中考中考数词讲解

中考中考数词讲解广规则构成基数词vl 不规则构成｛规则构成不规则构成数词的分类与冠词连用的不同意义数词的分类数词构成数词分数Y、读法｛构成读法数词的句法功能［数词的应用及常考点清单考点一基数词和序数词1.基数词表示数目的词称为基数词。其形式如下:1-10one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten11-19eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen这里除eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,eighteen为特殊形式外，fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位形式后添加后缀-teen构成。20-99整数几十中除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-"。如：21twenty-one 76seventy-six(4)百位数1-9基数词形式后加“hundred”，表示几百，不是整百时在hundred后加上and。如：1-9基数词形式后加hundred,表示几百,不是整百时在hundred后加上and。如：101ahundredandone320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eight(5)从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加thousand，第二个“，”前的数字后添加million,第三个“，”前的数字后添加billion。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。2,648twothousandsixhundredandforty-eight16，250,064sixteenmilliontwohundredandfiftythousandandsixty-four(6)表示“人的不确切岁数或年代”用几十的复数形式。如：Hebecameaprofessorinhisthirties.Itwasinthe1960s.2.序数词表示顺序的词称为序数词。序数词的主要形式：⑴从第一至第十九其中onefirst,twosecond,threethird,fivefifth,eight-eighth,nineninth,twelve-twelfth为特殊形式,其他的序数词都是由其相对应的基数词后面添加th构成。如：sixsixth,nineteen-nineteentho⑵从第二十至第九十九整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为i,再加eth构成。twentytwentieth, thirtythirtieth表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式后加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。thirty-first第三十一 fifty-sixth第五十六 seventy-third第七十三⑶第一百位以上的多位序数词由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。onehundredandtwenty-first第一百二十一onethousand,threehundredandtwentieth第一千三百二十(4)序数词的缩写形式有时，序数词可以用缩写形式来表示.主要缩写形式有：first1st,second2nd,third3rd,fourth4th,twenty-third23rd注:在使用序数词时，通常前面要加定冠词the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时,则表示“再一”，“又一”。如：We’llgooveritasecondtime.另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。thefirstlesson LessonOne thefifthpage Page5考点二世纪，年代和年月日表示法.世纪可以用定冠词加序数词加世纪century表示,也可以用定冠词加百位进数加’s表示。如：thesixth(6th)century公元六世纪the19007s二十世纪.年代用定冠词及基数词表示的世纪加十位整数的所有格或复数形式构成。inthe19307s/1930s在二十世纪三十年代.表示某年代的早期、中期和晚期，可以在定冠词后、年代前添加early,mid-,heearly19207s在20世纪20年代早期inthemid-1950's在20世纪50年代中期.年月日表示法⑴年份用基数词表示，一般写为阿拉伯数字，读时可以以hundred为单位,也可以以世纪、年代为单位分别来读。如：1949读作nineteenhundredandforty-nine或nineteenforty-nie1800读作eighteenhundred253读作twohundredandfifty-three或twofifty-three1902读作nineteenhundredandtwo或nineteenotwo表示在哪一年，一般在年份前加介词in,使用year时,year放在数词之前。intheyeartwofifty-threeBC在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯数字。⑵月份缩写形式除了May,June,July外，其他的月份都由其前三个字母表示，但September除外。JanuaryJan.一月 February-Feb.二月MarchMar.三月AprilApr.四月 AugustAug.八月 September-Sep.九月OctoberOct.十月 NovemberNov.十一月 December-Dec.十二月(3)日期用定冠词the加序数词表示。在哪一天要添加介词on。Mar.1st三月一日(读作Marchthefirst或thefirstofMarch)考点三hundred,thousand和million的用法.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切的数字，如成百，成千上万、三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。如：Therearehundredsofpeopleinthehall..hundred,thousand和million用法总结具体数字+hundred/thousand/million/billion+名词复数hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of+名词复数考点四分数、小数和百分数.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式。如：3/4threefourths或threequarters1/3onethird或athird.当分数后面接名词时，如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数；小于1，名词用单数。1.5hours 4/5meter.小数用基数词来表示,以小数点为界，小数点左边的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右边的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作point,0读作zero或o,整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。如：0.4zeropointfour或pointfour.百分数用“基数词+percent”表示。50%fiftypercent题组训练.peoplegoswimminginsummerinDalian.A.ThousandsB.ThousandsofC.ThousandsofD.Thousand.thestudentswilltakepartinthisEnglishspeechcontest.A.TwohundredofB.TwohundredsofC.HundredsofD.Hundredof.Hefailedtwice,buthetriedthirdtime..Jimisthetallerofthe.中考题解析gotabeautifulbikeonbirthday.Ilikeitverymuch.A.fifteenthB.fifteenC.myfifteenD.myfifteenth解析:句意:在我十五岁生日时,我得到了一辆漂亮的自行车。我非常喜欢它。本题考查数词。表示某人的第几个生日要用序数词。选D。ThevolunteerssentbookstoamountainvillageschoolonChildren'sDay.A.twohundredsofB.twohundredofC.twohundredsD.twohundred解析:句意:志愿者们在儿童节给一所山村学校送去了200本图书。本题考查数词的用法。hundred与具体数字连用时用单数,而且后面也不接介词of，故选D。IthinkofthematerialsIlistenedtoatthebeginningoftheexameasy.A.threefourths；is B.thirdfour；areC.threefourths；are D.threefourth；are解析:句意:我认为在考试开始时所听材料的四分之三很容易。本题考查分数表达及主谓一致。英语中分数的表达法是:分子用基数词,分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数形式；分数+of+名词作主语，谓语动词要与of后面的名词在数上保持一致，本题宾语从句的主语是复数名词materials,故应该用are。选C。一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的（A、B、C和D）四个选项中选出最佳选项。Whenamanwaswalkingbysomeelephants,hesuddenlystoppedHewonderedwhythesehugeanimalswerebeingheldonlybyasmallropetiedtotheirfrontlegs.Nochains,nocages.Itwasclearthattheelephantscouldbreaktheropeatanytime,butforsonicreason,theydidnot.Hesawatrainernearbyandaskedwhytheanimalsjuststoodthereanddidn'ttrytogetaway."Well,"thetrainersaid,"whentheywereveryyoungandmuchsmaller,weusedthesameropetokeepthemfromrunningaway.Atthatage,it'senoughtoholdthem.Astheygrowup,theyareconditionedtobelievetheycannotbreaktilerope.Theybelieveitcanstillholdthem,sotheynevertrytobreakfree."Themanwassurprised.Theseanimalscouldbreakfleewhenevertheywanted,butbecausetheybelievedtheycouldn't,theywerestuckrightwheretheywere.Howmanyofusgothroughlifeliketheelephants-holdingontothebeliefthatwecannotdosomethingsimplybecausewefailedatitoncebefore?Failureisapartoflearning.Ifwefailedonce,itdoesn'tmeanwecanneversucceed.Ifwetryagainandagain,maybewewillsucceedoneday.Sodon'tbeafraidoffailureandkeepontrying.Whydidtheelephantsnevertrytobreaktheropeaftertheygrewup?A.Becausetheylikedbeingtied. B.Becausetheyweretooweaktobreakit.C.Becausetheydidn'twanttobreakit.D.Becausetheythoughttheycouldn'tbreakit.Theunderlinedword"stuck"inParagraph3means"".A.left B.caught C.killed D.foundWhatdoesthewriterwanttotellus?A.日ephantsshouldbesetflee.Failurecanhelpussucceed.Neverletfailurestopyoufromtryingagain.Peopleshouldlookaftertheelephantswell.【答案】(1)D(2)B(3)C【解析【分析】本文主要介绍了一个男人看到大象被绳子绑住了一只脚而不逃走，由此引发对人生的思考。(1)细节题。根据原文提至“了Astheygrowup,theyareconditionedtobelievetheycannotbreaktilerope.Theybelieveitcanstillholdthem,sotheynevertrytobreakfree.可知大象小时候被绑住，长大了以后依然认为绳子可以拴住他们，故选D。(2)推断题。根据原文提到了becausetheybelievedtheycouldn't,可知他们认为自己已经被这根绳子困住了，故选B。(3)主旨大意题。根据原文提至4了Ifwefailedonce,itdoesn'tmeanwecanneversucceed.Ifwetryagainandagain,maybewewillsucceedoneday.可知作者想告诉我们永远不要被困难打倒，坚强起来，故选C。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。2(2017•南充)根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。 WemovedawayfrommygrandmotherwhenIwaseightyearsold.Imissedheralot.Iwasherfavoritegranddaughterandshewasmyfavoritegrandma.Twoyearslatermymotherandfatherseparatedandsoondivorced.Ifeltasifmyworldwasfallingapart.Ilivedwithmymotherforatime,nextdoortomygrandmaandgrandpainanapartmentwhilemyfatherwasawayduringWorldWarH.Grandmaneverhadmuchinthewayofmoneyormaterialthings.Butitwasthelittlethingsshegavemethatletmefeelwarm,likelettingmedipmyfingersinthesugarbowl,lettingmesipthecoffeefromhercuporallowingmetositonthetableasIhadmeals.Thoughshedidn'thavemuch,shedidsomethingformybrotherandme.Iwillalwaysremembershesavedhercoinsinaglassjar.Ithoughtmygrandmacouldhaveusedthesecoinsherself,butshesavedthemtogiveuswhenwecametovisither.Idon'trememberhowmuchwecollectedonourvisits,norwastheamount(数目)important.Itwastheideathatsherememberedus,andcaredaboutuswhenwewereawayfromher.Whathappenedtothewriterwhenshewaseightyearsold?A.Shemovedawayfromhergrandma. B.Shemovedawayfromherparents.C.Shelivedwithhergrandparents. D.Shelivedwithheraunt.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“divorced”meaninChineseinParagraph2?A.和好 B.打架 C.离婚 D.生气Thewriter'sgrandmaallowedhertodomanythings.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?A.Thewritercoulddipherfingersinthesugarbowl.B.Thewriterwasallowedtosipthecoffeefromhergrandma'scup.C.Thewritercouldsitonthetablewhilehavingmeals.D.Thewriterwasallowedtocollectcoinsinaglassjar.Forwhomdidthewriter'sgrandmasavehercoins?A.Forherson.B.Forhergrandchildren.C.Forthepoor. D.Forherself.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thewriterdislikedherchildhood. B.Thewritercomplainedaboutherparents.C.Thewritermissedhergrandmasomuch.D.Thewriterwantedtohavehergrandma'smoney.【答案(1)A(2)C(3)D(4)B(5)C【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了作者祖母虽然没有多少金钱或物质，但是通过用心的为孙子（女）做的小事情，让作者感到非常的温暖，感受到浓浓的爱。（1）细节理解题。根据短文开头WemovedawayfrommygrandmotherwhenIwaseightyearsold,可知作者八岁时和祖父母分开了，故选A。（2）词义猜测题。根据上文Twoyearslatermymotherandfatherseparated我的父母分居及后文Ifeltasifmyworldwasfallingapart.作者感到世界分崩离析，可知父母离婚了，故选C。（3）细节理解题。根据lettingmedipmyfingersinthesugarbowl,lettingmesipthecoffeefromhercuporallowingmetositonthetableasIhadmeals.可知不包括在玻璃罐子里收集硬币。故选D。（4）细节理解题。根据Ithoughtmygrandmacouldhaveusedthesecoinsherself,butshesavedthemtogiveuswhenwecametovisither可知祖母是为了孙子（女）赞硬币。故选B。（5）细节理解题。根据作者对祖母温情的回忆，可知作者非常爱自己的祖父母，非常想念她。对比选项，故选C。【点评】阅读考题中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。对于客观题，要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。3.阅读理解Asayoungwoman,mymotherworkedinthekitchenofalargefarmownedbyFannyCratty.Shewashardworkingandhadaspecialskillinmakingdeliciousstrawberryjam.AuntFannywassingleandhadnochildren.Shedidn'tliketosharelovewithothers.Ithoughtshewasverylonely,althoughshedidn'tmindit.Shehadaworkshopwheremymotherhelpedhermakethebeststrawberryjam,andeveryoneinourtownboughtit.ButauntFannyaskedmymothernottotelltherecipe（秘方）ofmakingthestrawberryjamtoothers.Whenthestrawberrieswereripe,myfamilywouldpickthemtogether.Wetalkedandlaughed,experiencingthefunofpickingstrawberries.ButauntFannyneverjoinedus.Shejustaskedustopickstrawberriesquicklyandmakemorestrawberryjamtomakemoremoneyforher.Eachpersoninourtownsaidthatshejustpaidattentiontomoneyratherthananythingelse.Whatapoorwoman!It'snousehavingtoomuchmoneybecauseshehadnofamilyandfriendstoshareherhappinessduringherlifetime.MaybeitwastherecipethatbroughtsuccesstoauntFanny.Buttome,itwasjustacommonrecipe.Moneycanmakeyoufeelrichforawhile,butitisthebeautifuldaysspentwithfamilyandfriendsthattrulymakeyourich.Whoownstherecipeofmakingthebeststrawberryjam?A.Thewriter'smother.B.Thewriter.C.AuntFanny.D.Fanny'smother.WhydopeopleinthetownthinkauntFannyispoor?Becausesheneededtoworkhardinherworkshop.Becauseshepaidattentiontonothingexceptmoney.Becauseshehadnoclosefriendstosharedhersuccess.Becauseshealwaysthoughtofhelpingothersratherthanherself.—Whatdoesthelastword“rich”meaninthispassage?—Itmeans.A.thesuccessofmakingstrawberryjamB.havingtherecipeandmuchmoneyC.thehappiness,one'sfamilyandfriendsD.owningabighouseandthelargefarm【答案】(1)A(2)C(3)C【解析【分析】短文大意：作者的妈妈拥有一种特殊的制作美味草莓酱的技巧。每年她帮助范妮姨妈做最好的草莓果酱，但范妮姨妈不让她把制作草莓酱的配方告诉别人。镇上的每个人都说范妮姨妈只关注钱而不是其他的东西。都认为她可怜，因为她没有家人和朋友在她的一生中分享她的幸福。而作者认为使你真正富有的是与家人和朋友一起度过的美好时光。是亲情与友情。(1)A细节理解题。根据短文中的句子“Shewashardworkingandhadaspecialskillinmakingdeliciousstrawberryjam.”她很勤劳，有一种特殊的制作美味的草莓酱的技巧。可知作者的妈妈拥有制作美味的草莓酱的食谱。答案为A。(2)C细节理解题。根据短文中的句子“Eachpersoninourtownsaidthatshejustpaidattentiontomoneyratherthananythingelse.Whatapoorwoman!It'snousehavingtoomuchmoneybecauseshehadnofamilyandfriendstoshareherhappinessduringherlifetime.”可知，除了钱之外他什么也不关注。都认为她可怜，因为她没有家人和朋友在她的一生中分享她的幸福。答案为C。(3)C词意猜测题。根据短文最后的句子“butitisthebeautifuldaysspentwithfamilyandfriendsthattrulymakeyourich/使你真正富有的是与家人和朋友一起度过的美好时光。故答案为C。4.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。CIarrivedatmymother'shomeforourSaturdayfamilydinner.Thesmellsoffoodflewoverfromthekitchen.Mymotherwaspullingoutquiltafterquiltfromtheboxes,proudlyshowingmetheirbeauties.Iknewtheywereallmadeherself.ShewaspreparingforaquiltshowonTV.Whenwebegantofoldandputthembackintotheboxes,Inoticedsomethingatthebottomofonebox.Ipulleditout."What'sthis?"Iasked."Oh?"Momsaid,"That'sMama'squilt."Ispreadthequilt.Itlookedasifagroupofschoolchildrenhadmadethepiecestogether."Grandmothermadethis?"Iaskedinsurprise.Mygrandmotherwasamasteratmakingquilts.Thiscertainlydidn'tlooklikeanyofthequiltsshehadmade."Yes,rightbeforeshedied.Ibroughtithomewithmelastyearandmadesomechanges,"Momsaid,"I'mstillworkingonit.See,thisiswhatI'vedonesofar."Ilookedatitmoreclosely.Shehadmadealinestraight.Atthecenterofthequilt,shehadstitchedapieceofclothwiththesewords:"Mymothermademanyquilts.Shedidn'tgetalllinesstraight.ButIthinkthisisbeautiful.Iwanttoseeitfinished.Herlastquilt.""Oh,thisissonice,Mom."Isaid.Iwassurenowthatbycompletingmygrandmother'squilt,mymotherwashonoringherownmother.IrealizedthatIheldinmyhandsafamilytreasure.Itstartedwiththelovinghandsofonewoman,andcontinuedwiththelovinghandsofanother.Whenthewritergothome,hismother.A.wascookingdinner B.waspreparingforaquiltshowC.waswatchingTV D.waschanginghermama'squiltHowdidthewriter'smotherdealwithhermama'slastquilt?ShetookittoaTVshow.Shebroughtithomeandmadesomechanges.Shegaveittoherdaughterasafamilytreasure.Shemadesomechangeswithagroupofchildren.Theword"stitched"inthesixthparagraphprobablymeansinChinese.A.画出 B.剪开 C.写下 D.缝上WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Thewriterwantedtoknowwhattheirfamilytreasurewas.Thewriter'smotherwantedtolearnhowtomakeabeautifulquilt.Thewriter'smotherwantedtohonorherownmamabyfinishingthequilt.Thewriter'smotherwantedtotakehermama'squiltstotheshow.【答案】(1)B(2)B(3)D(4)C【解析【分析】本文通过母亲的被子描写子女对母爱的缅怀和传承。⑴细节理解。根据第一段Mymotherwaspullingoutquiltafterquiltfromtheboxes,proudlyshowingmetheirbeauties.Iknewtheywereallmadeherself.ShewaspreparingforaquiltshowonTV可知妈妈把所有的被子者B拿出来要参加一个电视上的被子展览。故选B。⑵细节理解。根据第五段"Yes,rightbeforeshedied.Ibroughtithomewithmelastyearandmadesomechanges,"可知是在作者的外祖母去世前做的，作者的母亲去年把它拿回家进行了修改。故选B。⑶词义猜测。根据句意：在被子的中心，她…•一块有字的布。故选D。⑷细节理解。根据最后一段Iwassurenowthatbycompletingmygrandmother'squilt,mymotherwashonoringherownmother可知作者的母亲通过完成她妈妈的被子以纪念她。故选C。【点评】这是一篇记叙文，快速浏览文章，弄清作者写作的意图。答题时注意问题中的关键词在文章中的准确定位，根据关键词查找信息，切忌主观臆断，凭感觉做题5.阅读理解TherearefewfamiliesintheUnitedStatesthatdonothaveeitheraradiooratelevisionset.Bothofthemhavebecomenecessarypartsofourdailylife,keepingusAmericansfilledwiththenewsoftheday,teachingusinmanyfieldsofinterest,andmakingushappywithsinging,dancingandacting.Marconi,theItalianinventor,whogaveustheradio,probablydidn'tknowhowmuchhisgreatinventionwouldhavedonefortheworldintheyearstocome.Radiohad,perhapsdoneasmuchasanyothercommunicationtool.Thingsoftheworldcanbereportedtopeopleeverywhereafewsecondsaftertheyhappen.Travellersinout-of-the-wayplaces,shipsatseaandevenastronautsaroundtheEarthareabletokeepintouchwitheachotherbyradio.Televisionisanotherimportantinvention.Itletsusseeaswellasheartheactor.Sinceitsappearance,TVhasdoneagreatdealinthedailylife