unit全新版大学英语第二版综合教程

unit全新版大学英语第二版综合教程第1页/共189页BR_BackgroundInformation_mainBackgroundInformationTimelineofSlaveryTheUndergroundRailroadMapReadingUncleTom’sCabin第2页/共189页BR_ThinkWhileListeningThinkWhileListeningListentothesongAbraham,Martin&John,sungbyDion,andthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.1.Afewnamesarementionedinthissong.Canyoumakeoutwhothesepeopleare?TheyareAbrahamLincoln,JohnF.Kennedy,MartinLutherKingandBobbyKennedy.

Clues:TheyareallAmericans.Alldiedyoung.Theyfreedalotofpeople.2.Doyouknowwhytheyalldiedyoung?3.Whomdidtheyfree?第3页/共189页BR_ReadtheScriptoftheSong1Abraham,Martin&JohnHasanybodyhere,SeenmyoldfriendAbraham?Canyoutellme,wherehe’sgone?Hefreedalotofpeople,Butitseemsthegoodtheydieyoung,Youknow,Ijustlookedaround,Andhe’sgone.Anybodyhere,SeenmyoldfriendJohn?Canyoutellme,wherehe’sgone?ReadtheScriptoftheSong第4页/共189页BR_ReadtheScriptoftheSong2Hefreedalotofpeople,Butitseemsthegoodtheyyoung,Ijustlookedaround,Andhe’sgone.Anybodyhere,SeenmyoldfriendMartin?Canyoutellme,wherehe’sgone?Hefreedalotofpeople,Butitseemsthegoodtheydieyoung,Ijustlookedaround,Andhe’sgone.第5页/共189页BR_ReadtheScriptoftheSong3Didn’tyoulovethethingsthattheystoodfor?Didn’ttheytrytofindsomegoodforyouandme?Andwe’llbefree,Somedaysoonit’sgonnabeoneday...Anybodyhere,SeenmyoldfriendBobby?Canyoutellme,wherehe’sgone?IthoughtIsawhimwalkin’upoverthehill,WithAbraham,MartinandJohn.第6页/共189页BR_PeopleintheSong11.AbrahamLincolnAbrahamLincolnwasthesixteenthpresidentoftheUS.AsPresident,heissuedThe

EmancipationProclamation(《解放黑人奴隶宣言》)thatdeclaredforeverfreethoseslaveswithintheConfederacy(南部邦联).PeopleintheSongDuringtheCivilWarLincolnstatedmostmovinglyindedicatingthemilitarycemeteryatGettysburg:“thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain—thatthisnation,underGod,shallhaveanewbirthoffreedom—andthatgovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperishfromtheearth.”第7页/共189页BR_PeopleintheSong2OnApril14,1865,LincolnwasassassinatedatFord’sTheatreinWashingtonbyJohnWilkesBooth,anactor,whosomehowthoughthewashelpingtheSouth.Theoppositewastheresult,forwithLincoln’sdeath,thepossibilityofpeacedied.第8页/共189页OnNovember22,1963,whenhewashardlypasthisfirstthousanddaysinoffice,JohnF.Kennedywaskilledbyanassassin’sbulletsashismotorcade(汽车队)woundthroughDallas,Texas.KennedywastheyoungestmanelectedPresident;hewastheyoungesttodie.BR_PeopleintheSong32.JohnF.KennedyJohnFitzgeraldKennedywasthethirty-fifthpresidentoftheUS.InhisInauguralAddress(就职演说)hesaid:“Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou—askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.”AsPresident,hetookvigorousactioninthecauseofequalrights,callingfornewcivilrightslegislation.第9页/共189页Dr.Kingwasapivotal(关键)figureintheCivilRightsMovement.Hislecturesanddialoguesstirred(激起)theconcernandsparkedtheconscienceofageneration.Inoneofhisspeeches,hesaid,“Ihaveadreamthatmyfourchildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedjudgedbythecoloroftheirskin,butbythecontentoftheircharacter.Ihaveadreamtoday.Ihaveadreamthat...onedayrightthereinAlabama,littleblackboysandblackgirlswillbeabletojoinhandswiththelittlewhiteboysandwhitegirlsassistersandbrothers.Ihaveadreamtoday.”BR_PeopleintheSong43.MartinLutherKing

第10页/共189页Dr.KingwasshotwhilestandingonthebalconyoftheLorraineMotelinMemphis,TennesseeonApril4,1968.Dr.KingwasinMemphistohelpleadsanitationworkersinaprotestagainstlowwagesandintolerableworkingconditions.BR_PeopleintheSong5第11页/共189页KennedyenforcedaFederalcourtorderadmittingthefirstAfricanAmericanstudent—JamesMeredith—totheUniversityofMississippi.Theriot(暴动)thathadfollowedMeredith’sregistration(注册)hadlefttwodeadandhundredsinjured.RobertKennedysawvotingasthekeyBR_PeopleintheSong64.BobbyKennedyBobbyKennedyorRobertF.Kennedy,wasthebrotherofPresidentJohnF.Kennedy.Hewasappointedattorneygeneral(司法部长)oftheUnitedStatesintheearly1960s.InSeptember1962,AttorneyGeneral第12页/共189页toracial(种族的)justice(正义)andcollaborated(合作)withPresidentKennedywhenheproposedthemostfar-reachingcivilrightsstatutesinceReconstruction,TheCivilRightsActof1964,passedafterPresidentKennedywasslainonNovember22,1963.RobertFrancisKennedywasslainonJune5,1968attheAmbassadorHotelinLosAngeles,California.Hewas42yearsold.Althoughhislifewascutshort,RobertKennedy’svisionandidealsliveontoday.BR_PeopleintheSong7第13页/共189页1.Whatisanundergroundrailroadinthenormalsense?2.Whatisthisundergroundrailroadspecialfor?3.Canyouimaginewhatthisrailroadwasbuiltfor?BR_TextPrediction1TextPredictionReadtheintroductorypartofthetextandthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.In2004acenterinhonorofthe“undergroundrailroad”opensinCincinnati.Therailroadwasunusual.Itsoldnoticketsandhadnotrains.Yetitcarriedthousandsofpassengerstothedestinationoftheirdreams.第14页/共189页BR_TextPrediction24.Whatprobablyarethedreamsofthepassengers?5.Whatprobablyisthedestinationoftheirdreams?6.Whatisthetextprobablyabout?第15页/共189页BR_MapReading1MapReadingReadthefollowingthreemapsandanswerthefollowingquestions.Clicktoseebigpicture.第16页/共189页BR_MapReading21.Findthefollowingstates:Alabama,Arkansas,Florida,Georgia,Louisiana,Mississippi,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,Tennessee,Texas,Virginia.2.Whichstatesaremostdenselypopulatedwithslaves?Whichpartdothesestatesbelongto,theNorthernStatesortheSouthernStates?3.Wheredidmostslaveswanttogo?第17页/共189页BR_MapReading3第18页/共189页BR_MapReading4第19页/共189页BR_MapReading5第20页/共189页BR_TimelineofSlavery1TimelineofSlavery1619—SlavesinVirginiaAfricansbroughttoJamestownarethefirstslavesimportedintoBritain’sNorthAmericancolonies.1705—SlavesasPropertyDescribingslavesasrealestate,Virginialawmakersallowedownerstobequeaththeirslaves.Thesamelawallowedmastersto“killanddestroy”runaways.第21页/共189页BR_TimelineofSlavery21775—AmericanRevolutionBeganBattlesattheMassachusettstownsofLexingtonandConcordonApril19sparkedthewarforAmericanindependencefromBritain.1776—DeclarationofIndependenceTheContinentalCongressasserted“thattheseUnitedColoniesare,andofRightoughttobeFreeandIndependentStates”.第22页/共189页BR_TimelineofSlavery31783—AmericanRevolutionEnded

BritainandtheinfantUnitedStatessignedthePeaceofParistreaty.1808—UnitedStatesBannedSlaveTrade

ImportingAfricanslaveswasoutlawed,butsmugglingcontinued.1860—AbrahamLincolnElected

AbrahamLincolnofIllinoisbecamethefirstRepublicantowintheUnitedStatesPresidency.

第23页/共189页BR_TimelineofSlavery41861~1865—UnitedStatesCivilWar

Fouryearsofbrutalconflictclaimed623,000lives.1863—The

EmancipationProclamation

PresidentAbrahamLincolndecreedthatallslavesinrebelterritorywerefreeonJanuary1,1863.1865—SlaveryAbolished

The13thAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionoutlawedslavery.第24页/共189页TheUndergroundRailroadwasnotunderground.Becauseescapingslavesandthepeoplewhohelpedthemweretechnicallybreakingthelaw,theyhadtostayoutofsight.Theywent“underground”intermsofconcealingtheiractions.Sometimestheyevenhidinunusualplaces.Manycleverandcreativeideashelpedslavesduringtheirescape.Whenabolitionist(废奴主义者)JohnFairfieldneededtosneak(偷偷摸摸地进行)28slavesovertheroadsnearCincinnati,hehiredahearse(灵车)anddisguisedthegroupasafuneralprocession.BR_TheUndergroundRailroad1TheUndergroundRailroad1.GeneralInformation第25页/共189页BR_TheUndergroundRailroad2Henry“Box”Brown,aslave,hadhimselfshippedfromRichmondtoPhiladelphiainawoodenbox.

2.RoutestoFreedomTheroutestheslavestraveledappearinthismap.Thetripis560miles(900kilometers)long.Astrong,luckyrunawaymighthavemadeittofreedomintwomonths.Forothers,especiallyinbadweather,thetrek(跋涉)mighthavelastedayear.第26页/共189页BR_TheUndergroundRailroad3第27页/共189页BR_TheUndergroundRailroad4第28页/共189页BR_TheUndergroundRailroad5第29页/共189页

UncleTom’sCabin,writtenbyHarrietBeecherStowe,isoneofthemostfamousandpopularpiecesofCivilWarliterature.Drawnfromselectedpiecesofreallifeanecdotes,UncleTom’sCabinwasabookthatdrewmanypeopleintothefightovertheinstitutionofslavery.Northernershailed(欢呼)thebook,whilesouthernslaveholdersabhorredit.BR_UncleTom’sCabin

UncleTom’sCabin

第30页/共189页GR_mainTrueorFalsePartDivisionoftheTextFurtherUnderstanding第31页/共189页GR_FurtherUnderstandingFurtherUnderstandingTextAnalysisQuestionsandAnswers第32页/共189页GR_TrueorFalse1TrueorFalse1.JustlikeUncleTominUncleTom’sCabin,JosiahHensonwasalong-sufferingslavewhowasunwillingtostandupforhimself.FAccordingtoBarbaraCarter,JosiahHensonwasamanofprincipleandtotallydifferentfromUncleTom.

(

)2.AllthemenandwomenwhoforgedtheUndergroundRailroadwereblacks.FSomewhitesweredrivenbyreligiousconvictionsandtookpartinthismovement.

(

)第33页/共189页GR_TrueorFalse23.Theserailroadconductorswerefrequentlyfacedwithdeaththreatsandwarningsfromthelocalgovernment.T(

)4.ManyfugitiveschoseCanadaastheirprimarydestinationbecauseslaveryhadbeenabolishedthere.T(

)第34页/共189页GR_PartDivisionoftheTextPartDivisionoftheTextPartsPara(s)MainIdeas11~5ItishightimetohonortheheroeswhohelpedliberateslavesbyforgingtheUndergroundRailroadintheearlycivil-rightsstrugglesinAmerica.26~23Bycitingexamplestheauthorpraisestheexploitsofcivil-rightsheroeswhohelpedslavestraveltheUndergroundRailroadtofreedom.第35页/共189页GR_QuestionsandAnswers1QuestionsandAnswersUncleTomwasanenduringslaveandunwillingtostruggleforhimself,whileJosiahHensondidwhathebelievedwasrightandtookanactivepartintheanti-slaverymovement.1.BothJosiahHensonandUncleTomwereslaves.ButintheeyesofBarbaraCarter,theyweredifferent.InwhatwaywasJosiahHensondifferentfromUncleTom?第36页/共189页GR_QuestionsandAnswers2IntheBible,MoseswastheleaderwhobroughttheIsraelitesoutofslaveryinEgyptandledthemtothePromisedLand.JustlikeMoses,HensonhelpedhundredsofslavesescapetoCanadaandliberty,sohewascalledanAfrican-AmericanMoses.2.WhywasHensoncalledanAfrican-AmericanMoses?TheUndergroundRailroadwasasecretwebofescaperoutesandsafehouses.Manymenandwomen,includingboththeblacksandwhites,togetherforgedit.3.WhatwastheUndergroundRailroad?Whoforgedit?第37页/共189页GR_QuestionsandAnswers3Becausemostofthemremaintoolittlerememberedandtheirexploitsarestilllargelyunsung.4.WhydoestheauthorwanttotellthereadersthestoriesoftheheroesoftheUndergroundRailroad?第38页/共189页GR_TextAnalysis1TextAnalysisInthispart,theauthortellsthestoriesofthreecivil-rightsheroes.Whoarethey?Givethemainideaofeachstory.StoriesMainIdeas1Afterwinninghisownfreedomfromslavery,JohnParkerhelpedotherslavesescapenorthtoCanadatogetfreedom.Heroes

Para(s)JohnParker6~10第39页/共189页GR_TextAnalysis2StoriesMainIdeas3Supportedbyastrongreligiousconviction,thewhitemanLeviCoffinhelpedblackslavesescapeathugerisktohimself.Heroes

Para(s)JosiahHenson16~232LeviCoffin11~15BytravelingtheUndergroundRailroad,JosiahHensonreachedhisdestinationandbecamefreeatlast.第40页/共189页AgentlebreezeswepttheCanadianplainsasIsteppedoutsidethesmalltwo-storyhouse.Alongsidemewasaslenderwomaninablackdress,myguidebacktoatimewhenthesurroundingsettlementinDresden,Ontario,washometoaheroinAmericanhistory.Aswewalkedtowardaplaingraychurch,BarbaraCarterspokeproudlyofhergreat-great-grandfather,JosiahHenson.“HewasconfidentthattheCreatorintendedallmentobecreatedequal.Andhenevergaveupstrugglingforthatfreedom.”DR_Text1THEFREEDOMGIVERSFergusM.Bordewich第41页/共189页Carter’sdevotiontoherancestorisaboutmorethanpersonalpride:itisaboutfamilyhonor.ForJosiahHensonhaslivedonthroughthecharacterinAmericanfictionthathehelpedinspire:UncleTom,thelong-sufferingslaveinHarrietBeecherStowe’sUncleTom’sCabin.Ironically,thatcharacterhascometosymbolizeeverythingHensonwasnot.Aracialselloutunwillingtostandupforhimself?Cartergetsangryatthethought.“JosiahHensonwasamanofprinciple,”shesaidfirmly.DR_Text2第42页/共189页

IhadtraveledheretoHenson’slasthome—nowahistoric

sitethatCarterformerlydirected—tolearnmoreaboutamanwhowas,inmanyways,anAfrican-AmericanMoses.Afterwinninghisownfreedomfromslavery,HensonsecretlyhelpedhundredsofotherslavestoescapenorthtoCanada—andliberty.ManysettledhereinDresdenwithhim.Yetthisstopwasonlypartofamuchlargermissionforme.JosiahHensonisbutonenameonalonglistofcourageousmenandwomenwhotogetherforgedtheUndergroundRailroad,asecretwebofescaperoutesandsafehousesthattheyusedtoliberateslavesfromtheAmericanSouth.Between1820and1860,asmanyas100,000slavestraveledtheRailroadtofreedom.DR_Text3第43页/共189页DR_Text4InOctober2000,PresidentClintonauthorized$16millionfortheNationalUndergroundRailroadFreedomCentertohonorthisfirstgreatcivil-rightsstruggleintheU.S.Thecenterisscheduledtoopenin2004inCincinnati.Andit’sabouttime.FortheheroesoftheUndergroundRailroadremaintoolittleremembered,theirexploitsstilllargelyunsung.Iwasintentontellingtheirstories.第44页/共189页DR_Text5JohnParkertensedwhenheheardthesoftknock.Peeringouthisdoorintothenight,herecognizedthefaceofatrustedneighbor.“There’sapartyofescapedslaveshidinginthewoodsinKentucky,twentymilesfromtheriver,”themanwhisperedurgently.Parkerdidn’thesitate.“I’llgo,”hesaid,pushingapairofpistolsintohispockets.第45页/共189页Bornaslavetwodecadesbefore,inthe1820s,ParkerhadbeentakenfromhismotheratageeightandforcedtowalkinchainsfromVirginiatoAlabama,wherehewassoldontheslavemarket.Determinedtolivefreesomeday,hemanagedtogettrainedinironmolding.Eventuallyhesavedenoughmoneyworkingatthistradeonthesidetobuyhisfreedom.Now,byday,ParkerworkedinanironfoundryintheOhioportofRipley.Bynighthewasa“conductor”ontheUndergroundRailroad,helpingpeopleslipbytheslavehunters.InKentucky,wherehewasnowheaded,therewasa$1000rewardforhiscapture,deadoralive.DR_Text6第46页/共189页CrossingtheOhioRiveronthatchillynight,Parkerfoundtenfugitivesfrozenwithfear.“Getyourbundlesandfollowme,”hetoldthem,leadingtheeightmenandtwowomentowardtheriver.TheyhadalmostreachedshoreDR_Text7Parkersawasmallboatand,withashout,pushedtheescapingslavesintoit.Therewasroomforallbuttwo.Astheboatslidacrosstheriver,Parkerwatchedhelplesslyasthepursuersclosedinaroundthemenhewasforcedtoleavebehind.shorewhenawatchmanspottedthemandracedofftospreadthenews.第47页/共189页

TheothersmadeittotheOhioshore,whereParkerhurriedlyarrangedforawagontotakethemtothenext“station”ontheUndergroundRailroad—thefirstlegoftheirjourneytosafetyinCanada.Overthecourseofhislife,JohnParkerguidedmorethan400slavestosafety.Whileblackconductorswereoftenmotivatedbytheirownpainfulexperiences,whiteswerecommonlydrivenbyreligiousconvictions.LeviCoffin,aQuakerraisedinNorthCarolina,explained,“TheBible,inbiddingustofeedthehungryandclothethenaked,saidnothingaboutcolor.”DR_Text8第48页/共189页DR_Text9Inthe1820sCoffinmovedwesttoNewport(nowFountainCity),Indiana,whereheopenedastore.WordspreadthatfleeingslavescouldalwaysfindrefugeattheCoffinhome.Attimesheshelteredasmanyas17fugitivesatonce,andhekeptateamandwagonreadytoconveythemonthenextlegoftheirjourney.EventuallythreeprincipalroutesconvergedattheCoffinhouse,whichcametobetheGrandCentralTerminaloftheUndergroundRailroad.第49页/共189页DR_Text10Forhisefforts,Coffinreceivedfrequentdeaththreatsandwarningsthathisstoreandhomewouldbeburned.Nearlyeveryconductorfacedsimilarrisks—orworse.IntheNorth,amagistratemighthaveimposed

afineorabriefjailsentenceforaidingthoseescaping.IntheSouthernstates,whitesweresentencedtomonthsorevenyearsinjail.OnecourageousMethodistminister,CalvinFairbank,wasimprisonedformorethan17yearsinKentucky,wherehekeptalogofhisbeatings:35,105stripeswiththewhip.第50页/共189页Asfortheslaves,escapemeantajourneyofhundredsofmilesthroughunknowncountry,wheretheywereusuallyeasytorecognize.Withnoroadsignsandfewmaps,theyhadtoputtheirtrustindirectionspassedbywordofmouthandinsecretsigns—nailsdrivenintotrees,forexample—thatconductorsusedtomarktheroutenorth.Manyslavestraveledundercoverofnight,theirfacessometimescakedwithwhitepowder.Quakersoftendressedtheir“passengers,”bothmaleandfemale,ingraydresses,deepbonnetsandandfullveils.Ononeoccasion,LeviCoffinwastransportingsomanyrunawayslavesthathedisguisedthemasafuneralprocession.DR_Text11第51页/共189页DR_Text12Canadawastheprimarydestinationformanyfugitives.Slaveryhadbeenabolishedtherein1833,andCanadianauthoritiesencouragedtherunawaystosettletheirvastvirginland.AmongthemwasJosiahHenson.AsaboyinMaryland,Hensonwatchedashisentirefamilywassoldtodifferentbuyers,andhesawhismotherharshlybeatenwhenshetriedtokeephimwithher.Makingthebestofhislot,Hensonworkeddiligentlyandrosefarinhisowner’sregard.第52页/共189页DR_Text13MoneyproblemseventuallycompelledhismastertosendHenson,hiswifeandchildrentoabrotherinKentucky.Afterlaboringthereforseveralyears,Hensonheardalarmingnews:thenewmasterwasplanningtosellhimforplantationworkfarawayintheDeepSouth.Theslavewouldbeseparatedforeverfromhisfamily.Therewasonlyoneanswer:flight.“IknewtheNorthStar,”Hensonwroteyearslater.“LikethestarofBethlehem,itannouncedwheremysalvationlay.”第53页/共189页

Athugerisk,Hensonandhiswifesetoffwiththeirfourchildren.Twoweekslater,starvingandexhausted,thefamilyreachedCincinnati,wheretheymadecontactwithmembersoftheUndergroundRailroad.“Carefullytheyprovidedforourwelfare,andthentheysetusthirtymilesonourwaybywagon.”TheHensonscontinuednorth,arrivingatlastinBuffalo,N.Y.ThereafriendlycaptainpointedacrosstheNiagaraRiver.“‘Doyouseethosetrees?’hesaid.‘Theygrowonfreesoil.’”HegaveHensonadollarandarrangedforaboat,whichcarriedtheslaveandhisfamilyacrosstherivertoCanada.DR_Text14第54页/共189页“Ithrewmyselfontheground,rolledinthesandanddancedaround,till,intheeyesofseveralwhowerepresent,Ipassedforamadman.‘He’ssomecrazyfellow,’saidaColonelWarren.”“‘Oh,no!Don’tyouknow?I’mfree!’”DR_Text15第55页/共189页DR_Sentence1_JosiahHensonwas…Paraphrasethesentence.JosiahHensonobserved/followedmoralprinciples.

JosiahHensonwasamanofprinciple.第56页/共189页DR_Sentence2_Ihadtraveled…1.WhowasMoses?IntheOldTestament,MoseswastheHebrewprophetandlawgiverwholedtheIsraelitesoutofEgypt.IhadtraveledheretoHenson’slasthome—nowahistoricsitethatCarterformerlydirected—tolearnmoreaboutamanwhowas,inmanyways,anAfrican-AmericanMoses.2.WhywasHensoncalledanAfrican-AmericanMoses?Henson,ablackwholivedinAmerica,helpedotherblacksescapefromtheUS.

第57页/共189页DR_Sentence3_JosiahHensonis…JosiahHensonisbutonenameonalonglistofcourageousmenandwomenwhotogetherforgedtheUndergroundRailroad,Whatisthepartofspeechofbutinthissentence?Andwhatdoesbutmean?Herebutisanadverb,whichmeans“only”.

第58页/共189页DR_Sentence5_Eventuallyhesaved…TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.后来他终于靠这门手艺攒够钱赎回了自由。Eventuallyhesavedenoughmoneyworkingatthistradeonthesidetobuyhisfreedom.第59页/共189页DR_Sentence5_Eventuallyhesaved…Paraphrasethesentence.InKentucky,wherehewasnowheaded,therewasa$1000rewardforhiscapture,deadoralive.InKentucky,anyonewhocapturedhim,nomatterhewasdeadoralive,wouldberewarded$1000andnowhewasgoingtoKentucky.

第60页/共189页DR_Sentence7_Therewasroom…Therewasroomforallbuttwo.Whatdoesbutmean?Whatisthepartofspeechofbutinthissentence?Herebutisapreposition,whichmeans“except”.

第61页/共189页DR_Sentence8_Theothersmade…1.Whatdoesmadeitmean?Makeitmeans“succeedindoingsomething”.Heremadeitmeans“arrived(attheOhioshore)”.

TheothersmadeittotheOhioshore,whereParkerhurriedlyarrangedforawagontotakethemtothenext“station”ontheUndergroundRailroad—thefirstlegoftheirjourneytosafetyinCanada.2.Whatdoeslegmean?Legmeans“astageofajourneyorcourse”.Forexample,thelastlegoftheflight

(飞行中的最后一段路程).

第62页/共189页DR_Sentence8_Theothersmade…WhatisaQuaker?LeviCoffin,aQuakerraisedinNorthCarolina,AQuakerisanymemberoftheSocietyofFriends,areligiousgroupestablishedinEnglandinthe1650sbyGeorgeFox.TheywereoriginallycalledQuakersbecausememberswerethoughtto“quake”orshakewithreligiousexcitement.QuakersworshipChristwithoutanyformalceremonyorfixedbeliefs,andtheirmeetingsofteninvolvesilentthoughtorprayer.Theyarestronglyopposedtoviolenceandwar,andareactiveineducationandcharitywork.

第63页/共189页DR_Sentence9_Makingthebest…1.Whatdoeslotmeaninthissentence?Makingthebestofhislot,Hensonworkeddiligentlyandrosefarinhisowner’sregard.Lotmeans“one’sfortuneinlife,fate”.

2.Paraphrase“rosefarinhisowner’sregard”.Hewasregardedhighlybyhisowner.

第64页/共189页DR_word_breeze1breeze:n.agentlewindAgentlebreezeblewoverthegarden.

凉爽清新的微风acool,refreshingbreezeAllofthefollowingwordsarerelatedtowind.Canyoumatchthemwiththeirdefinitions?NB:第65页/共189页hurricaneDR_word_breeze2astrong,abruptrushofwind

averystrongwindaseveretropicalcyclone,usu.involvingheavyrainsarotatingcolumnofairgust galetornado第66页/共189页DR_word_slender11.(ofpeople)slim;notverywidebutcomparativelylongorhighslenderfingersslender:adj.2.(ofthings)slight;inadequate有苗条身材的女子awomanwithaslenderfigureaslenderwaist渺茫的希望slenderhopesaslenderincome第67页/共189页DR_word_slender2slender,thin&slim这几个词都有细小、瘦弱之意。slender主要表示苗条之瘦，往往含有瘦得好看或匀称

的意思。例如：CF:FilmactressZhangZiyiisaslenderwoman.电影演员章子怡身材苗条。Whenthewindblows,theslendertreebendsbutneverbreaks.起风时，细长的树常被吹弯但决不会被吹断。第68页/共189页DR_word_slender3thin表示人或物的直径与长度的比例较小。例如：

CF:Peopleusuallygetthinnerafteranillness.生病后，人们通常变得瘦一些。Thismetalmaybethinbutisofgreatstrength.这种金属虽然很薄，但强度却很高。slim

用于指人与动物时，其含义与slender相同，但在引申意义上却侧重于贫乏和不足状态。例如：Asaslimboy,hehasnowfilledout.他原是一个清瘦的男孩，现在胖多了。Totellyouthetruth,yourchancestopasstheexamaretooslim.实话告诉你，你考试过关的希望实在是太小了。第69页/共189页DR_word_racialrelatingtoaperson’srace,ortodifferentracesofpeopleThereisaseriousracialconflictinthatAfricancountry.racial:adj.他是种族歧视的牺牲者。Hewasavictimofracialdiscrimination.第70页/共189页DR_word_standupforstandupfor:speak,work,etc.infavorofsb./sth.;supportsb./sthDon’tbeafraidtostandupforyourrights.

我所有的朋友都会支持我。Allmyfriendswillstandupforme.Asoldiermuststanduptothedanger.士兵必须敢于面对危险。standupto:toopposefearlessly;tobear,tolast你的论点根本经不起仔细检查。Yourargumentjustwon’tstanduptoclosescrutiny.第71页/共189页DR_word_principle1aruleorstandard,especiallyofgoodbehaviorIusuallyfollowtheprinciplethatitisbetternottogetinvolvedinotherpeople’squarrels.principle:n.Shewasawomanofprinciple.我们恪守人人都应受到公平对待的原则。Weadheretotheprinciplethateveryoneshouldbetreatedfairly.第72页/共189页DR_word_principle2Collocation：违反原则againstone’sprinciple

作为原则性问题asamatterofprinciple按照原则，根据原则byprinciple

有原则的ofprincipl