句子成分(要的)

关于句子成分(要的)第一页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日英语句子成分有八种:句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。第二页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日句子成分详解句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子WestudyinHuangQiaoMiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组Sheisdancingunderthetree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语BothofuslikeEnglish.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Herfatherisachemist.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！第三页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语第四页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日主语(Subject)：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，常位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后。主语可由下列结构表示。Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.（名词）2)WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.（代词）3)One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.（数词）4)Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词化的形容词）5)Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.（不定式）6)Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.（动名词）7)WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.（主语从句）8)Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.

（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）第五页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日2.谓语(Predicate)：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2)复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。

Wearestudents.第六页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日3.表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由下列结构表示。

1)OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）2)Isityours?（代词）3)Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）4)Thespeechisexciting.（分词）5)Threetimessevenistwentyone?（数词）6)HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7)Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（动名词）8)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.（介词短语）9)Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）10)Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表语从句）第七页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was)状态：seem,appear,prove---感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow持续：remain,stay,keep,第八页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日4.宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）Lendmeyourdictionary.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.

1)Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.（名词）2)Theheavyrainpreventedmeformcomingtoschoolontime.（代词）3)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（数词）4)Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.

（名词化形容词）5)Hepretendednottoseeme.（不定式短语）6)Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.（动名词短语）7)Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（宾语从句）8)Hefoundithardtosolvetheproblem.

（it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的不定式）第九页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日5.宾语补足语(ObjectComplement)：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。1)HisfathernamedhimDongming.（名词）2)Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.（形容词）3)Letthefreshairin.（副词）4)Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.

（不定式短语）5)Wesawherenteringtheroom.（现在分词）6)Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（介词短语）7)Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（从句）第十页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变成主补.

Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.→Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.Theteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexam→Thestudentwascaughtcheatingintheexam

Wemadehimmonitor.→Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.→Thedoorwaspushedopen.第十一页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日6.定语(Attribute)：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

1)Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容词）2)Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadeveloped

country.（分词）

3)Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.（名词）4)HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）5)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.

（不定式短语）6)Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.

（动名词）7)HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.

（介词短语）8)HehasasisterwhoworksinHongKong.(定语从句)

第十二页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日7.状语(adverbialmodifier)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。

1)Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）2)Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）3)Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentrance

examination.（不定式短语）4)Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）5)Waitaminute.（名词）6)Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）第十三页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日状语有如下10种：

1)Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?（时间）2)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseofthe

rain.（原因）3)Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.（条件）4)MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点）5)Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式）6)Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随）7)Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

（目的）8)Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（结果）9)Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步）10)Iamtallerthanheis.（比较）第十四页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分

1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.第十五页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分

11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.第十六页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandtenistwelve.4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth.5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.第十七页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日

1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Iwouldliketoinviteallmyfriendshere.3)Ihavetriedthiswaythreetimes.4)WeshouldpayattentiontotheEnglishidioms.5)Heisworkinginthegarden.第十八页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.（名词）2)Heisalwayscareless.（形容词）3)Thebasketballmatchison.（副词）4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.（介词短语）5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.（不定式）6)HisworkisteachingFrench.（动名词短语）7)Thequestioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.（从句）第十九页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日1)WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.2)Themedicineisgoodforthisboy.3)DoyouunderstandwhatImean?4)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?第二十页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日Ifounditdifficulttofinishthetaskintime.Doyouconsideritanygoodsendingmorepeoplethere?Wehavemadeitclearthatwedisagreed.

WangLinglentme

anoveltoreadinthebus.

第二十一页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日

。

①Maryisachemistryteacher.②Heisourfriend.③Webelongtothethirdworld.④Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.⑤Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.第二十二页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日⑥Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.⑦TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.⑧Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.

⑨Ihaveanideatodoitwell.⑩YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.第二十三页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日1)Shesingsquitewell.（副词）2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.（介词短语）3)Arrivingthere,callmeup.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.6)Heisveryhandsome.第二十四页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.

第二十五页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Wewillmakethem

happy.（形容词）Wefoundnobody

in.(副词作宾补)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式名词）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.

（带to不定式名词）Don’tkeepthefireburning.（现在分词名词）I’llhavemybike

repaired.（过去分词名词）第二十六页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。TheboyinblueisTom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。Therearetwoboysof

9,andthree

of10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。名词：Theboyneedsa

ballpen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。Thereisonlyoneballpeninthe

pencilbox./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词：Theboythereneedsapen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。ThebestboyhereisTom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。不定式：Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。Thereisnothingtodotoday./今天无事要做。分词（短语）：Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。Thepenbought

byherismadeinChina./她买的笔是中国产的。Therearefiveboys

left./有五个留下的男孩。Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。TheboyyouwillknowisTom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame./参加游戏的男孩有五个。第二十七页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日介词短语：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间)分词（短语）Hesitsthere,askingforapen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因）不定式：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词：Comethisway!/走这条路！（方向状语）第二十八页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日(二)选出句中谓语（10分，10分钟）①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast第二十九页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日⑥Tomdidn'tdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didn'tC.doD.hishomework⑦WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.is⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctor⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.music⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book第三十页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日(三)挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟）①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.第三十一页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日(四)挑出下列句中的表语（5分，5分钟）①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.第三十二页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日(五)挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟）①TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!第三十三页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分，6分钟）①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMrWanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?第三十四页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日(七)挑出下列句中的状语（8分，8分钟）①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.第三十五页，共四十一页，编辑于2023年，星期日(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分，5分钟）①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfather