爱尔兰的教育

TheEducationinIreland---Group8CONTENTThesystemofIreland'seducationThescientistsThecharacteristicsofIreland'seducationUniversitiesAbriefintroductionoftheIrisheducation

religion&education

Traditionally,Irisheducationwasundertakenbyvariousreligiousorders,mostlyRomanCatholic(罗马天主教).

withtheresultthatfortyyearsago,almostthreequartersofexistingschoolwere”denominational”(教派旳).InIrelandtoday,therearemanyschoolofCatholicorientation,farfewerofProtestant;oneJewishandoneMuslimschool.1960TheIrishgovernmentmadeeducatingitsyoungpeoplepriority.Abouthalfeachgenerationemigrated,oftentolow-leveljobsintheUnitedKingdomorAmerica.

instituteasystemofteacherpaymentspercapitagrantsforsectarianor“denominational”schoolthusrenderingthemvirtuallyfreeforstudentswhilemaintainingtheformersectarianstructuresofedcationresultafter1960,theparticipationinsecondleveledcationrosefromabout45%toupto90%

In1996-1997theIrishgovernmentextendedfreeeducationtocoverallpublicuniersities,asiscommoninmostofEuropeancourtries.Asaresult,todaytheIrisheducationsystemisamongthecheapestandbestinEurope-buttheuniversitiesthemselvescomplaintheyarechronically(长久地)starvedforfunding.Itshouldbenotedthat“free”edcationatIrishuniversitiesisopenonlytoestablishedIrishresidents.InIreland,edcationiscompulsory(义务旳)forchildrenaged6to15.AllchildrenintheRepublicmustlearntheIrishlanguage.TheeducationsystemisadministeredcentrallybytheDepartmentofEducationwhichprovidesthebulkofcurrentandcapitalfunding.ThreelevelsoftheIrelandeducationFirst-levelSecond-levelThird-levelPresentCurriculumGeographyIrishMathematicsEnglishFrenchArtHistoryMusicPhysicalEducationCraftsSocial

and

Environmental

StudiesFirst-levelSchoolsThevastmajorityofchildrenreceivetheirprimaryeducationin“nationalschools”;i.e.,state-aidedprimaryschools.

Ateamofstate-appointedinspectorsandadvisersensuresthatstandardsinnationalschoolsaremaintained.

Second-levelSchools12VariousTypesTwoCyclesJuniorCycleSeniorCyclestate-ownedacomparativelysmallnumberofcomprehensiveandcommunityschoolsmostsecondaryschoolsprivatelyownedtheLeavingCertificateexamsChineseGaokaohighlycompetitiveandverystressful

AttheendoftheseniorcycleThird-levelSchoolsTherearefivepublicuniversitiesintheState.TheRegionalTechnicalCollegeandtheDublinInstituteofTechnologyplaceaheavyemphasisonappliedscienceandontechnologicaleducation,particularlyintheareaofthenewtechnologies.Manyofthesethird-levelinstitutionsexpandedrapidlyinthe1970stomeetthegovernment'sdemandformoreinclusiveuniversityeducationfortheIrishpeople.Sincethemid-1980s,however,theIrishpopulationhasbeguntodecline,withtheresultthattheIrishuniversitysectorisexpandingrapidlyintotheforeignmarket.TeachingcharacteristicsinIrelandThebiggestcharacteristicisofall-rounddevelopment,especiallypayattentiontophysicalexercise,everydaytheywillbeorganizedorspontaneousorganizationofextracurricularsportsactivities,fromexerciseteambasketball,football,toenhanceendurancerunning,walking,thisisnotonlytheirlife,buttheyarepartofschoollife.1.Payattentiontophysicalexercise,all-rounddevelopmentTheoutlineoftheprimaryschooleducationinIrelandclearlystipulatesthephysicaleducationcurriculummustincludesixsportsactivities:AthleticsDancegymnasticsGames

Outdoorandadventureactivitiesaquatics2.Respectthedifferencesofstudents,encouragestudentstoworkincooperativelearningMoststudentswillreadintothenearestforconvenienceandaslongasthereisproofofresidenceinIreland,totheageoftheage,caneasilyadmission.Sotherewillbeaclassofstudentsofdifferentnationalities,differentcolor,disabledchildrenandnormalchildreninthesameclassintheclassisalsoverycommon.Therefore,itisanimportantstandardtomeasurewhetheraschoolisagoodone.Oneoftheeffectivewayistocarryoutindividualizededucation.3.Campussecurityisatoppriority!IrelandisanoguncountryandIreland'sschoolsareclosed,donotallowoutsiderstovisit.Ifyouwanttoapplyfortheschooltovisit,inadvanceatleast1monthstosubmitonlineapplications,aftertheschoolgivingapproval,youcanvisittheschool.Studentsarenotallowedtogohomealone,thechild'sschoolhasaschoolbusride,ifyoudonotusetheschoolbus,parentsorguardiansneedtopersonallypick.Irelandhasaclearanddetaileddescriptionofthelocationofchildren'sfacilities.Ifitispossibletoaffectthechild'shealth,safetyfacilitiesandbuildings,mustbefarawayfromchildren.Inchildren'sfacilities,Irelandhastwospecializedindependentregulatoryagenciesthatareindependentofthesocialsector.---TuslaInspectionsandPobalComplianceVisits.4.Readasjourney:oneyearinternshipMiddleschoolstudentsinIrelandfor6years,whichwasthreeyearsbeforetheinitialstage,aftertwoyearsofhighschool,inparticularherefourthyears(TransitionYear)istheconversionstagethisyear,thechildrenwillbeappropriatetotakesomecourses,butismorecontactwithsociety,increaseknowledge.UniversitiesThe

NationalUniversityofIreland

(NUI)isa

federaluniversity

systemof

constituentuniversities,previouslycalled

constituentcolleges,and

recognizedcolleges

setupundertheIrishUniversitiesAct

andsignificantlyamendedbytheUniversitiesAct.爱尔兰国立大学，它是一种大学联盟.其联盟组员有:国立都柏林大学、国立科克大学、国立盖尔维大学、国立梅努斯大学，它们分别位于都柏林((Dublin)、科克(Cork)、盖尔维(Galway)及梅努斯(Maynooth)。爱尔兰国立科克大学(UniversityCollegeCork-NationalUniversityofIreland,Cork)爱尔兰国立都柏林大学(UniversityCollegeDublin-NationalUniversityofIreland,Dublin)scientistsRobertBoyle罗伯特·波义耳(1627-1691)《TheScepticalChemist》《怀疑派化学家》Boylewasaleadingintellectualfigureofthe17thcenturyandoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry，oftencalledthe“fatherofchemistry”.HewasaprominentAnglo-Irish19th-centuryphysicist.Hisinitialscientificfamearoseinthe1850sfromhisstudyofdiamagnetism(反磁性学).Laterhemadediscoveriesintherealmsofinfraredradiation(红外线技术)andthephysicalpropertiesofair，describedasTyndalleffect(丁达尔效应).Tyndallalsopublishedmorethanadozensciencebookswhichbroughtstate-of-the-art19thcenturyexperimentalphysicstoawideaudience.From1853to1887hewasprofessorofphysicsattheRoyalInstitutionofGreatBritaininLondon.约翰·丁达尔(JohnTyndall1820~1893年)LordKelvin(开尔文勋爵1824~1907)LordKelvin,formerlyknownasWilliamThomson,wasbornon26June1824inBelfast.Hewasapioneerinmanydifferentfields,particularlyelectromagnetism(电磁学)andthermodynamics(热力学).TheKelvinscale(开氏温标)isnamedafterLordKelvin，whow