状语从句语法讲义-高三英语复习

状语从句语法【考点】1.根据历年高考试题,将状语从句的考点作了全面的归纳,在九大类别中的考查热点在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词上。出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句，时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现。2.状语从句中的时态、语态、语气，3.与其它从句、句型结合起来考查。【定义】状语从句在复合句中作状语,来说明一件事情发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等。【分类】根据意义上的不同，状语从句可分为：①时间状语从句

②地点状语从句

③原因状语从句④目的状语从句

⑤条件状语从句

⑥结果状语从句⑦让步状语从句

⑧方式状语从句

⑨比较状语从句（一）时间状语从句表时间的状语从句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),since,once,assoonas(或themoment),bythetime,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when,everytime等一一1.When,while,as三者都可解释为“当```的时候”但侧重点有所不同。1)When从句中谓语动词可以延续动词也可是瞬间动词。Eg:WhenIarrivedhome,Ihadalittlerest.WhenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Imetanoldfriend.beabouttodo……when正要做……时发生了……bedoing......正在做……时发生了……when“突然，这时”Eg:Iwasabouttogotoworkwhenitrained.我正在做作业时，我的最好的朋友来拜访我。(汉译英）______________________________________________________注意：When/while从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语动词是be动词时，从句主语和be可以省略。Eg:When______________(walk)alongthestreet,shemetherclassteacher.2)As除了表示“当```的时候”，还可表示为“一面```一面”，“随着”Eg:Hesangashedanced.(一面```一面)Astimewentby,hishairgrewgrey.3)While表示“当```的时候”强调主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，从句一般用进行时，从句动词必须是延续性动词。Eg:Whilewewereworking,theywerehavingarest.Whilehavingadiscussion,theygotveryconfused.注意：while有对比的含义，解释为“然而”。eg:Ipreferblacktee,whilehelikescoffee.__________________________我喜欢打篮球，而我弟弟喜欢踢足球。_____________________________我正在写作业，而他在看电视。While翻译成“趁着”Strikewhiletheironishot.趁热打铁。__________________________趁年轻好好学习Exercise:1.Shesang______shewentalong.2.__________itgrewdarker,itbecamecolder.3.__________hearrivedhome,itwasjustnineo'clock.4.__________hewasinLondon,hestudiedmusic.5.Iwaswalkingintheforest_________alionappearedinfrontofme.until,not…untiluntil,not…until表示“直到```才”,在肯定句中主句常用延续性动词；在否定句中主句常用短暂性动词。肯定句：Iwaiteduntilmidnight.否定句：Ididnotleaveuntilmidnight.注意：notuntil…在句首，主句用部分倒装结构。Notuntil句型与强调句型结合Ididn’tgotosleepuntilhecameback.→ItwasnotuntilhecamebackthatIwenttosleep.与倒装句式结合→NotuntilhecamebackdidIgotosleep.eg:1.Notuntilyouhadexplainedtheproblem___________understandit.AhadIBIhadCdidIDIdid2.Itwasnotuntilitwasdark___________hecameback.一…就①.AssoonasIarriveatChunhui,I’llsendyouaSM.②.upon/on+arriving③.Immediately/Directly/Instantly+句子④.The+时间名词(minute/moment……)+句子⑤.hardly/scarcely…when⑥.nosooner…than⑦.Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.=NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.eg:NosoonerhadIgothomethanmytelephonerang.Exercise:1.Hardly/scarcely___________homewhenitbegantorain.AdidIgetBhadIgotCgotIDIdidgetbefore(1).Itwillbe+一段时间+before从句(does)要过……才能做Itwillbelongbeforewemeetagain..(2).Itwillnotbe+一段时间+before从句要不了……就能做Johnthinksitwon’tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.(3).Itwas+一段时间+before从句(did)过了……做了……Itwassometimebeforeherealizedwhathadhappened.(4).Itwasnot+一段时间+before从句(did)没过……做了……Itwasnotlongbeforehereturned.(5)尚未，还没Someonecalledmeupinthemiddleofthenight,buthehungupbeforeIcouldanswerthephone.since①.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间＋since从句(did)注意：延续性动词:反过来翻译短暂性动词:直译Itis10yearssinceIsmoked.(=Igaveupsmoking/droppedsmoking)自从我不抽烟已有三年了.Exercise:1.Asitreported,itis100years____TsinghuaUniversitywasfounded．Everytime,eachtime,nexttimeEverytimeyougetbackatnight,youdropyourbootsonthefloor.Everytime_______________我感冒,Ihavepaininmyback.下次我去那______________________,Iwillvisitthem.（二）原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because,since,as,nowthat（既然）等。(1)回答why的疑问句，只能用because回答；并且强调句中，对原因状语强调时，只能用because引导，如ItwasbecauseIgotuplatethatIwaslateforclass.(2)as语气比because弱(3)since=nowthat，表“既然”，表明显的原因或事实，总是位于主句前。Nowthat具有时间概念，所引导的谓语动词多为现在时态。(4)for引导的从句只能放在主句之后，且常常用逗号隔开。如：Itismorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging．再如：Itmusthaverainedlastnightforthegroundiswetthismorning．特殊引导词：seeingthat,inthat,consideringthat,giventhat。(1)inthat是复合连词，表示“在于，在…方面”;(2)consideringthat=seeingthat意为“既然；”“考虑到”，如：ConsideringthatIcan'taffordanothertestfee,Imustpassitthistime.(3)所有引导原因状语的单词，都不能和so连用。Exercise：1.TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchair_______hewantedtositnexttohiswife.A．althoughB．unlessC．becauseD．if2.Itwas________hismotherwasbadlyillthathewasunhappy.3._________everyoneknowsit,Iwillnotsayanything.4.Thedaybreaks,______thebirdsaresinging.（三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever等。(1)where引导的状语从句常放谓语动词之后，没有先行词！(有了先行词就是定语从句了，所以状语从句中的where不能和inwhich等互换)（2）wherever表示“无论什么地方”，既可引导地点状语从句，也可做让步状语从句.Exercise：1._______thereisawill，thereisaway.2._______yougo,youshouldworkhard.3.WhatIlikemostisthatyoucanuseEnglish_________yougointheworld.4．Thenewteacherwassowellorganizedthatshebegan______westoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwasleftout.（四）目的状语从句常用引导词：sothat,inorderthat特殊引导词：lest,incase,forfearthat(以防万一)，inthehopethat,forthepurposethat,totheendthat①.Speakclearly,_______theymayunderstandyou.②.Shehasboughtthebook_______shecouldfollowtheTVlessons.③.Heleftearly_______heshouldmissthetrain.④.Iraisedmyvoice________everyonecouldhearme.备注：that/sothat/inorderthat引导目的状语从句,常用情态动词may(might)/can(could)/should等连用.（五）结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由sothat（从句谓语一般没有情态动词）,so…that,such…that等引导。1.Such…that的常用句型such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+thatSuch+形容词+可数名词复数（不可数名词）+that注意somany(much,few,little)+名词，suchalotof(或lotsof)+名词是惯用法，不可乱用。Sheis____________________(那么漂亮的女孩)thatwealllikeher.Itwas______________________(那么美味好吃的食物)thattheyateitup.2.so+形容词或副词+thatso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+thatHeissorichthathecanbuylotofthingsforhimself.倒装____________________________________Heworkssohardthathedideverythingwell.倒装_________________________天气是如此地热，以至于我们都去游泳了————————————Itwassuchagooddaythatweallwentswimming.3.sothat既可做目的状语从句，也可作结果状语从句。关键看是否有情态动词。当从句谓语动词有情态动词时，为目的状语从句.若从句谓语不用情态动词，而多用过去时，则该句是结果状语从句。4.Too…to,enough…to可以引导结果状语从句Sheisyoungthatshecan’tgotoschool.Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.Sheisn'toldenoughtogotoschool.例句他不够高去打篮球123EXERCISE:1)Hegotup____earlythathecaughtthefirstbus.2)It’s____agoodchancethatwemustnotmissit.3).Iraisedmyvoice,________everyoneheardme.4)Hewas______excitedthathecouldn’tsayaword.5)Shetoldus_______aninterestingstorythatweallforgotthetime.（六）条件状语从句1if引导的条件状语从句Ifyouaskhim,hewillhelpyou.如果你请他帮忙,他会帮你的。Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.Pleasecallmeifyoucomenextweek.2其他的连词:(1).unlessconj.除非,若不,除非在…的时候Youwillfailtoarrivethereintimeunlessyoustartearlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。Unlessitrains,thegamewillbeplayed.除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。(2).oncondition(that)...在……条件下,如果;oncondition(that)...引导的条件从句是主句事件发生的前提条件或唯一条件。Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。Youcangoswimmingoncondition(that)youdon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.你只有在不远离河岸的条件下才可以下水游泳。(3).supposingconj.如果,假如supposing引导的条件从句表示一种假设条件Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗?Supposingsomethingshouldgowrong,whatwouldyoudothen?假如出了什么问题,你准备怎么对付?Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗?Supposingsomethingshouldgowrong,whatwouldyoudothen?假如出了什么问题,你准备怎么对付?(4).providedconj.假如,除非,以……为条件provided(that)+从句表示一种假设条件。Hewillsignthecontractprovidedweoffermorefavorableterms.如果我们提出更优惠的条件,他就会在合同上签字。Hewon’tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovidedthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.如果我们提前征求一下他的意见,他就不会在会上反对我们。(5)另外还有incase,as/solongasIncaseitrains,donotexpectme.如若下雨,就不要等我了。Aslongasyoupromisetocome,I’llwaitforyouuntilyoucome.只要你答应,我就等你来。Exercise1.Johnmayphonetonight.Idon’twanttogoout________hephones.A.aslongasB.inorderthatC.incaseD.sothat2.Themenwillhavetowaitallday______thedoctorworksfaster.A.ifB.unlessC.whetherD.that3._______Iknowthemoneyissafe.Ishallnotworryaboutit.A.EventhoughB.UnlessC.AslongasD.While4.______youcallmetosayyou’renotcoming,I’llseeyouatthetheatre.A.ThoughB.WhetherC.UntilD.Unless5．Idon’tthinkshe’llbesadbutI’llgoandcomforther________sheis.A．incaseB．asifC．eventhoughD．unless6．Howtheloansarepaidshouldbeoflittleconcerntothebank________theyarepaidontime.A．aswellasB．assoonasC．aslongasD．asfaras（七）让步状语从句让步状语从句可由although,though,as,evenif(though),however,whatever,whether…or,nomatterwho(when,what,…)等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。①.Although(Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.备注：though/although不能与but连用,但可与yet或still连用②.I’llgoevenif(though)itrainstomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。备注：evenif/eventhough“即使,纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。③.-----ever/nomatter------的区别：以Whatever/nomatterwhat的区别为例：Whatever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。Nomatterwhat只能引导让步状语从句。（常放在句首）1)_____________________________,Iwillsticktomyopinion.2)Idon'tcareabout_____________________otherssaid.3)_________________________isofnousenow.4)Nomatter________hardhetried,shecouldnotchangehermind.5)_____________yousay,Iwon'tbelieveyou.6)Nomatter________yousay,Idon'tcare.7)Nomatter________youare,youmustobeytherulesofourschool.8)________hardhetried,hefailedagain.9)Nomatter_______theweatherislike,youcanalwaysfindsurfersoutridingthewaves.④.As引导的让步状语从句的倒装：as用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装，常倒装表语，没有表语倒装状语，没有状语，倒装部分谓语。如果表语是名词，倒装时不能加任何冠词.1．形容词+as+主语+系动词：例：Tiredasheis,heofferstohelpme.尽管他已经很累了，他还是主动提出帮助我。2．过去分词+as+主语+系动词：例：Well-knownasthebookis,theauthorisnotsatisfiedandpreparedtoreviseit.尽管这本书写得很好,作者还是不满意并打算修改它。3．名词+as+主语+系动词：例：Studentasheis,hedoesnotstudyhard.他虽然是个学生，但却不努力学习。【说明】要特别注意位于句首的名词前习惯上不用冠词，即使其前有形容词修饰也不用冠词。比较：Boyasheis，helikestoplaywithgirls.=Thoughheisaboy，helikestoplaywithgirls.他虽是男孩，却喜欢与女孩子玩。4．副词+as+主语+谓语部分：例：MuchasIadmirehiscourage,Idon’tthinkheactedwisely.我虽然钦佩他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不明智的。5．动词原形+as+主语+谓语的剩余部分：例：Tryasyouwill，youwon’tbeabletopersuadehim.不管你怎么努力，你都说服不了他。翻译：他虽是个孩子，却知道帮助别人他虽然成功，但不骄傲。尽管我喜欢巴黎，但我不