美国总统竞选

TheU.SPresidentialElection

美国总统竞选Outline:Ⅰ:Introduction（说明）(thetraditionofelectionandthequalificationofbeingapresident)（选举传统及作为总统的资格）Ⅱ:Theprocessoftheelection（选举过程）Ⅲ:Comment（注释）Thetraditionofelection：

Americanselecttheirpresidentthroughacombinationofcustom,statelaw,andconstitutionalrequirementsuchastheElectoralCollegeasspecifiedinArticleⅡ,Sections2and4andAmendment12.furthermore,ArticleⅡ,Section5plusAmendments20and23oftheunitedStatesConstitutionpertaintoelectionofthepresident.美国公民根据惯例、国家法律和宪法的要求，如选举团规定中的第二条第二及第四款以及修正案12，选举总统。此外，美国宪法第二条中第五款修正案20及23也涉及到总统选举。ThequalificationofbeingapresidentApresidentmustbeatleast35yearold总统必须至少35岁

Anaturalborncitizen出生时为美国公民AresidentoftheUnitedStatesatleast14years居住合众国境内至少十四年

Thepresidentiselectedforafouryearterm,andanyindividualislimitedservingtwoconsecutivetermsaspresident.

总统任期四年，且任何人只能连任两届总统(exception:FranklinDelanoRooseveltwaselectedtofourconsecutiveterms)例外：富兰克林罗斯福当选了四届Theprocessoftheelection：Thefirststage:Nominationofcandidates第一阶段：候选人提名

Thesecondstage:Thecampaigning第二阶段：竞选

Thethirdstage:Appointmentofelectorstheelectoralcollege第三阶段：选举人团委任选举人Thefourthstage:Electorscastingvotes第四阶段：选民投票

2012总统竞选日程Thefirststage:Themajorpartiesholdconventions(nationalpartyconventionsheldinlateJulyorAugust)tochoosecandidatesforPresidentandVicePresidentandtodeterminetheparties’platforms.政党举行大会（党的全国会议在七月下旬或八月举行）选择总统和副总统候选人并且确定政党纲领Thesecondstage:Oncethepresidentialcandidatesofthemajorpartiesareselected,thegeneralelectioncomestothesecondstage,thecampaigningstage.一旦主要政党的总统候选人选举完毕，一般竞选就进入第二阶段：竞选阶段。totravelalloverthecountry,makingcountlessspeechesanddebatewiththeotherparty’spresidentialcandidateonTV到全国各地做无数演讲，并在电视上与其他政党总统候选人做辩论。tomakeuseoftheothercandidate’sdisadvantages利用其它候选人的弱点tocollectinformationaboutthecampaignplanoftheotherparty’scandidate收集其它政党候选人的活动计划Thethirdstage:Appointmentofelectors:ElectionDay.TheUnitedStatesConstitutionprovidesthateachstate“shallappoint”elector(whomakeuptheElectoralCollege)forPresidentandVicePresidentinthemannerdirectedbyitsstatelegislature,onthedaywhichmaybethe“TuesdaynextafterthefirstMondayinNovember”eachfourthyear.委任选举人：选举日。美国宪法规定各州应通过由州议会指定的方式指定总统及副总统的选举人（组成选举团的人），这一天可能是每四年的“十一月第一个星期一之后的下个星期二”。

Thethirdstage:ThoughonElectionDay,voterscasttheirvoterstopresidentialcandidates,whattheyactuallychoosearepresidentialelectors.ThepopularvoteswilldeterminewhichpartywillmakeuptheElectoralCollege.通过选举日，选民将票投给总统选举人，事实上就相当于选择了总统竞选者。主流选票将决定选举团由哪一政党组成。Thefourthstage:Althoughtheresultsisalreadyknown,theelectorstillmeetintheirstatecapitalsandcasttheirvotesforPresidentandVicePresidentonthe1stMon.afterthe2ndWed.inDec.theyvoteverystrictly.TheDemocraticelectorsvotefortheDemocraticpresidentialcandidatesandtheRepublicanones.WhenthenewcongressassembledonJan.6,theelectoralvotesareformallycountedinajointsessionofthetwohousesandthePresidentoftheSenateannouncesthe“stateofvote”.Thenthefourthstagecomestoitsend.尽管结果已知，选举人仍然根据程序和时间进行严格的投票。民主党和共和党选举人分别投票给各自候选人。在一月六日，新的国会集合，选举人的选票在两院的联席会议正式统计并由参议院议长宣布“投票”的状态。然后第四阶段结束。

Comment:

Americanpresidentialelectionisanationalactivity.TheConstitutiongiveseveryAmericantherighttovoteaslongasheorshereachestheageofeighteen.Therefore,