第四章路由器的功能路由处理路由器的工作原理检查收到的包->解析目的地址并查找路由表->TTL-1->发送RoutingTableNETINTMetric124S0S0E01001.04.01.3E04.3S02.2E02.1S01.2RoutingTableNETINTMetric124E0S0S0001路由器的工作原理检查收到的包->解析目的地址并查找路由表->路由器的工作原理路由表包含路由器直连的网络和学习到的目的网络，可依据拓朴的变化调整RoutedProtocol:IP

Network

ProtocolDestination

NetworkExitInterfaceE0

S0

Connected

Learned

S0E0路由器的工作原理路由表包含路由器直连的网络和学习到的目的网络路由器的基本组成（硬件）CPU（中央处量单元）：负责执行用户命令Flashmemory（闪存）：一种可擦写可编程的ROM内存。在许多路由器上，闪存可用来存放操作系统的镜像和路由器的配置文件副本。ROM（只读存储器）：加电诊断，引导操作系统软件。RAM（随机存储器）：存放路由表、执行分组缓冲，以及在路由器运行时为路由器配置文件提供内存I/Oport（输入/输出端口）：IP包进入和退出路由器的接口路由器的基本组成（硬件）CPU（中央处量单元）：负责执行用户路由器的基本组成（软件）操作系统的镜像文件配置文件。路由器的基本组成（软件）操作系统的镜像文件路由器体系结构的发展第一代：共享总线式CPU内存网卡网卡网卡总线路由器体系结构的发展第一代：共享总线式CPU内存网卡网卡网卡路由器体系结构的发展第二代：多处理器共享总线式CPU内存缓存总线网络接口卡从处理器缓存从处理器缓存从处理器路由器体系结构的发展第二代：多处理器共享总线式CPU内存缓存路由器体系结构的发展第三代：多处理器交换式CPU内存缓存网络接口卡从处理器缓存从处理器缓存从处理器交换结构路由器体系结构的发展第三代：多处理器交换式CPU内存缓存网络路由器体系结构的发展第四代：多转发引擎同时处理主路由处理器共享内存交叉开关阵列网卡网卡网卡转发引擎转发引擎转发引擎路由器体系结构的发展第四代：多转发引擎同时处理主路由处理器网制约路由器性能的因素处理器的处理能力内存大小访问速度内部交换模块带宽制约路由器性能的因素处理器的处理能力路由器的初始配置与管理熟悉配置界面及帮助系统察看系统信息察看配置文件察看终端线察看接口状态路由器的初始配置与管理熟悉配置界面及帮助系统路由器的初始配置与管理清除旧配置设置主机名设置密码配置接口Telnet的使用与管理配置文件与操作系统映像文件的管理路由器的初始配置与管理清除旧配置Unconfiguredversusconfiguredrouter ---SystemConfigurationDialog---

Continuewithconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:yes

Atanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?'forhelp.

Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.

Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.

Setupmodewg_ro_ccon0isnowavailablePressRETURNtogetstarted.User-modepromptwg_ro_c>BootUpOutputfromtheRouterConsoleUnconfiguredversusconfiguredSetup:TheInitial

ConfigurationDialogRouter#setup---SystemConfigurationDialog---Continuewithconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:yAtanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?'forhelp.Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.Basicmanagementsetupconfiguresonlyenoughconnectivityformanagementofthesystem,extendedsetupwillaskyoutoconfigureeachinterfaceonthesystemWouldyouliketoenterbasicmanagementsetup?[yes/no]:nSetup:TheInitial

ConfiguratSetupInterfaceSummaryFirst,wouldyouliketoseethecurrentinterfacesummary?[yes]:InterfaceIP-AddressOK?MethodStatusProtocolBRI0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownBRI0:1unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownBRI0:2unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownEthernet0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownSerial0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownInterfacesfoundduringstartupSetupInterfaceSummaryFirst,

SetupGlobalParametersInitialglobalparametersConfiguringglobalparameters:Enterhostname[Router]:wg_ro_cTheenablesecretisapasswordusedtoprotectaccesstoprivilegedEXECandconfigurationmodes.Thispassword,afterentered,becomesencryptedintheconfiguration.Enterenablesecret:ciscoTheenablepasswordisusedwhenyoudonotspecifyanenablesecretpassword,withsomeoldersoftwareversions,andsomebootimages.Enterenablepassword:sanfranThevirtualterminalpasswordisusedtoprotectaccesstotherouteroveranetworkinterface.Entervirtualterminalpassword:sanjoseConfigureSNMPNetworkManagement?[no]:SetupGlobalParametersInitia

SetupGlobalParameters(cont.)Initialprotocolconfigurations

ConfigureLAT?[yes]:nConfigureAppleTalk?[no]:ConfigureDECnet?[no]:ConfigureIP?[yes]:ConfigureIGRProuting?[yes]:nConfigureRIProuting?[no]:ConfigureCLNS?[no]:ConfigureIPX?[no]:ConfigureVines?[no]:ConfigureXNS?[no]:ConfigureApollo?[no]:SetupGlobalParameters(contSetupInterfaceParametersBRIinterfaceneedsisdnswitch-typetobeconfiguredValidswitchtypesare:[0]none..........Onlyifyoudon'twanttoconfigureBRI.[1]basic-1tr6....1TR6switchtypeforGermany[2]basic-5ess....AT&T5ESSswitchtypefortheUS/Canada[3]basic-dms100..NorthernDMS-100switchtypeforUS/Canada[4]basic-net3....NET3switchtypeforUKandEurope[5]basic-ni......NationalISDNswitchtype[6]basic-ts013...TS013switchtypeforAustralia[7]ntt...........NTTswitchtypeforJapan[8]vn3...........VN3andVN4switchtypesforFranceChooseISDNBRISwitchType[2]:Configuringinterfaceparameters:DoyouwanttoconfigureBRI0(BRId-channel)interface?[no]:DoyouwanttoconfigureEthernet0interface?[no]:yConfigureIPonthisinterface?[no]:yIPaddressforthisinterface:3Subnetmaskforthisinterface[]:ClassAnetworkis,24subnetbits;maskis/24DoyouwanttoconfigureSerial0interface?[no]:SetupInterfaceParametersBRISetupScriptReviewandUseThefollowingconfigurationcommandscriptwascreated:hostnameRouterenablesecret5$1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enablepasswordsanfranlinevty04passwordsanjosenosnmp-server!noappletalkroutingnodecnetroutingiproutingnoclnsroutingnoipxroutingnovinesroutingnoxnsroutingnoapolloroutingisdnswitch-typebasic-5essinterfaceBRI0shutdownnoipaddress!interfaceEthernet0noshutdownipaddress1nomopenabled!interfaceSerial0shutdownnoipaddress<textomitted>end[0]GototheIOScommandpromptwithoutsavingthisconfig.[1]Returnbacktothesetupwithoutsavingthisconfig.[2]Savethisconfigurationtonvramandexit.Enteryourselection[2]:SetupScriptReviewandUseTheConsolewg_ro_c>wg_ro_c>enablewg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#disablewg_ro_c>wg_ro_c>logoutwg_ro_ccon0isnowavailablePressRETURNtogetstarted.UsermodepromptPrivilegedmodepromptLoggingintotheRouterConsolewg_ro_c>wg_ro_ccon0isYoucanabbreviateacommandtothefewestcharactersthatmakeauniquecharacterstringRouterUserMode

CommandListwg_ro_c>?Execcommands:

access-enableCreateatemporaryAccess-Listentry

atmsigExecuteAtmSignallingCommands

cdChangecurrentdevice

clearResetfunctions

connectOpenaterminalconnection

dirListfilesongivendevice

disableTurnoffprivilegedcommands

disconnectDisconnectanexistingnetworkconnection

enableTurnonprivilegedcommands

exitExitfromtheEXEC

helpDescriptionoftheinteractivehelpsystem

latOpenalatconnection

lockLocktheterminal

loginLoginasaparticularuser

logoutExitfromtheEXEC

--More--Youcanabbreviateacommandtwg_ro_c#?Execcommands:access-enableCreateatemporaryAccess-Listentryaccess-profileApplyuser-profiletointerfaceaccess-templateCreateatemporaryAccess-ListentrybfeFormanualemergencymodessettingcdChangecurrentdirectoryclearResetfunctionsclockManagethesystemclockconfigureEnterconfigurationmodeconnectOpenaterminalconnectioncopyCopyfromonefiletoanotherdebugDebuggingfunctions(seealso'undebug')deleteDeleteafiledirListfilesonafilesystemdisableTurnoffprivilegedcommandsdisconnectDisconnectanexistingnetworkconnectionenableTurnonprivilegedcommandseraseEraseafilesystemexitExitfromtheEXEChelpDescriptionoftheinteractivehelpsystem--More--RouterPrivilegedMode

CommandListYoucancompleteacommandstringbytypingtheuniquecharacterstringthenpressingthetabkeywg_ro_c#?RouterPrivilegedModRouterCommandLine

HelpFacilitiesContext-SensitiveHelpConsoleErrorMessagesIdentifyproblemswithroutercommandsincorrectlyenteredsothatyoucanalterorcorrectthem.Allowsrecalloflongorcomplexcommandsorentriesforreentry,review,orcorrection.CommandHistoryBufferProvidesalistofcommandsandtheargumentsassociated

withaspecificcommand.

RouterCommandLine

HelpFaciRouterContext-SensitiveHelpRouter#clokTranslating"CLOK"%Unknowncommandorcomputername,orunabletofindcomputeraddressRouter#cl?clearclockRouter#clock%Incompletecommand.Router#clock?setSetthetimeanddateRouter#clockset%Incompletecommand.Router#<Ctrl-P>clockset?hh:mm:ssCurrentTime

SymbolictranslationCommandpromptingLastcommandrecallRouterContext-SensitiveHelpRRouterContext-SensitiveHelp(cont.)Router#clokTranslating"CLOK"%Unknowncommandorcomputername,orunabletofindcomputeraddressRouter#clearclockRouter#%Incompletecommand.Router#setSetthetimeanddateRouter#%Incompletecommand.Router#hh:mm:ssCurrentTimeRouter#clockset19:56:00%Incompletecommand.Router#clockset19:56:00?<1-31>DayofthemonthMONTHMonthoftheyearRouter#clockset19:56:00048^%Invalidinputdetectedatthe'^'markerRouter#clockset19:56:0004August%Incompletecommand.Router#clockset19:56:0004August?<1993-2035>YearCommand

promptingSyntaxcheckingCommand

promptingRouterContext-SensitiveHelp

(Automaticscrollingoflonglines).

<Ctrl-A>

Movetothebeginningofthecommandline.

<Ctrl-E>

Movetotheendofthecommandline.

<Esc-B>

Movebackoneword.

<Ctrl-F>

Moveforwardonecharacter.

<Ctrl-B>

Movebackonecharacter.

<Esc-F>

Moveforwardoneword.UsingEnhancedEditingCommands<Ctrl-D>Deleteasinglecharacter.

Router>$valueforcustomers,employees,andpartners. (AutomaticscrollingoCtrl-PorUparrowLast(previous)commandrecallCtrl-NorDownarrowMorerecentcommandrecallRouter>showhistoryShowcommandbuffercontentsRouter>terminalhistorysizelines

SetsessioncommandbuffersizeReviewingRouterCommandHistoryCtrl-PorUparrowLast(previoshowversionCommandwg_ro_a#showversionCiscoInternetworkOperatingSystemSoftwareIOS(tm)2500Software(C2500-JS-L),Version12.0(3),RELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)Copyright(c)1986-1999byciscoSystems,Inc.CompiledMon08-Feb-9918:18byphanguyeImagetext-base:0x03050C84,data-base:0x00001000ROM:SystemBootstrap,Version11.0(10c),SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH:3000BootstrapSoftware(IGS-BOOT-R),Version11.0(10c),RELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_auptimeis20minutesSystemrestartedbyreloadSystemimagefileis"flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"(outputomitted)--More--Configurationregisteris0x2102

showversionCommandwg_ro_a#shViewingtheConfigurationConsoleIOSSetuputilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-configSetupsavestheconfigurationtoNVRAMConfigConfigRAMNVRAMViewingtheConfigurationConsoshowrunningandshowstartupCommandswg_ro_c#showstartup-configUsing1359outof32762bytes!version12.0! --More--wg_ro_c#showrunning-configBuildingconfiguration...

Currentconfiguration:

!

version12.0! --More--InNVRAMInRAMDisplaycurrentandsavedconfigurationshowrunningandshowstartupOverviewofRouterModesRouter(config)#Router>enableRouter#configtermExitCtrl-Z(end)UserEXECmodePrivilegedEXECmodeGlobalconfigurationmodeConfigurationModePromptInterface Router(config-if)#Subinterface Router(config-subif)#Controller Router(config-controller)#Line Router(config-line)#Router Router(config-router)#IPXrouter Router(config-ipx-router)#OverviewofRouterModesRouterSavingConfigurationswg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copyrunning-configstartup-configDestinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration…wg_ro_c#CopythecurrentconfigurationtoNVRAMSavingConfigurationswg_ro_c#CConfiguringRouterIdentificationRouterNameRouter(config)#hostnamewg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#InterfaceDescriptionwg_ro_c(config)#interfaceethernet0wg_ro_c(config-if)#descriptionEngineeringLAN,Bldg.18ConfiguringRouterIdentificatRouter(config)#lineconsole0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#passwordciscoConsolePasswordVirtualTerminalPasswordRouter(config)#linevty04Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#passwordsanjoseEnablePasswordRouter(config)#enablepasswordciscoSecretPasswordRouter(config)#enablesecretsanfran

RouterPasswordConfiguration加密所有的密码Router(config)#servicepassword-encryption Router(config)#lineconsole0COtherConsoleLineCommandsRouter(config)#lineconsole0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout00PreventsconsolesessiontimeoutOtherConsoleLineCommandsRouRouter(config)#interfacetypenumberRouter(config-if)#ConfiguringanInterfacetypeincludesserial,ethernet,tokenring,fddi,hssi,loopback,dialer,null,async,atm,bri,andtunnelnumberisusedtoidentifyindividualinterfacesRouter(config-if)#exitQuitfromcurrentinterfaceconfigurationmodeRouter(config)#interfacetypeslot/portRouter(config-if)#FormodularroutersRouter(config)#interfacetypeConfiguringaSerialInterfaceEnterglobal

configurationmodeRouter(config-if)#clockrate64000Router(config-if)#Router(config)#interfaceserial0Router(config-if)#Router#configuretermRouter(config)#Router(config-if)#bandwidth64Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#SpecifyinterfaceSetclockrate

(onDCEinterfaces

only)Setbandwidth

(recommended)ConfiguringaSerialInterfaceRouter#showinterfaceserial0Serial0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis/24MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)Lastinput00:00:09,output00:00:04,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverInputqueue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstrategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0(size/maxtotal/threshold/drops)Conversations0/1/256(active/maxactive/maxtotal)ReservedConversations0/0(allocated/maxallocated)5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec(outputomitted)

VerifyingYourChangesRouter#showinterfaceserial0DisablingorEnablinganInterfaceRouter#configuretermRouter(config)#interfaceserial0Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceSeria0,changedstatetoup%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineProtocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoupEnablesaninterfacethatisadministrativelyshutdownRouter#configuretermRouter(config)#interfaceserial0Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoadministrativelydown%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstatetodownAdministrativelyturnsoffaninterfaceDisablingorEnablinganInterRouter#showinterfacesserial1Serial1isup,lineprotocolisup

HardwareisHD64570

Description:64KbLinetoSanJose::::::::::::::::::Operational..................Connectionproblem...Interfaceproblem........Disabled......................Serial1isup,lineprotocolisupSerial1isup,lineprotocolisdownSerial1isdown,lineprotocolisdownSerial1isadministrativelydown,lineprotocolisdownKeepalivesCarrierDetectInterpretingInterfaceStatusRouter#showinterfacesserialSerialInterfaceshowcontrollerCommandRouter#showcontrollerserial0HDunit0,idb=0x121C04,driverstructureat0x127078buffersize1524HDunit0,V.35DTEcable

. . .ShowscabletypeofserialcablesSerialInterfaceshowcontrollRouterIPAddressConfigurationAssignsanaddressandsubnetmaskStartsIPprocessingonarouterinterfaceRouter(config-if)#ipaddressip-addresssubnet-maskRouterIPAddressConfiguratioUsingTelnettoConnecttoRemoteDevicesRemotedeviceSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1RouterA#telnetTrying...Open-------------------------------------------------Catalyst1900ManagementConsoleCopyright(c)CiscoSystems,Inc.1993-1998Allrightsreserved.EnterpriseEditionSoftwareEthernetAddress:00-90-86-73-33-40PCANumber:73-2239-06PCASerialNumber:FAA02359H8KModelNumber:WS-C1924-ENSystemSerialNumber:FAA0237X0FQ..SwitchB>UsingTelnettoConnecttoRemViewingTelnetConnectionsSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1RouterA#shsessionConnHostAddressByteIdleConnName101*200RouterA#shuserLineUserHost(s)IdleLocation*0con03211vty0idle1ViewingTelnetConnectionsSwitSuspendingaTelnetSessionSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1RouterB#<Ctrl-Shift-6>xRouterA#shsessionConnHostAddressByteIdleConnName101RouterA#resume1RouterB#SuspendingaTelnetSessionSwiRouterA#disconnectClosingconnectionto[confirm]RouterA#clearline11[confirm][OK]ClosingaTelnetSessionClosingasessionopenedbyaremotedeviceClosingthecurrentsessionopenedbyyouSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1ClosingaTelnetSessionClosinSourcesofConfigurationsConfigConfigConsoleRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalTFTPserverEraseStartcopyrunningstartupcopystartuprunning(merge)TFTP

serverBlank000000000000erase

startconfigterm(merge)copytftprun(merge)copytftpstartcopystarttftpcopyruntftpSourcesofConfigurationsConficopyruntftpandcopytftprunCommandswg_ro_a#copyrunning-configtftpAddressornameofremotehost[]?Destinationfilename[running-config]?wgroa.cfg.!!1684bytescopiedin13.300secs(129bytes/sec)

wg_ro_a#copytftprunning-configAddressornameofremotehost[]?Sourcefilename[]?wgroa.cfgDestinationfilename[running-config]?Accessingt/wgroa.cfg...Loadingwgroa.cfgfrom(viaEthernet0):![OK-1684/3072bytes]1684bytescopiedin17.692secs(99bytes/sec)

copyruntftpandcopytftpruCiscoIOSFileSystemsandDevicesRAMNVRAMTFTP

serverFlashflash:system:nvram:tftp:CiscoIOSFileSystemsandDevManagingIOSImagesNetworkserverFLASHRouterc2500-js-l_120-3.binNetwork

serverManagingIOSImagesNetworkFLASPreparingforaNetworkBackupImageRouterc2500-js-l_120-3.binNetwork

serverCheckaccesstotheserverCheckspaceavailableontheserverCheckfilenamingconventionCreatefileonserverifrequiredPreparingforaNetworkBackupwg_ro_a#showflashSystemflashdirectory:FileLengthName/status110084696c2500-js-l_120-3.bin[10084760bytesused,6692456available,16777216total]16384KbytesofprocessorboardSystemflash(ReadONLY)VerifyingMemoryandDecipheringImageFilenamesVerifyFlashmemoryhasroomfortheIOSimagewg_ro_a#showflashVerifyingMewg_ro_a#copyflashtftpSourcefilename[]?c2500-js-l_120-3.binAddressornameofremotehost[]?Destinationfilename[c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<outputomitted>10084696bytescopiedin709.228secs(14223bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#CreatingaSoftwareImageBackupBackupcurrentfilespriortoupdatingFlashNetworkserverFLASHcopyflashtftpwg_ro_a#copyflashtftpCreatinwg_ro_a#copytftpflashAddressornameofremotehost[]?Sourcefilename[]?c2500-js-l_120-3.binDestinationfilename[c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]?Accessingt/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin...Eraseflash:beforecopying?[confirm]Erasingtheflashfilesystemwillremoveallfiles!Continue?[confirm]Erasingdevice...eeeee(outputomitted)...erasedEraseofflash:completeLoadingc2500-js-l_120-3.binfrom(viaEthernet0):!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(outputomitted)[OK-10084696/20168704bytes]Verifyingchecksum...OK(0x9AA0)10084696bytescopiedin309.108secs(32636bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#UpgradingtheImagefromtheNetNetworkserverFLASHwg_ro_a#copytftpflashUpgradi第四章路由器与路由协议路由器的功能与特性路由器的工作原理路由器的基本组成路由器的初始配置与管理第四章路由器与路由协议路由器的功能与特性第四章路由器与路由协议路由选择概述启动静态路由路由协议与算法典型路由协议的配置第四章路由器与路由协议路由选择概述第四章路由器的功能路由处理转发数据包其它

－访问控制－广播/组播控制－WAN接入第四章路由器的功能路由处理路由器的工作原理检查收到的包->解析目的地址并查找路由表->TTL-1->发送RoutingTableNETINTMetric124S0S0E01001.04.01.3E04.3S02.2E02.1S01.2RoutingTableNETINTMetric124E0S0S0001路由器的工作原理检查收到的包->解析目的地址并查找路由表->路由器的工作原理路由表包含路由器直连的网络和学习到的目的网络，可依据拓朴的变化调整RoutedProtocol:IP

Network

ProtocolDestination

NetworkExitInterfaceE0

S0

Connected

Learned

S0E0路由器的工作原理路由表包含路由器直连的网络和学习到的目的网络路由器的基本组成（硬件）CPU（中央处量单元）：负责执行用户命令Flashmemory（闪存）：一种可擦写可编程的ROM内存。在许多路由器上，闪存可用来存放操作系统的镜像和路由器的配置文件副本。ROM（只读存储器）：加电诊断，引导操作系统软件。RAM（随机存储器）：存放路由表、执行分组缓冲，以及在路由器运行时为路由器配置文件提供内存I/Oport（输入/输出端口）：IP包进入和退出路由器的接口路由器的基本组成（硬件）CPU（中央处量单元）：负责执行用户路由器的基本组成（软件）操作系统的镜像文件配置文件。路由器的基本组成（软件）操作系统的镜像文件路由器体系结构的发展第一代：共享总线式CPU内存网卡网卡网卡总线路由器体系结构的发展第一代：共享总线式CPU内存网卡网卡网卡路由器体系结构的发展第二代：多处理器共享总线式CPU内存缓存总线网络接口卡从处理器缓存从处理器缓存从处理器路由器体系结构的发展第二代：多处理器共享总线式CPU内存缓存路由器体系结构的发展第三代：多处理器交换式CPU内存缓存网络接口卡从处理器缓存从处理器缓存从处理器交换结构路由器体系结构的发展第三代：多处理器交换式CPU内存缓存网络路由器体系结构的发展第四代：多转发引擎同时处理主路由处理器共享内存交叉开关阵列网卡网卡网卡转发引擎转发引擎转发引擎路由器体系结构的发展第四代：多转发引擎同时处理主路由处理器网制约路由器性能的因素处理器的处理能力内存大小访问速度内部交换模块带宽制约路由器性能的因素处理器的处理能力路由器的初始配置与管理熟悉配置界面及帮助系统察看系统信息察看配置文件察看终端线察看接口状态路由器的初始配置与管理熟悉配置界面及帮助系统路由器的初始配置与管理清除旧配置设置主机名设置密码配置接口Telnet的使用与管理配置文件与操作系统映像文件的管理路由器的初始配置与管理清除旧配置Unconfiguredversusconfiguredrouter ---SystemConfigurationDialog---

Continuewithconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:yes

Atanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?'forhelp.

Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.

Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.

Setupmodewg_ro_ccon0isnowavailablePressRETURNtogetstarted.User-modepromptwg_ro_c>BootUpOutputfromtheRouterConsoleUnconfiguredversusconfiguredSetup:TheInitial

ConfigurationDialogRouter#setup---SystemConfigurationDialog---Continuewithconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:yAtanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?'forhelp.Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.Basicmanagementsetupconfiguresonlyenoughconnectivityformanagementofthesystem,extendedsetupwillaskyoutoconfigureeachinterfaceonthesystemWouldyouliketoenterbasicmanagementsetup?[yes/no]:nSetup:TheInitial

ConfiguratSetupInterfaceSummaryFirst,wouldyouliketoseethecurrentinterfacesummary?[yes]:InterfaceIP-AddressOK?MethodStatusProtocolBRI0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownBRI0:1unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownBRI0:2unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownEthernet0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownSerial0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownInterfacesfoundduringstartupSetupInterfaceSummaryFirst,

SetupGlobalParametersInitialglobalparametersConfiguringglobalparameters:Enterhostname[Router]:wg_ro_cTheenablesecretisapasswordusedtoprotectaccesstoprivilegedEXECandconfigurationmodes.Thispassword,afterentered,becomesencryptedintheconfiguration.Enterenablesecret:ciscoTheenablepasswordisusedwhenyoudonotspecifyanenablesecretpassword,withsomeoldersoftwareversions,andsomebootimages.Enterenablepassword:sanfranThevirtualterminalpasswordisusedtoprotectaccesstotherouteroveranetworkinterface.Entervirtualterminalpassword:sanjoseConfigureSNMPNetworkManagement?[no]:SetupGlobalParametersInitia

SetupGlobalParameters(cont.)Initialprotocolconfigurations

ConfigureLAT?[yes]:nConfigureAppleTalk?[no]:ConfigureDECnet?[no]:ConfigureIP?[yes]:ConfigureIGRProuting?[yes]:nConfigureRIProuting?[no]:ConfigureCLNS?[no]:ConfigureIPX?[no]:ConfigureVines?[no]:ConfigureXNS?[no]:ConfigureApollo?[no]:SetupGlobalParameters(contSetupInterfaceParametersBRIinterfaceneedsisdnswitch-typetobeconfiguredValidswitchtypesare:[0]none..........Onlyifyoudon'twanttoconfigureBRI.[1]basic-1tr6....1TR6switchtypeforGermany[2]basic-5ess....AT&T5ESSswitchtypefortheUS/Canada[3]basic-dms100..NorthernDMS-100switchtypeforUS/Canada[4]basic-net3....NET3switchtypeforUKandEurope[5]basic-ni......NationalISDNswitchtype[6]basic-ts013...TS013switchtypeforAustralia[7]ntt...........NTTswitchtypeforJapan[8]vn3...........VN3andVN4switchtypesforFranceChooseISDNBRISwitchType[2]:Configuringinterfaceparameters:DoyouwanttoconfigureBRI0(BRId-channel)interface?[no]:DoyouwanttoconfigureEthernet0interface?[no]:yConfigureIPonthisinterface?[no]:yIPaddressforthisinterface:3Subnetmaskforthisinterface[]:ClassAnetworkis,24subnetbits;maskis/24DoyouwanttoconfigureSerial0interface?[no]:SetupInterfaceParametersBRISetupScriptReviewandUseThefollowingconfigurationcommandscriptwascreated:hostnameRouterenablesecret5$1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enablepasswordsanfranlinevty04passwordsanjosenosnmp-server!noappletalkroutingnodecnetroutingiproutingnoclnsroutingnoipxroutingnovinesroutingnoxnsroutingnoapolloroutingisdnswitch-typebasic-5essinterfaceBRI0shutdownnoipaddress!interfaceEthernet0noshutdown