上海名校高中自主招生英语阅读理解（培优）第1讲：完形填空题（含答案）

第01讲：名校高中自主招生完形填空题❖考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接以解题技巧-一、利用文章首句信息解题[例1]Overthepastfewdecades,moreandmorecountrieshaveopenedupthemarkets,increasinglytransformingtheworldeconomyintoonefree-flowingglobalmarket.Thequestionis:Iseconomicglobalization50forall?（2013年上海英语高考）50.A.possible B.smoothC.goodD.easy【答案】C【解析】根据文章首句解题。本题是整篇完型的首句，强调开放市场的好处，后文中的“Thequestion”表转折，突出经济全球化是否并无弊端，因此选C选项。【例2】Everyoneinbusinesshasbeentoldthatsuccessisallaboutattractingandretaining（留住）customers.Itsoundssimpleandachievable.But,50,wordsofwisdomaresoonforgotten.（2011年上海高考英语）50.A.inparticularB.inrealityC.atleastD.firstofall【答案】B【解析】根据文章首句解题。本句是文章开头句，根据句意，做生意看似简单，但事实上并没有想象中的简单，所以选B选项。[例3]Mostpeoplebelievetheydon'thavemuchimagination.Theyare50.Everyonehasimagination.（2009年上海高考英语）50.A.wrongB.unbelievableC.reasonableD.realistic50.A.wrongB.unbelievableC.reasonableD.realistic【答案】A【解析】根据文章首句解题。本句是整篇完型的开头句，空格的前后表示对于想象力的相反的观点,因此选择A选项。二、利用逻辑关系解题【例1】Criticstakeadifferentview,believingthateconomicglobalizationisactually57thegapbetweentherichandpoor.（2013年上海高考英语）A.finding B.exploring C.bridging D.widening【答案】D【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。完型前文提到经济全球化的利处，本句笔锋一转，表明经济全球化也有弊端，那就是能增大贫富差距，选择D选项，考生容易对于gap一词的不熟悉做出误判。[例2]Insomesituations,thosewhoarephysicallyattractivearemorelikelytoreceiveaid.56 ,inafieldstudyresearchersplacedacompletedapplicationtograduateschoolinatelephoneboxattheairport.（2012年上海高考英语）A.AtfirstB.AboveallC.InadditionD.Forexample【答案】D【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。本题空格的前文是观点句，后文则是以具体的研究来证明观点，根据两者间的逻辑关系，属于观点与举例，因此选择D选项。【例3】Acustomerwhoreceivesapoorqualityproductorserviceontheirfirstvisitand58neverreturns,islosingthecompanythousandsofdollarsinpotentialprofits.（2011年上海高考英语）A.asaresultB.onthewholeC.inconclusionD.onthecontrary【答案】A【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。空格前文表明顾客收到劣质产品，后文则说不再购买公司产品，两者是逻辑关系中的因果关系，选填表示因果关系的asaresult。[例4]Whatisthepurposeofthedressrehearsalsandtheout-of-townpreviewsthatmanyBroadwayshowsgothrough?Theanswerisadding,deleting,replacing,reordering,51revising.（2010年上海高考英语）51.A.inparticularB.asaresultC.forexampleD.inotherwords【答案】D【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。前文提到百老汇演出所经历的步骤，涉及添加、删除、替换和重新排序。这些步骤和后文的revise所表述的意思是一致的，选D选项。【例5】Thinkaboutyourgoalandthenewpossibilities.Ifyourgoalistolearntoski,60.youcannowpracticeskiingeverydayofyourlife（becauseyouhavethetimeandthemoney）.（2009年上海高考英语）60.A.infactB.inparticularC.asawholeD.forexample【答案】D【解析】根据逻辑关系解题。空格前文是观点句，后文则举了滑雪的例子具体来说明确定目标的新的可能性的观点，选填D选项。三、利用词汇复现解题【例1】Themeasureofhelpingwaswhethertheindividualwhofoundtheenvelopeactuallymaileditornot.Resultsshowedthatpeopleweremorelikelyto59theapplicationifthepersoninthephotowasphysicallyattractive.（2012年上海高考英语）A.sendinB.throwawayC.filloutD.turndown【答案】A【解析】根据词汇复现解题。根据上文提到的“mail”一词，空格处填相近含义的“sendin"，因此选择A选项。【例2】Thelogicbehindcultivatingcustomer60isimpossibletodeny."Inpracticemostcompanies,marketingeffortisfocusedongettingcustomers,withlittleattentionpaidtokeepingthem”.（2011年上海高考英语）A.beliefsB.loyaltyC.habitsD.interest【答案】B【解析】根据词汇复现解题。空格后文提到大多数公司花尽很大努力开发客户，而很少关注留住客户，其中的“keepingihem”需要特别关注，空格处因此填写表忠诚度的"loyalty"«【例3】Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkinresponsetoyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude55ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.（2010年上海高考英语）A.fixedB.ambitiousC.familiarD.fresh【答案】D【解析】根据词汇复现解题。根据后文的“newlydiscovered",选填同一含义的“fresh”作为正确选项。[例4]DoIeverlosesightofmypurpose?HaveIgivenmyreadersallofthe63thatis,facts,opinions.（2010年上海高考英语）A.anglesB.evidenceC.informationD.hints【答案】C【解析】根据词汇复现解题。后文的"facls,opinions”统一都是“infbrmalion”，因此选择C选项。四、利用对比信息解题[例1]SmallfarmersinBrazilwhoproducenutsthatwouldoriginallyhavesoldonlyin56open-airmarketscannowpromotetheirgoodsworldwidebytheInternet.（2013年上海高考英语）A.mature B.new C.local D.foreign【答案】C【解析】根据对比信息解题。后文提到“promotetheirgoodsworldwide”，则前文应是相对应的"localopen-airmarketsT,,选择C选项。[例2]Whenlarge-scalemanufacturersstarttoproducethesamegoods,orwhensuperstoreslikeWal-Martmovein,thesesmallbusinesseswillnotbeableto62andwillbecrowdedout.（2013年上海高考英语）62.A.keepup B.comeinC.goaround D.helpout【答案】A【解析】根据对比信息解题。后文是"becrowdedout",空格处相对地填写表示反义的“keepup”,选择A选项。【例3】Thephotoattachedtotheapplicationwassometimesthatofavery58personandsometimesthatofalessattractiveperson.（2012年上海高考英语）58.A.talentedB.good-lookingC.helpfulD.hard-working【答案】B【解析】根据对比信息解题。空格后文的信息和前文很明显是对比关系，后文是“lessattractive”，则前文选填表示相貌好的“good-looking”。【例4】Makingconnections:Thistechniqueinvolvestaking54ideasandtryingtofindlinksbetweenthem.（2009年上海高考英语）54.A.familiarB.unrelated C.creativeD.imaginary【答案】B【解析】根据对比信息解题。后文提到“linksbetweenthem”,则前面填写相反的表述"unrelated",答案是B选项。五、利用语义理解解题[例1]AstudycarriedoutbytheU.N.-sponsoredWorldCommissionontheSocialDimensionofGlobalizationshowsthatonlyafewdevelopingcountrieshaveactually58fromintegrationintotheworldeconomy.（2013年上海高考英语）58.A.suffered B.profited C.learned D.withdrawn【答案】B【解析】根据语义理解解题。本题所在的段落谈论经济全球化的弊端，因此此处的语义表达应为真正从经济全球化受益的发展中国家很少，选择B选项。[例2] 53toconcentrateonretainingaswellasattractingcustomerscostsbusinesshugeamountsofmoneyannually.（2011年上海高考英语）53.A.Moving.B.Hoping C.Starting D.Failing【答案】D【解析】根据语义理解解题。后文提到每年消耗了公司大量的金钱，显然之前提到的事情是不好的，选择“Failing”。【例3】However,don'tmakethemistakeofskippingtherevisionstagethatfollows58.（2010年上海高考英语）58.A.drafting B.rearrangingC.performing D.training【答案】A【解析】根据语义理解解题。根据语义，显然修改是在打草稿之后发生的，选择A选项。〃典例剖析”Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Organizationsandsocietiesrelyonfinesandrewardstocontrolpeople'sself-interestintheserviceofthecommongood.The 21 ofaticketkeepsdriversinline,andthepromiseofabonusinspireshighperformance.Butincentives（激励）canalso 22 ,minifyingtheverybehaviorthey'remeanttoencourage.Agenerationago,RichardTitmussclaimedthatpayingpeopletodonateblood 23 thesupply.Economistswereskeptical,citingalackofscientificevidence.Butsincethen,newdataandmodelshavepromptedaseachangeinhoweconomiststhinkaboutincentives—showing,amongotherthings,thatTitmusswasrightinsomanycasesthatbusinessesshould 24 .Experimentaleconomistshavefoundthatofferingtopaywomenfordonatingblooddecreasesthenumberwillingtodonatebyalmosthalf,andthatlettingthemcontributethepaymenttocharity 25 theeffect.Dozensofrecentexperimentsshowthatrewardingself-interestwitheconomicincentivescanhavetheoppositeresultwhentheydestroywhatAdamSmithcalled*'themoralsentiments（情绪）Thepsychologyherehasescapedblackboardeconomists,butitwillbenosurprisetopeopleinbusiness:Whenwetakeajoborbuyacar,wearenotonlytryingtogetstuff-wearealsotryingtobeacertainkindofperson. 26 ,peopledesiretoberespectedbyothersasethicaland 27 .Andtheydon*twanttobetakenforlosers.Rewardingblooddonationsmaynotservetheintendedpurposebecauseitsuggeststhatthedonorislessinterestedinbeing 28 thaninmakingadollar.Incentivesalsorunintotroublewhentheysignalthattheemployer 29 theemployeeorisgreedy.Closesupervisionofworkerscoupledwith30forperformanceistextbookeconomics,butitcanleadtothedepressionofemployees.Perhapsmostimportant,incentivesaffectwhatouractionssignal,whetherwe'rebeingself-interestedorcivic-minded,manipulatedortrustedandtheycanimply-sometimeswrongly-what31us.Finesorpubliccriticismthatappealtoourmoralsentimentsbysignalingsocialdisapproval（thinkoflittering）canbehighlyeffective.Butincentivesgowrongwhenthey32ordiminishourethicalsensibilities.Thisdoesnotmeanit*s33toappealtoself-interestedandethicalmotivationsatthesametime—justthateffortstodosooftenfail.34,policiessupportsociallyvaluedendsnotonlybycontrollingself-interestbutalsobyencouragingpublic-spiritedness.Thesmalltaxonplasticgrocerybags

passedbylawinIrelandin2002thatresultedintheirvirtualeliminationappearstohavehadsuchaneffect.Itpunishedoffenders 35 whileconveyingamoralmessage.Carryingziplasticbagjoinedwearingafurcoatinthegalleryofanti-socialanachronisms.21.A.temptation B.threatC.valueD.equivalent22.A.overflowB.backfireC.surviveD.work23.A.reducedB.affectedC.affordedD.balanced24.A.cutbackB.standbyC.takenoteD.holdon25.A.causeB.reverseC.takeD.detect26.A.InotherwordsB.OnthecontraryC.BycontrastD.Inaddition27.A.satisfiedB.determinedC.dignifiedD.discouraged28.A.unselfishB.ambitiousC.thoughtfulD.aggressive29.A.boastsB.valuesC.encouragesD.mistrusts30.A.requirementB.criticismC.implicationD.reward31.A.supportsB.threatensC.motivatesD.changes32.A.refineB.offendC.controlD.arouse33.A.impossibleB.strangeC.necessaryD.abnormal34.A.RarelyB.OccasionallyC.SurprisinglyD.Ideally35.A.publiclyB.severelyC.monetarilyD.mildly【答案】21.B 22,B23.A24.C25.B26.B27.C28.A29.A30.D31.C32.B33.A34.D35.C【解析】【分析】本文是议论文。本文就经济激励产生适得其反结果的现象做了深入探讨。。[21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：交通违章罚款单的威胁可使驾车者保持队列，而关于奖金红利的许诺可以激发高业绩。A.temptation诱惑；B.threat威胁；C.value价值；D.equivalent对等的人；当量。根据上文“Organizationsandsocietiesrelyonfinesandrewardstocontrolpeople'sself-interestintheserviceofthecommongood.”可知，各类组织和团体依靠罚款和奖金来控制人们在公益服务中的自私自利。因此推断交通罚单的威胁可以让司机有秩序。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是激励也可能产生适得其反的结果——减少原本想要鼓励的行为。A.overflow溢出；B.backfire适得其反；C,survive幸存：D.work工作。根据下文“minifyingtheverybehaviorthey'remeanttoencourage.“可知，激励减少了原本要鼓励的行为，因此产生了适得其反的结果。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：约20——30年之前，理查德•蒂特马斯（RichardTitmuss）声称，付钱让人们献血会减少血液供应。A.reduced减少；B.affected影响；C.afforded给予；提供；D.balanced保持稳定。根据上文“Butincentives（激励）canalso,minifyingtheverybehaviorthey'remeanttoencourage.”可知，激励可以产生适得其反的结果，减少原本要激励的行为，因此推断付钱让人们献血会减少供应。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但自那以后，新的数据和模型促使经济学家对激励的看法发生了翻天覆地的变化——这表明，蒂特马斯在很多情况下都是正确的，企业应该注意到这一点。A.cutback削减；B.standby支持；袖手旁观；C.takenote注意到；记笔记；D.holdon等一下；继续。根据上文“Titmusswasrightinsomanycases”可推断，蒂特马斯在很多情况下都是正确，因此企业应该注意。故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：实验经济学家发现，给捐血女性提供报酬使愿意捐血的人数减少了将近一半，而让她们将捐血所得贡献给福利事业扭转了这个局面。A.cause导致；B.reverse撤销：颠倒；C.take拿；取；D.detect发现；觉察。根樵第一段的“Butincentives（激励）canalso2 .minifyingtheverybehaviorthey'remeanttoencourage.”可推断，激励会产生适得其反的结果，因此推断给捐血的女性报酬没有更多的人献血，但是让她们把捐血所得给福利事业就扭转了局面。故选B。【26题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：恰恰相反，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。A.Inotherwords换句话说；B.Onthecontrary恰恰相反；C.Bycontrast相比之下；D.Inaddition此夕卜。根据上文“Dozensofrecentexperimentsshowthatrewardingself-interestwitheconomicincentivescanhavetheoppositeresultwhentheydestroywhatAdamSmithcalled"themoralsentiments（情绪）可知，大量近期的实验表明，当激励损害了亚当•斯密所说的“道德情操''时，以经济激励奖赏私利可能产生适得其反的结果。因此推断，相反的，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和美好情操的人。故选B。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：恰恰相反，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。A.satisfied满意的；B.determined意志坚定的；C.dignified有尊严的；D.discouraged灰心的。根据上文“peopledesiretoberespectedbyothers”可知，人们希望受到他人尊重，希望被看作是具有高尚道德和有尊严的人。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：奖励献血可能达不到预期的目的，是因为它暗含“捐血者对无私奉献的兴趣少于对挣钱的热衷”之意。A.unselfish无私的：慷慨的；B.ambitious雄心勃勃的：C.thoughtful体贴的；D.aggressive咄咄逼人的。根据上文“lettingthemcontributethepaymenttocharity”可知，此处说的是无私奉献与挣钱进行对比。故选A。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当激励暗示雇主夸耀雇员或贪婪时，激励也会遇到麻烦。A.boasts自吹自擂；夸耀；B.values重视；C.encourages鼓励；D.mistrusts不信任。由下文的“greedy”可推断，此处表示雇主过分夸耀雇工，激励也会遇到麻烦，故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：密切监督员工并对其表现进行奖励是典型的经济学，但这可能会导致员工的抑郁。A.requirement要求；B.criticism批评；C.implication暗示；D.reward奖赏。根据下文“forperformanceistextbookeconomics”和常识可知，员工会因为好的表现被给予奖励。故选D。[31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：或许最为重要的是，激励影响我们的行为所传达的信息、：我们是自私自利还是热心公益，被操控还是被信任，而且激励可以暗示——有时错误地暗示——我们的动机是什么。A.supports支持；B.threatens威胁；C.motivates激励；D.change改变。由破折号后对前文“whetherwe'rebeingself-interestedorcivic-minded,manipulatedortrusted（我们是自私自利还是热心公益，被操控还是被信任）”解释说明可知，此处说的是是什么激励了我们。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过传达社会的不赞同来启发我们的道德情操的罚款或者公开批评（如乱丢垃圾）颇具成效。可是一旦触犯或者削弱了我们的道德感情，激励就会出问题。A.refine改善；B.offend冒犯；C.control控制；D.arouse引起。由But可推断，上下文是转折关系，根据上文“Finesorpubliccriticismthatappealtoourmoralsentimentsbysignalingsocialdisapproval（thinkoflittering）canbehighlyeffective.”可推断，触犯或者削弱道德情感会让激励出问题。故选B。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不意味着同时启发自私自利且合乎道德的动机是不可能的——只是这样的努力往往以失败告终。A.impossible不可能的；B.strange奇怪的；C.necessary必要的；0.abnormal不正常的。根据下文“policiessupportsociallyvaluedendsnotonlybycontrollingself-interestbutalsobyencouragingpublic-spiritedness.（政策不但要通过治理自私，而且耍通过鼓励公共道德来拥护社会上受重视的目标）“可知，这并不意味着同时启发自私自利且合乎道德的动机是不可能的。故选Ao【34题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：理想的状况下，政策不但要通过治理自私，而且要通过鼓励公共道德来拥护社会上受重视的目标。A.Rarely很少；B.Occasionally偶尔；C.Surprisingly出人意料地；D.Ideally理想地。根据常识可知，既治理了自私又鼓励了公共道德是理想的。故选D。考查副词词义辨析。句意：它在从金钱上惩罚违规者的同时，也传达了一种道德信息。A.publicly公然地；B.severely严重地；C.monetarily财政地；从金钱上；D.mildly温和地。根据上文“ThesmalltaxonplasticgrocerybagspassedbylawinIrelandin2002thatresultedintheirvirtualeliminationappearstohavehadsuchaneffect.（2002年爱尔兰通过的向塑料杂货袋征收小额税款（的法案）取得了实际上消除塑料袋的结果，这似乎就起到了这样的效果。）”可知，从金钱上惩罚了冒犯者。故选C。〃实战演练.Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Shouldyoulistentomusicwhenyouwork?Doyouliketolistentomusicwhenyouwork?Askthisquestionataparty,andyou'llprobablyget31responses.Somewillsaytheyloveit,claimingthatitimprovestheirperformance;otherswillsaytheyfinditdistracting(分散注意力的)andcannotwork32withmusicplayinginthebackground.Interestinglyenough,ourresearchhasfoundthatbothoftheseviewpointscanbetrue.Itjust33onwhatsortofworkyou'redoing.Inarecentstudy,webroughtparticipantsintoourlabtoperformavarietyoftasks.Theyincludeda(n)34task-searchingthroughwordlistsandcrossingoutwordscontainingtheletter"a"andamoredifficulttask—memorizingwordpairsand35wordtoitspartner.Someparticipantscompletedallofthetasksinsilence,36otherscompletedthetaskswithinstrumentalmusicthatwascitherloudorsoft,andeithersimpleorcomplex,thelattermeaningmusicwithmoreinstrumentsbeingplayed.Severalkeyfindings37fromourstudy.Wefoundthatparticipantswholistenedtosimplemusicornomusicperformedaboutthesameontheeasytask.However,participantswholistenedto38musicperformedbestontheeasytaskOnthecontrary,participantsperformedworseonthemoredifficulttaskwhentheylistenedtoanymusic,regardlessofcomplexityorvolume,comparedtothosewhodidn'tlistentoanymusic.Howshouldwe39thesefindings?Wesuggestthatpeoplehavelimitedmentalresourcesfromwhichboth40andtaskscandraw.Wecanbecome41andourmindsmaywanderwhentheseresourcesarenotfullyused.Butwealsocanbecomeover-excitedand42whentheseresourcesareusedup.Notsurprisingly,wetypicallyneedtousefewerofourmentalresourceswhenweperformeasytasks,whereasdemandingtasksrequiremorebrainpower.However,becausewemightbeless43duringeasiertasks,there'sagreaterriskofdriftingoff.Musicmightgiveustheextra44weneedtoovercomethemonotony（单调）.However,difficulttasksalreadydemandlotofourresources.Listeningtomusiccanbecometoomuch.Sobest45shouldappearwhenwestrike“sweetspot,“whichmaydependonthetypeofmusicandthetypeoftask.31.A.fixedB.similarC.variousD.positive32.A.effectivelyB.immediatelyC.exactlyD.happily33.A.dependsB.focusesC.carriesD.takes34.A.unpleasantB.familiarC.impossibleD.easy35.A.matchingB.realizingC.suggestingD.creating36.A.untilB.whileC.sinceD.when37.A.fadedB.appearedC.survivedD.responded38.A.dullB.reliableC.necessaryD.complex39.A.makeupforB.makeoutC.makeuseofD.makeup

40.A.musicB.workC.studyD.culture41.A.surprisedB.boredC.afraidD.proud42.A.interestedB.distractedC.attractedD.worried43.A.disgustedB.embarrassedC.frightenedD.engaged44.A.obstacleB.pushC.opportunityD.rule45.A.actionB.programC.performanceD.problem【答案】31-45CAADABDDBABBDBC【解析】本文是•篇说明文。通过“你上班时会听音乐吗?''这•问题展开研究，发现两种完全相反但又真实存在的观点，无论是音乐提高了工作效率还是分散了注意力，这取决于音乐类型和工作类型。[31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在聚会上问这个问题，大概会得到各种各样的回答。A.fixed固定的：B.similar相似的；C.various各种各样的；D.positive枳极的。根据卜文“Somewillsay;otherswillsay……”可以推断出，对于上班是否听音乐，有各种各样的回答。故选C。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：其他人会说他们觉得这会分散注意力并且播放背景音乐时无法有效工作。A.effectively有效地;B.immediately立刻地：C.exactly精确地；D.happily快乐地。根据前文“otherswillsaytheyfinditdistracting”可知此处指分散注意力，故不能够有效地工作。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这取决于你在做什么工作。A.depends依靠；B.focuses聚焦；C.carries携带;D.takes拿：取。根据下文“dependonthetypeofmusicandthetypeoftask.”可知此处指音乐是否有助于工作取决于你做什么工作。dependon固定短语，意为：依靠；取决于。故选A。【34题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一项研究中，我们将参与者带到实验室来执行各种任务。他们包括一项简单的任务——在单词列表中搜索并划掉包含字母“a”的单词，以及一项更困难的任务—记忆单词对并将其与搭档匹配。A.unpleasant不快乐的：B.familiar熟悉的：C.impossible不可能；D.easy容易的。根据下文“crossingoutwordscontainingtheletter"a"划掉包含字母"a"的单词"和“amoredifficulttask”可知他们包括一项简单的任务。故选D。【35题详解】考查非谓语动词词词义辨析。句意：在最近的一项研究中，我们将参与者带到实验室来执行各种任务。他们包括一项简单的任务——在单词列表中搜索并划掉包含字母“a”的单词，以及一项更困难的任务记忆单词对并将其与搭档匹配。A.matching搭配：B.realizing意识到：C.suggesting建议：D.creating创造。根据上文“memorizingwordpairs”及下文"toitspartner”可知此处指单词匹配。故选A。【36题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：一些参与者在沉默中完成了所有的任务，而另一些参与者则在响亮或柔和、简单或复杂的器乐中完成了任务，后者意味着演奏更多乐器的音乐。A.until直到……：B.while然而；和……同时；C.since自从；从那以后；D.when当…的时候。分析空格前后两句的句意可知两句之间是对比转折关系，while有“然而”这一层意思，可以表对比、转折。故选B。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的研究中出现了几个关键发现。A.faded褪色；B.appeared出现；C.survived幸免；D.responded作出反应；响应。根据下文对“Wefound”可知，研究中出现了几个关键发现。故选B。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，听复杂音乐的参与者在简单的任务中表现最好。A.dull乏味的；单调的；呆板的；B.reliable可依靠的；C.necessary有必要的；D.complex复杂的。根据上文中的“simplemusicornomusic”以及"However”一词可知此处指复杂的音乐。故选D。【39题详解】考查动词短语词义的辨析。句意：我们应该如何理解这些发现？A.makeupfor弥补；补偿；B.makeout弄明白,理解；C.makeuseof利用；D.makeup编造；化妆。根据下文“Wesuggestthat ”以及“andourmindsmaywanderwhentheseresourcesarenotfullyused.而当这些资源未被充分利用时，我们的大脑可能会走神。’'可知，下文是对上文“我们如何如何理解这些发现''的解释。故选B。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为，人们能够从音乐和任务中汲取灵感的智力资源有限。A.music音乐；B.work工作；C.study学习：研究：D.culture文化。根据前文讨论的听音乐与工作关系的细节描述可知此处人们能够从音乐和任务中汲取灵感的智力资源有限。故选A。[41题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这些资源没有得到充分利用时，我们可能会变得无聊，我们的思想可能会走神。A.surprised吃惊的；B.bored无聊的；C.afraid害怕的；D.proud骄傲的。空格处与下文“ourmindsmaywander我们的大脑可能会走神”是并列关系，结合选项可知B选项bored（无聊的）与下文语义衔接恰当，故选B。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，当这些资源耗尽时，我们也可能会过度兴奋和分心。A.interested感兴趣的：B.distracted分心的：C.attracted有吸引力的；D.worried担心的。根据上文“over-excited”可知,当这些资源耗尽时，我们也可能会过度兴奋和分心。故选B。【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，因为我们在更简单的任务中可能没那么投入，所以偏离轨道的风险更大。A.disgusted讨厌的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.frightened害怕的；D.engaged忙的；投入的；已订婚的。根据上文“wetypicallyneedtousefewerofourmentalresourceswhenweperformeasytasks.我们完成简单的任务时，我们通常需要使用较少的大脑资源。”可知，我们处理简单的任务时，一般不会特别投入。故选D。【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：音乐可能会给予我们克服单调所需的额外动力。A.obstacle障碍：B.push推；奋斗：努力；C.opportunity机会；D.rule规则。根据下文“weneedtoovercomethemonotony.我们需要克服单调乏味。'’及上文描述的音乐的积极作用，可知音乐可以促进我们克服单调。故选【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以，最佳表现应该出现在我们达到“最佳位置''时，这可能取决于音乐类型和任务类型。A.action行动；B.program节目；计划；C.performance表演，表现；D.problem问题。根据上文中“claimingthatitimprovestheirperfbrmance.”可知此处指工作表现(performance)取决于音乐类型和工作类型。故选C。Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ThereisaWebsitecalledthe“WorldDatabaseofHappiness.,,Itcombinesandanalyzestheresultsofhundredsofsurveysfromaroundtheworldthathavebeenconductedonlifesatisfaction.Mostofthefindingsare 27 ,butafewaresurprising.Thedatabasemakesitclearthatthereisnotastrongconnectionbetweenmaterialwealthandgeneralcontentment.Itisaclichetosaythatmoneycan'tbuyhappiness,buttheoldsayingseemstobe 28 byresearch.Manypeoplestillclingtothebeliefthatgainingricheswillbetheanswertoalltheirproblems,yettheyareprobably 29 .Studieshavebeen 30 onpeoplewhoacquiredsuddenwealth,suchaslotterywinners.Inmostcases,afterthe 31 joyhadwornoff,peoplewerenotleftwithasenseoflastinghappiness.Infact,theytendedtoreverttothewaythey 32 beforetheybecamerich.Previouslycontentedpeoplecontinuetobecontented, 33 thosewhoweremiserablebeforesinkbackintomisery.Ifmaterialwealthdoesnotbringhappiness,thenwhatdoes?Perhapshappinesshassomethingtodowithwhereyoulive.TheauthoritiesattheWorldDatabaseonHappinesshavesurveyed 34 ofhappinessindifferentcountries. 35 ,peopleinAmerica,Canada,andSingaporeareveryhappy;peoplelivinginIndiaandRussia,notsurprisingly,arenothappy.Othersurveysconsistently36theimportanceofrelationships.37 relationshipsinparticularseemtobethekeytolong-termcontentment.TheWebsitesuggeststhatfallinginloveandhavingchildrenaretwoofthe38thatbringthegreatesthappiness.Nowadayspeoplelooktotechnologyasan39sourceofsatisfaction.PeopleincreasinglyspendmoretimealonewatchingTVorsurfingtheInternet40spendingtimewithfamily.Cantechnologytrulymakepeoplehappy?Itistoodifficulttotell,butonethingissure:IftheWebsite'sresearchisaccurate,timespentwithyourfamilyisabetter41thantimespentmakingmoney.27.A.differentB.predictableC.satisfactoryD.unexpected28.A.challengedB.widespreadC.overtakenD.supported29.A.generousB.positiveC.hesitatedD.mistaken30.A.turnedoutB.donewithC.carriedoutD.putforward31.A.essentialB.pleasantC.initialD.enviable32.A.feltB.hadC.choseD.lived33.A.asB.soC.andD.while34.A.levelsB.standardsC.sensesD.examples35.A.StrangelyB.HopefullyC.ApparentlyD.Surprisingly36.A.pointtoB.holdupC.dealwithD.dependon37.A.PartnerB.FamilyC.RelativeD.Society38.A.situationsB.relationsC.destinationsD.references39.A.convenientB.alternativeC.everlastingD.adequate40.A.asfarasB.ratherthanC.aswellasD.incaseof41.A.environmentB.circumstanceC.investmentD.civilization【答案】27.B 28.D29.D30.C31.C32.A33.D34.A35.C36.AB38.A39.B40.B41.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家名为Wor1dDatabaseofHappiness的网站，这家网站调查分析人们幸福的原因。最终得出结论：和家人的关系是保持幸福的关键。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数发现是可以预测的，但也有一些是令人惊讶的。A.different不同的;B.predictable可预言的：C.satisfactory满意的;D.unexpected意外的，想不到的。与后面的surprising对比，选predictable。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：人们常说金钱买不到幸福，但这句谚语似乎得到了研究的支持。A.challenged挑战；B.widespread普遍的，广泛的；C.overtaken超过，赶上；D.supported支持。根据下文Studieshavebeencarriedoutonpeople…可知，有研究的支持，所以选supported。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人仍然坚信获得财富就能解决他们所有的问题，然而他们可能错了。A.generous慷慨的，大方的；B.positive积极的；C.hesitated犹豫的；D.mistaken误解的，错误的。根据Manypeoplestillclingtothebelief…和此句yet转折可知，此处表示错误的。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：正在对那些一夜暴富的人，例如彩票中奖的人进行研究。A.turnedout结果证明是：B.donewith完毕；C.carriedout实施；D.putforward提出。根据主语Studies可知，此处表示实施研究。故选C。[31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，在最初的快乐消失后，人们并没有留下一种持久的幸福感。A.essential基本的，必要的；B.pleasant令人愉快的；C.initial最初的；D.enviable引起忌妒的。根据peoplewerenotleflwithasenseoflastinghappiness可知，此处表示最初的快乐(initialjoy)°故选Co【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：实际上，他们倾向于回到他们变得富有之前的感觉。A.fell感觉；B.had有；C.chose选择；D.lived居住。根据下文Previouslycontentedpeoplecontinuetobecontented,7thosewhoweremiserablebeforesinkbackintomisery.可知，此处指“感受的生活方式故选A。【33题详解】考查连接词辨析。句意：以前满足的人继续满足，而那些以前痛苦的人又重新陷入痛苦。A.as因为,在 时；B.so因此；C.and并且；D.while虽然，在 期间。前后两句是对比，应使用连接词while。故选Do【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：世界幸福数据库的权威机构调查了不同国家的幸福水平。A.levels水平,标准；B.standards标准;C.senses感觉，判断力；D.examples例子。根据下文9.peopleinAmerica,Canada,andSingaporeareveryhappy;peoplelivinginIndiaandRussia,notsurprisingly,arenothappy.可知，此处指levelsofhappiness"幸福水平”。故选A。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，美国、加拿大和新加坡的人都很快乐；毫不奇怪，生活在印度和俄罗斯的人并不快乐。A.Strangely奇怪地；B.Hopefully有希望地；C.Apparently显然地，似乎，表面上；D.Surprisingly惊人地。对应后面的notsurprisingly,选apparently表示显然的结果。故选C。【36题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：其他调查一致指出了关系的重要性。A.pointto指向，表明；B.holdup举起，阻挡；C.dealwilh对付，处理，涉及；D.dependon取决于，依赖。poinlto指向。根据Iheimportanceofrelationships可知，此处表示“关系的重要性”。故选A。【37题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：家庭关系似乎是获得长期满足感的关键。A.Partner同伴，伙伴；B.Family家庭，家人;C.Relative亲戚,相关物;D.Society社会。根据下文中havingchildren可知，此处是指“家庭关系:故选B。【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该网站指出，坠入爱河和生儿育女是最能带来幸福的两种情形。A.situations情形，情境，局面；B.relations关系，交往；C.destinations目的地，终点；D.references参考文献，参照。根据fallinginloveandhavingchildren可知,此处是两种情形。故选Ao【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在人们把技术看作幸福的一个替代的来源。A.convenient方便的，便利的;B.利emalive供选择的;C.everlasting永恒的,永久的；D.adequate充足的，适当的。根据sourceofsatisfactionnf,此处指的是上文中出现的两种情境外乂-可供选择的。故选B。【40题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们花越来越多的时间独自看电视或上网，而不是花时间与家人在一起。A.asfaras至于,直到；B.ratherthan宁可,而不是；C.aswellas也,和 -样；D.incaseof$0果,万一。根据spendmoretimealonewatchingTVorsurfingtheInternet可知，人们选择了这两种，而不是和家人在一起。故选B。[41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这很难说，但有一件事是肯定的：如果网站的研究是准确的，那么与赚钱的时间相比，与家人在一起的时间是更好的投资。A.environment环境；B.circumstance状况，环境；C.investment投资；D.civilization文明，文化。investment投资,根据timespentmakingmoneyDirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.BullyingC欺辱）isaproblemthatinfluencesmillionsofstudentseverydayaroundtheworld.Herearesomethingsyoucandotofightagainstbullyingtoprotectyourselfatschool.Walkaway.It'sdefinitelynotalimitresponse—sometimesitcanbeharderthanlosingyourtemper.Ifyouwalkaway,you'retellingthebullythatyoujustdon'tcare.26thebullywillprobablygetboredwithtryingtotroubleyou.Walkandholdyourheadhigh.Thistypeofbodylanguage27amessagethatyou'renotweak.Holdthe28 ・Anyonecangetreallyupsetwithabully.Butthat's29theresponseabullyistryingtoget.Bullieswanttoknowtheyhavecontroloveryouremotions（情绪）.Ifyou'reinasituationwhereyouhaveto30abullyandyoucan'twalkaway,usehumor——itcanthrowthebullyoffguard.Workoutyourangerinanotherway,suchasthroughexerciseorwritingitdown.Makesureyoutearupanylettersornotesyouwriteinanger.Don'tgetphysical.Howeveryouchoosetohandleabully,don'tuse31forcelikekickingorpushingbecauseyoucanneverbesurewhatthebullywilldoinresponse.Youmaybehurtandgelintotroubleifyouuse32againstabully.Violentresponsesveryoftenleadtomorefightingandmorebullyingfbryou.Take33ofyourlife.Ybucan'tcontrolotherpeople'sactions,butyoucanimproveyourself.Thinkaboutwaystofieelyourbestorstrongest—sothatotherkidsmaygiveuptheteasing.Exerciseisonewaytofeelstrongandpowerful.Anotherwayto