植物生理课件1-第十三章第二节

第二节春化作四、春化作用 调五、春化作用在农业生产上的应一、春化作用的概念和反应“七七”小“闷“罐埋1928年1春化作用vernalization：低温诱导促4℃4℃100Acabbageplantthathadbeengrowninthegreenhousefor5years.Cabbageisabiennialandrequiresexposuretoprolongedwintercoldinordertoflowerthesecondspringafterplanting.Thelargecabbagehasneverbeenexposedtowinterandthereforecannotflower.2、植物对低温反应的类一类植物对低温的要求是。二年生天数逐渐减少，低温处理，达到抽穗的不同类型小麦通过春化需类 春化温度范围(oC)春化天数冬03半冬36春858，要有足，-310范都有春化天数对冬黑麦开花的除春化愈。春化持续的时间对去春化长短长短2、长短长短春化作用的条一定时间的适量的充足的作为呼吸底物的长日照（某些植物三、春化刺激的感受和（一）受低温的时期和部时期 萌动后至苗 部位。胚、茎尖生长点。（二）春化效应通过细 传将菊花已春化顶芽嫁接到未春化植株已春化顶芽长出的枝梢-------------------------------------将萝卜未春化的顶芽嫁接到已春化植未春化顶芽长出的枝梢-----------不开春化植 开从一个细胞传递到另一个细递时应有DNA 天仙春化效果在不同枝条和砧木接穗间的低温春

未低温春

低温春接

(三)赤霉素和其他生长物质与春化1010μg处理4对GA对胡萝卜开 低温和赤霉素对开花的非诱导条件下经GA处理可以开花的植需低温的植芹菜Apiumgraveolens燕麦(Avenasativa雏菊BellisPerennis甜菜(BetavulgarisBrassicaoleracea胡萝卜(Daucuscarota毛地Digitalispurpurea二年生天仙子(Hyoscyamusniger紫罗兰Matthiolaincana

长日植苣卖菜Cichoriumeudivia一年生天仙子(Hyoscyamusniger莴苣(Lactucasativa矮牵牛Petuniahybrida)Raphanussativus)金光Rubekiabicolor)Silenearmeria)菠菜Spinaciaoleracea风铃用GA春化起抑制效GAGA并不植物对GA四、春化作用 调（FloweringLocusFLC（FLOWERINGLOCUSC）是春化的关键FL低开花信号转导途径整合因开 VernalizationblockstheexpressionofFLCincold-requiringwinterannualArabidopsisecotypes AtranslationalfusioncomposedoftheglucuronidasecodingsequencesclonedintotheNheIrestrictionsite(withinFLCexon6)ofacomplementingFLCgenomicclonewasintroducedintofca-1seedlings.FLC−GUSexpressionisseenthroughoutthenon-vernalizedseedlingbutrestrictedtothevasculature(strongestincotyledonandhypocotylbutalsodetectableinolderleaves)invernalizedseedlings.FRIGID(FRI) 促进FLCFRI编码一个未知功Arabidopsisfloweringtimemutants.TwoArabidopsisplants,sownatthesametime.Theplantontheleftisalreadyflowering,whereastheplantontherightisdelayedbecauseitcarriesactiveFRI.-FRIGIDA-FRIGIDA(FRI) FLCg::GUS+FRIGIDAexpressionisobservedintheshootandrootmeristematicregions.FRIGIDAup-regulatesFLCexpressionintheseregionsanditisthisexpressionthatisantagonisedby3lossofAllelesofFRI4lossofAllelesof3lossofAllelesofFRI4lossofAllelesofFLCScreenearlyfloweringwithradiationFRIverylateThegenesrequiredfortherepressionofFLCbyvernalizationVIN3建立对FLC表达VIN3andVRN5,twocloselyrelatedPHDVIN3建立对FLC表达VRN2,ahomologueofthe bproteinSu(z)