2023年5月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语真题及答案

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试２023.０5PａrtIReadinｇCoｍpｒehension（3０%)Dｉrectionｓ:Therearethreeｐaｓsagesinｔhｉｓｐart.Ｅａchｐaｓsaｇｅisfｏｌlowedbysomｅqｕeｓtioｎsoｒｕｎfinishｅdｓtａtementｓ.ForeａchｏｆthemｔheｒｅaｒｅfｏuｒcｈoicesｍａrｋedA,B,CａｎｄＤ,ＹoushｏulddecideonthebestｃhoicｅandblackeｎｔｈecｏrreｓpondinｇleｔｔeｒonｔｈeAnswｅｒＳhｅet.Passaｇe1Questions１to5arebaｓedonthefolloｗinｇｐassage:Ｂabiesｗｈoarebreast-fｅdmaybemorelikeｌytｏｂesuccｅssfuliｎliｆe,anｅwstｕdｙpublishｅdTuesdａｙsｕｇgeｓts.Ｔｈestudyfoｌｌoｗedmｏrethａn3，０00babｉｅｓiｎtｏａdｕltｈoｏdｉnBrazil.Ｔhereseａrｃheｒsfｏundｔhosewｈowerebreａsｔ-ｆedscｏreｄsligｈtlyhｉｇhｅrininｔeｌligeｎｃeｔｅstsiｎｔｈｅiｒ３0s，ｓtaｙediｎｓｃｈoollｏｎｇerandearnedmoreｍｏneythａnthosewｈowｅregivenfｏｒｍｕlａ（配方奶粉)．“Bｒeast-feeｄｉngｎｏtonlｙｈasshort-ｔeｒmbｅnefｉｔs，butalsobreast－feｅdinｇhasloｎg-ｔｅrmｂｅｎｅfiｔs,"saysＢeｒnaｒdoLessaHｏrtaoftheFｅdｅｒalUnｉveｒsiｔyofPelotasｉｎBrazｉl,wｈoleｄthestｕdybeingｐｕbｌishｅdinThｅLaｎcｅtＧｌobalHealth.（７6）Doｃtorｓｈａvelongknｏwnthatbrｅaｓt-feedingｃａｎbｅgoｏｄfoｒaｂaby’shealth.Thisisesｐeciａllｙtrueinpoorｃounｔｒies,whereｗateｒcａｎbecｏnｔamｉnａted.Ｆoriｎstaｎce，ababygｉｖeｎfｏrｍulaｉndｅｖelｏpｉnｇcounｔriesis１4tiｍｅｓｍoｒelikｅlytodieinthefｉｒsｔsｉxmonthsｔｈanoneｗｈo’sbreasｔ-ｆeｄ.IntheU.S.,ｓomeｒeｓearｃhhasｓuggestｅdthaｔbｒeast-ｆeedinｇmayraｉｓｅabａby’ｓＩＱ（智商)byafewpoints．Butarecentstudyｗithsiblｉnｇｓ（兄弟姐妹)founｄliｔtleadvantａgetobreａst-feediｎg.Ｈortａｓaｙstheｓeprｅviousstuｄｉesdidn’tfollowchildrenintoaｄulthoodtｏｓeeiｆｂrｅａst-feedinｇhaｄloｎｇ-ｔeｒmeffeｃｔｓ.SｏＨｏｒtaanalyzｅdｄａtacolleｃｔedｆroｍ3,493vｏｌunｔeｅrsheaｎdhiscoｌｌeagｕeshaｖeｂeeｎfollｏwingsinｃｅbｉrth.Ｔheyarｅｎowiｎtheir３0s.Fiｒst,thereseａrchersgavetheｓubｊｅｃtsIQteｓts.Thoｓewhｏwerebreast-ｆeｄfoｒ12ｍoｎthsormｏrehadIQtestｓcoresthａtｗｅre3.７6poiｎtshigherｔhanthｏsewｈowerｅbｒｅaｓｔ-fedforleｓsthａnｏｎemontｈ,thetｅａmfound．WhenHｏrtaaｎdhiｓcolｌeaguｅsloｏkedatｈoｗｍucheduｃaｔioｎtheｓｕbjectshadgottenandｈｏwmuchmoneｙｔhｅywｅremaking,theｙalsoｆoundaclｅａrｄｉffeｒｅｎｃe:Ｔhosewhowereｂreaｓt-feｄthelｏngestｓtaｙｅdinｓcｈoｏlfｏrａbouｔａnexｔrayeaｒaｎdhadmontｈlｙsalarieｓｔｈatwereaｂｏutathirdhiｇhｅｒ.1．Frｏmｔheｐaｓsagｅ，ｗeleａｒnthatＨｏrta_____＿＿____＿＿__.A.ｉｓｆｒｏｍBrazilB.cｏnductsｈisresｅarchintheＵ．S.C．has30reｓeaｒcherｓｏnｈisｔeaｍＤ.ｉswell-knowｎiｎdevｅloｐiｎｇcｏuntries2.Whｉchｏfthefollｏwｉngaｂoutthｏsｅwhoｗeｒebreａst-fｅdｉsNOTmｅntioneｄ?A．ThｅｙstａyeｄlｏｎgerinschoolB.ThｅywerehappiｅrC.ThｅywerｅsmaｒteｒD.Theyｍaｄemｏｒemonｅy3．WhｉchｏｆｔｈefollｏwｉｎｇisＴRUE？Ａ.Doctｏｒsdｏn’tunｄersｔａnｄthebeｎeｆitｓｏｆbreast-feedinｇ.B．Hortａiｓｃoncｅrnedwithwatercoｎtａminａｔｉoninｐooｒcｏuntｒies.C.Hoｒta’sreseaｒchprojeｃtlasteｄabｏuｔ３0ｙｅarsD.Brｅast－fｅeｄiｎgistheonlywaytoｉｍｐrovｅａbaby’ｓｈealth4．TheｗｏrｄcoｎtａminａtedinＰaragraph3ｉsｃlｏsｅstiｎmｅanｉngto____.A.finｉｓhedB．inｔeresteｄＣ.cleａredD.polｌuted5.Whichoftheｆollowingｉsａｎappropriaｔｅｔｉtｌｅｆorｔｈispａssage？A.ＲesｅarcherｓHaｖｅPｏiｎtedOuｔthｅDisadvaｎtagesｏfBrｅast-ｆeediｎgB.ReｓeａrｃhｅrsHaveＦoｕnｄOutthｅShｏｒtｃoｍinｇsoｆFormｕｌaC.Breａsｔ-ｆｅedinｇImｐrovｅsCｈanceｓofSuccesｓＤ.Ｂrｅast-feedingＢｅｎefitｓBｏthMotherandBabyPａssａge2Ｑuesｔions6tｏ10ａrｅbａｓedonthefｏllowiｎｇpaｓsagｅ:MagｇieＷalｋｅｒwasbｏｒnin186７inＲiｃhmoｎd,Vｉrｇiｎia.Hｅrmotherwａsｏｎceaslａveinaｒiｃhｗoｍan’shouse．WｈenMaggieｗasveryyoung,aｔhiｅｆkillｅdherｆatｈer．Hｅrfamiｌｙwasimpoveｒｉsheｄ,soMaｇgie'sｍoｔherstarteddoｉngｌaundryinｈerhｏme．Magｇｉehadtohelphｅr．Sｈｅｗａsｈeｄclotheseveｒyday,butshecontinuｅdtogotoｓcｈｏoｌ．Sheｗasaｖeｒygoodsｔudent,ｅｓpeｃiallyｉｎmath.AfteｒMａggiegｒaduateｄfromhigｈsｃhool，sｈegｏｔａjoｂasａteacｈer.In1886,sｈemarriedArmistｅａdWaｌkｅr.ＴｈeyｈadｔwosoｎsａnｄMaggｉeｓtａyｅdｈoｍetoｃareforthem.SｈｅａlsovolunteeｒeｄtｏhｅｌｐasｏｃialorganizatｉoncalledtheＯrdeｒofＳt.Ｌｕｋe．TｈｉsorganizationhelpeｄＡfｒicaｎAmeriｃanstaｋecaｒeｏｆthesickａｎdbｕrythｅdead.MaｇgｉeWalｋerlｏvedｔheworkoftheｏrｇanizatioｎ.TheｏrganｉzationｂeｌieｖedtｈaｔAfricａnＡｍericaｎsshoｕldtakeｃaｒｅofeachotｈer．Ｏverｔhｅｙears,MaｇgｉeWalｋｅｒhadmoreandｍｏｒeｒesｐonｓibilｉｔiｅｓwｉthｔheｏrgaｎiｚａtion．In189５,shｅsｕggｅstedthａｔＳt.Lｕｋebeginaｐrｏgraｍｆoｒyouｎgpeopｌe.(77)Thisprogrａmbeｃameverypｏｐulａｒｗithsｃhoolchｉｌｄren.Ｉｎ1899,WalkｂecamｅＧrａnｄSecrｅtaryTｒeasｕｒeroftheＳｔ.Luｋeorganizatｉｏn．Ｈｏwever,becaｕｓeｓhewａsawomａｎ,sherｅceiｖedｌｅssthaｎhalｆｔhesalａrｙofthemanwhｏｈaｄthejobbeforeher.TheＯrdｅrofSｔ.LuｋehａdalotoｆfinａncｉaldiffｉcuｌtiesｗhｅｎWaｌkertookｏver.Ithadaｌotofｕnpaiｄbillsandonｌy＄３1.6１iｎthebank.BｕtsooｎＭaｇgieWalkerchanｇedａｌloｆthａt.(78)HeriｄｅaｗastoｇetnｅwmembersｔojoｉntｈｅOｒganｉzatｉon.Injｕsｔafewyｅars,itgrｅｗfｒoｍ3，400mｅｍbersto5０，000meｍbｅrs．Thｅoｒganizatｉonboughｔａ$100,０0０ofｆｉcebｕildingandinｃrｅasedｉtsｓtaｆftｏ５5.NowWａlｋerwａｓreadyforhｅrnｅxtbigstｅp.6.Mａｇgｉe’sfａｔheｒdｉed_____＿＿__＿__.A.ｗｈenｓｈefｉnisｈedhiｇhschoｏｌB.beforesheｗasｂornＣ.whenｓhewａｓvｅｒyｙｏｕｎgD.ａfteｒｓhegｏtmaｒriｅd7．WｈichofthｅfolｌowingiｓNＯTTＲUＥ?A.Mａggiｅｈadtwocｈildren.B.Maggiｅwasonceaslaｖe.C.Maggieｗasgoｏdatｍatｈ.D.Ｍagｇietａughtforａwhilｅ.8.WhichｏfｔhefoｌlｏwingｉｓTRUE？A．MaggieloveｄtohelpotｈerAfｒicanＡmerｉｃaｎｓ.Ｂ．Magｇｉewａｓvｅrypｏｐuｌarwithsｃhoolteａchers.Ｃ.MaggｉewａsｔheｆoundｅrofｔｈeOrdｅroｆSt.Ｌuｋｅ.D．ＭaggｉｅwasbｅtterｐaidthａnmenａsGrandSecretaryＴreａsurｅr．9．ThewoｒdimpoverｉshｅｄｉnPａragｒapｈ１ｉsclosestｉnmeaniｎgｔｏ__＿___＿.A.diｆficultB.riｃｈC．famousD.poｏr10.ＡｆｔerParａgｒaph4，ｔｈeauthorwiｌlｐrobabｌytalkａboｕtＭaggie’ｓ__＿___＿_＿_＿＿_＿_＿__A.ｅｄucatｉonB.neｘtprｏjeｃtC.payＤ．cｈiｌdhoodＰasｓage3Queｓｔiｏns1１ｔo15ａreｂaseｄonthｅfｏllｏwingｐassａge：WheｎＢｉllｄeBｌasiｏｒaｎｆｏrＮewＹorkCitｙｍayorlastyｅar,ｈｅｐromｉsedｔoｅndacoｎtrｏｖeｒsｉal(有争议的)，citｙwiｄｅcｅll-phonebaｎ（禁令)inpublicschools,whichiｓｎotequａllyenfｏrcedinallsｃｈooｌs.Noｗ,uｎdeｒhisleadersｈip,theｃｉtyisprepariｎgtoｅndｔheban．Ｉtwillbereplaｃedbyapolｉcｙthａtａllowｓｐｈonesｉnｓiｄeschoolsbuttｅlｌsstudｅntstokｅeptheｍpackeｄａｗaydurinｇclasｓ．Manyschooｌｓhaveａrｕｌｅabｏuｔｅｎforcingtheｂanthatｓaｙs,“Iｆwedon＇tseeiｔ,wedon’tknoｗabｏｕtiｔ.”ThaｔmｅanstｅachersareOKwiｔｈstｕdeｎtsｂringingiｎcｅlｌpｈones，aｓlongastheｙｓｔayoutofsighｔandinｓidebaｇsaｎdpockｅts.Ｂutatｔhｅ８8cｉtyscｈooｌｓwithmｅtaldetectors,ｄiebａｎhａsbeeｎstrictｌyｅnfｏｒcｅｄ.Thｅdetectorswereinstａllｅdtｏkeepwｅaponｏｕtｏfｓchoolｓ，ｂutthescannｅrs（扫描器)canalｓoｄeteｃtcｅllphoｎｅs.Sostudentsatthesescｈｏolｓmusｔleaｖethｅirｐｈｏnesatｈomeoｒpaysｏｍｅonetｏｓtoｒｅitfortｈem.Ｔｈｅbａｎwaspuｔintoplacein202３uｎｄermaｙorMichaelBlｏｏｍberg.Ｅnｄinｇｔhebanwillａlsolｉkelyendaninｄｕstryｔhａtｈassｐruｎgupneａｒdozeｎｓofthｅsｃhoolｓtｈaｔenfoｒcｅthebａn．Workerｓiｎvans（厢式货车)ｔhａtresｅmｂlｅfoodtraｃkｓstｏｒeteｅｎs’cｅllｐｈonesaｎdOｔｈｅrｄeviceｓforadｏllａｒａｄaｙ,(７９)Critiｃｓoｆthｅbanｓayceｌlphoｎｅsａｒeｉmportantsaｆetydevicesforｋiｄsdｕrｉnganeｍeｒｇency.Ｔheｙａlsｏsaｙthatenforcemｅntoｆｔhebanisｕｎevenanｄdisｃrｉminａｔｏrｙ.Ｗheｒethebaniｓeｎｆoｒced,itputsａdisaｄvａntageoｎstudentswｈocan’taffｏrdtopaytostorｅtheirｐhones．Beｆoreputtinｇaｎｏffｉｃialendtothｅｃｅll-phoneban,cｉtｙｅducａtiｏnoｆｆiｃiａlｓａreworkｉngｏncreatinganewｐｏｌiｃy.（８０)Itwｉｌlincluderulesａboutnoｔusiｎgｔｈephｏnesdurinｇｃlassortocheatontests.11.Whｉcｈofthefｏllowiｎｇｉｓｔheｍainiｄｅａoｆthepassage？A.ＮewYorkCｉtｙwillgｉvefinａｎｃｉａlａidtｏpoｏrsｔudenｔs．B．NewYｏrｋCiｔyplａnｓtｏreｓｔrictcｅｌlphonｅuseinｌibrariｅs.C.ＮewYｏrkCiｔｙpｌansｔｏｉnsｔaｌｌmｅｔaｌdｅtectorsinaｌlpｕblｉｃscｈools.D.NewYorkCityｗillsooｎeｎdabａnoncｅｌlphｏnｅsiｎｓchoolｓ．1２.Sｔｕdentspay_＿____adaｙｔoｌeavetheircelｌｐｈoｎesinａvanpａrkeｄneartheirschool.A.adollaｒsB.tｗodｏllarsC．fiｖedoｌlarsD.ｔendolｌａrs13.Mｅtaldeｔecｔorｓwereiｎsｔallｅdｉn88cityschools,ｍainlｙtokeeｐ_______ｏutofschoｏls.A.ceｌlphoneｓB．weapoｎｓC.ａlcoholD.drugs14.TｈｅwordｄiscrimiｎａｔｏrｙiｎParａgrａｐh5proｂaｂlｙmeans_____＿__．A.ｎeｃessａrｙB.toughC.striｃtD．ｕnfair15.Accordingｔothepassage,whichofthefoｌloｗingstatｅmentｓisTRＵＥ?A．Afterthecell-pｈonebanisenｄｅd,studentscanuｓetheirpｈonesｄuringclａss.Ｂ．Ｔhecelｌ-phonebanｉsｅｑuallyenfoｒｃeｄｉｎallpubliｃschｏoｌs．C．Ｔhecell－phonebaｎwasputintoｐlａｃeｉn２023underMaｙoｒＢｉlldeBlａsｉo．D.Aｐhonｅ-ｓtoraｇｅｉndusｔｒｙhａsａppeaｒedoｕｔsidetｈe88ｍetal-deｔectｏrｃampuｓｅs．ＰartIIVｏｃaｂularyandStructuｒｅ(30%）Dｉreｃtionｓ:Iｎｔhｉspartthｅｒｅare３０incｏmpletesentences．FｏｒｅacｈsｅntencｅtｈerｅａrｅfourchoicesmarｋeｄA,B,ＣaｎdＤ.ＣhoｏsｅtheOＮEanswertｈatbｅsｔcomplｅtｅstheseｎｔenｃe.ＴｈeｎblackenｔheCｏrresｐondinｇlettｅｒｏnｔｈeAｎｓｗerShｅet.16.Ａ:Excusemｅ,sir．Ｂuｔcanｙoutellmeiftｈereiｓhotelneaｒherｅ？Ｂ：Ｅｈ…tｈereisoneａｔthestreetｃomer,tｗoblocksawaｙ．A:Thankyouvｅｒymucｈ!B:________＿！A.Ｎｉｃetoｓｅeyou!B．Pardｏｎmｅ．C.Yｏu’rewelcome.Ｄ.Iaｇrｅｅ.１7.Ｉtofｔｅｎtａkｅssometimeforanewcoupletｏ________toeaｃｈother’swａswayoflifｅ.A.refeｒＢ．listeｎＣ．amoｕnｔD.aｄjuｓt１8.Milｋturns____＿_eaｓilｙinｔｈeｓumｍer，soitisｏｆtｅnｋeptinareｆrigerator.A．soｕrB.sweｅtC.bitteｒD．deliciｏuｓ19.ThePｒiｍeMiｎｉｓｔerhadｔo________________ｂecausｅheｗａsｂelievedｔohａvedonｅsoｍethingbaｄaｇaiｎｓthiｓpeople.A.rｅleａｓeB．rｅsigｎC.reformD.regarｄ20．LａstSuｎdayｗｈenMrWaｎｇwasleavingＢeijiｎｇforＣaｎada,aｎｕｍｂｅroｆｈisfriend__＿＿__atｔheairporｔ.A.fｏｕndｈimoｕtB．pｕtｈimupＣ.ｋｎoｃｋeｄhｉmdownD.sawｈｉmoff21.Ｂobｄoesn'tworkhaｒd＿____＿＿＿inschool.Heisｐlayｉngalltｈｅtime!A.atａllB．ｉnallC．ａfｔeraｌlD.aboveall22.1wａnttｏbｕｙａｎewｔｉetｏｇo＿______＿___＿＿_ｔhisbｒoｗnsｕit.A.inｔｏB.ｗithC.afterD.by2３.Ａmyiｓverｙａfraidｏｆdogs,_＿＿＿__＿_______?A.issｈｅB.dｏseｓheC.isｎ’tsheＤ.dｏｅsｎ'ｔsｈe２4.Thｅenginｅｇiｖeｓ＿____＿__＿__smokeanｄsteａm.A.upB．ｉnＣ.awayD.off25.Pleasｅtuｒnthｅｒadio_______＿_＿＿_.Theｂａbyissｌeｅping.A．upB.ｏvｅrＣ．ofｆD.aroｕnd２6.FrankmｏvedtoCalifornｉalａstｓummeｒａnd＿＿____＿_＿_________theｒesｉｎceｔhen.A.hasｓtayedＢ.ｓtayedC.issｔａyｉｎｇD.sｔａyｓ２7.Theaｉｒplaｎe_＿___＿_____toｈavesｕｎｋtｏtｈｅbottｏｍｏfＩndｉaｎOcｅan．A.sｕpposeＢ.suppoｓｅｓC.hａssuppoｓedD.issuppoｓｅd２8．Ｔhｅmａｎagemenｔhａvespｅnttｈewhoｌedａｙｄiｓcｕsｓinｇｔhｅschｅduleofthｅmeｅtiｎg_______ｎextyear.Ａ.holdB.ｈｅlｄC．tｏhｏlｄD.tobｅhｅｌd29．Hisｃargotsｔucｋinｔhemｕd，sohｅ_＿＿__ｇeｔoffanｄaskedthevillagerｎeａrbytohelp.A.canB.ｈaｄtｏC.ｕsｅｄtoD.mａy30.Itwａs_＿_＿______wintｅｒnightaｎdaｐalｅmoonhuｎｇlowin_____ｓky.Ａ.a;aB.tｈe;theＣ.a;theD.tｈe;ａ31.WｈenJackｃamｅｉn,I________diｎneｒｗithｍｙparｅnts.Ａ.wａｓｈaｖｉngB．hadC.amhaｖinｇD．ｈavｅ3２.Wｏulｄyoumiｎｄ___＿quietfｏraliｔtｌeｗhiｌe?Iamdoiｎgmyｃoursewｏrｋ.A.ｋeepB．tokeepＣ.kｅptＤ.keeｐing3３．Ｉfyouｈadｃｏmefiｖｅｍｉnuｔesearlier，yoｕ__＿__＿__him.Iｔ’ｓapｉtyyouｗereｌａte!A.wｏulｄmeetB.wouldhaｖemeｔＣ.ｍetD.hadｍet３4.MyfrｉｅnｄPetｅr，＿_＿__ｈadbeenonavisｉｔｔoAmerｉca,reｔｕｒｎedｙｅsｔｅrdａｙ.A.wｈｉｃhB．thatC.whoD．ｗhｏse35．Iｔtakｅsａtｌeastｆiｖeｙeaｒstotenyears_＿___itiｓpossibleｔotｅsｔthｉｓmediciｎeonhumaｎpatients．A．befｏｒeB．sinｃｅＣ．aftｅｒD.wｈen3６.Ｔheｍanｎｅstdooｒｈａsagｏoｄ______＿＿__＿__oｆgoｉngtｏbｅdaｔ1０p.ｍ．ｅｖeryday．A．ｈabitB．customＣ.traditionＤ.thinｇ37.1gottｈeｎeｗs____＿____＿yoｕrcall,buｔthankyｏujusｔthｅsaｍe.A.duetoB.ｕsedｔoC.sｅｎiｏrtｏＤ.priｏrｔo38.Ａlansoldmostofｈisbelongings.Heｈasｓcａrｃｅlｙ___＿_＿ｌeftinthehousｅ.A.everytｈinｇB.somｅtｈiｎgＣ.anyｔhｉngD．ｎoｔhｉｎg39．Thｅpｒｅsideｎtproｍｉsedtoｋｅeｐalｌtheboaｒdｍeｍbｅrs＿＿___＿_oｆhowthetalksweregｏinｇon．A.informB.infｏrmｉngC．beinfｏrmeｄＤ.infoｒmeｄ４０.__＿___＿gotonｔhetraｉnｗhenitｓtartｅdtｏｍoｖｅ.A.IrarelyhaｄB.ScaｒcｅｌyhadＩＣ.NoｓoonerＩｈadＤ．NosooｎeｒhadＩ41．It’ｓ___＿____＿＿daya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