高中英语名词性从句

名词性从句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。一、引导名词性从句的关联词A．that连词

that

本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。I

hear

(that)

he

has

joined

the

football

club.

我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。That

light

travels

in

straight

line

is

known

to

all.

众所周知，光是以直线传播的。It

so

happens

that

I

know

the

man.

碰巧我认识那个。Is

it

certain

that

they

will

win

他们一定会赢吗B．whether

和

if连词

whether

和

if

if只能引导宾语从句。I

didn't

know

whether

he

would

attend

the

concert.

我并不

if

代替

whether）The

question

is

whether

it

s

worth

trying.

问题是值不值得

if

代替

whether）Whether

she

comes

or

not

makes

no

difference. 她来不来都

if

代替

whether）He

must

answer

the

question

whether

he

agrees

to

it

or

not.if代替

whether）2．whether

引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而

if

则不能。It

all

depends

on

whether

they

will

support

us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不用

if)Ryan

was

worrying

about

whether

he

had

hurt

her

feelings.瑞恩担心是否伤害了她的感情。3．if

既可引导语从句，也可引导宾语从句。如果用

if

会引起歧义，应避免使用

if，而用

whether。Please

let

me

know

if

you

want

to

join

us.

请告诉我你是否

引导的从句可被看成是宾语从句，if

表示是否）Please

let

me

know

if

you

want

to

join

us.

如果你想加入我

引导的从句可被看成是条件状语从句，if

表示如果）Please

let

me

know

whether

you

want

t

join

us.

请告诉我你

whether

表示是否）C．who,

whom,

whose,

what,

which连接代词

who,

whom,

whose,

what,

which

等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。No

one

knows

who

he

was

waiting

for.

没人知道他当时在等谁。We

are

worrying

about

what

we

should

do

next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。Tell

me

whos

house

it

is.

告诉我这是谁的家。Let

me

know

which

train

you

will

be

arriving

on.

告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。D．where,

when,

how,

why连接副词

where,

when,

how,

why

等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。I

don't

know

where

we

are

going

to

have

the

meeting.

我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。She

always

thinks

of

how

shecan

work

well.

她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。What

I

am

anxious

to

know

is

when

we

can

visit

the

museum.我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。比较：when

引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。Please

lt

me

know

when

you

arrive.

你到的时候，请告诉我一声。（when

Please

let

me

know

when

you

will

arrive.

请告诉我你什么时

E．whoever,

whomever,

whatever,

whichever,

whosever连接代词

whoever

=

anyone

who

任何人,

无论谁；

whatever=anything

that

凡是...，无论什么；whichever

=

anything

that无论那一个,

任何一个；whomever

=

anyone

whom

（whoever

的宾Whoever

comes

to

the

club

is

welcome.

不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。Whatever

is

worth

doing

at

all

is

worth

doing

well.

凡是值得做的就值得做好。They

ate

whatever

they

could

find

o

the

他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。You

may

do

whatever

you

will.

你可做任何你想做的事。I'll

take

whichever

book

interests

me.

我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。Whosever

book

is

overdue

will

be

fined.

不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。比较：连接代词

whoever

在宾语从句中作主语，whomever

作宾语从句中宾语。You

may

offer

he

book

to

whoever

wants

it.

你可把这本书给（任何想要的人。

此句中不能使用

whomever，因为whoever

在宾语从（句中作

wants

it

的主语）You

may

offer

the

book

to

whomever

you

like.

你可把这本书

在宾语从句中作

you

like

的宾语）一、 表语从句表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。A．可接表语从句的连系动词可接表语从句的连系动词有

be,

look,

seem,

sound,

appear

等。China

is

no

longer

what

she

used

to

be.

今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。The

question

remains

whether

they

will

be

able

to

help

us.问题还是他们能否帮我们。Itappears

that

he

has

a

taste

for

music.

看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力.At

that

time,

it

seemed

as

if

I

couldn' t

think

of

the

rightword

anyhow.

当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。B．as,

as

ifthough

引导的表语从句He

looked

just

as

he

had

looked

ten

years

before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。It

sounds

as

ifsomeone

is

knocking

at

the

door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。C．because,

why

引导的表语从句I

think

it

is

because

you

are

talking

too

much. 我想这是因为你话说得太多。That's

because

he

didn't

understand

me.

那是因为他没有理

because三 同位语从句同位语从句一般由

that

whether

以及连接代词和连接副词引导。A

．同位语从句一般跟在名词 fact,

hope,

idea,

news,

doubt,suggestion,

information,

opinion,

decision,

discovery,

truth,promise,

statement,

problem,

rule

等的面。They

were

all

very

much

worried

over

the

fact

that

you

weresick.

对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where

did

you

get

the

idea

that

I

could

not

come

你在哪儿听说我不能来？I

have

no

idea

whether

he'll

come

or

not.

我不知道他是否来。We

haven't

yet

settled

the

question

where

we

are

going

t

spendour

summer

vacation.

It

is

a

question

how

he

did

it.

那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。There

is

no

doubt

that

we

will

win.

毫无疑问我们会赢的。注意：当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。Word

came

that

Mr

President

would

come

and

inspect

ourschoolhimself.

有消息说总统先生将亲自来视察我们学校。B．使用虚拟语气的同位语从句用

should+动词原形表示，should

可省略。This

is

our

only

request

that

this

(hould)

be

settled

as

soonas

possible.

尽快解决这个问题，这是我们唯一的请求。He

made

the

suggestion

that

we

go

by

train. 他建议我们坐火车去。第10

章

定语从句第

10

章 定语从句系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有

who,

whom,

whose,

which,

that

等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。A．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。What

was

the

name

of

the

man

who

lent

you

the

money借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词

the

man）He

who

laughs

laughs

best.

he）The

chairman

of

the

meeting,

who

spoke

first,

sat

on

my

right.会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。

（定语从句修饰先行词 thechairman）B．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。在口语或非正式文体中，whom

可省略或可用

who

来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用

whom。There

are

some

people

(whomwho)we

like

and

others

(whomwho)we

dislike.饰先行词

people,

others）The

people

whomwho

work

with

are

friendly.

the

people）Mr

Carter,

whom

spoke

to

on

the

phone

last

night,

veryinterested

in

or

plan.（非（限制性定语从句中不能用

who

代替

whom）Two

men,

neither

of

whom

had

ever

seen

before,

came

into

myoffice.who）C．whose名词。There

are

some

people

whose

faces

you

can

nevr

forget.（定语从句修饰先行词people）（

saw

some

trees

whose

leaves

were

black

because

of

the

polluted

air.我看见一些树的树叶由于空气污染而发黑。

（定语从句修饰行词trees）D．which1．指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语。做宾语时常可省略。English

a

language

which

easy

to

learn.which

在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）This

a

folk

song

which

now

very

popular.这是目前非常流行的一首民谣（which

在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）The

river

which

flows

through

London

the

Thames.which

在定语从句中作主语，不能省略）The

children

like

cookies

(which)

my

wife

makes.孩子们喜欢我夫人做的饼干。关系代词

which

作

makes

的宾语，可以省略2．which

引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰前面的整个主句，相当于

and

this。Jim

passedhis

driving

test,

which

surprised

everybody.整个主句，而不是

the

driving

test）Sheila

couldn't

come

to

the

party,

which

was

a

pity.不是

the

party）3．which

在非限制性定语从句中有时也可以作定语。John

stayed

here

for

a

week,

dring

which

time

we

visited

the

WestLake

together.约翰在这里呆了一星期，在此期间我们一起游了西湖。

might

snow

this

weekend,

in

which

case

we

won't

go

to

Beijing.周末可能下雪，在这种情况下，我们就不去北京了。E．that指人时，相当于who

或

whom；指物时，相当于

which。在定语从He

the

man

that

lives

next

door.

the

man，作主语）

don't

like

stories

that

have

unhappy

endings.（我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。定语从句修饰先行词

stories（The

dress

(that)

Ann

boughtdoesn