Unit+4+Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件【高效备课精研+知识精讲提升】 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit4SpaceExplorationDiscoveringusefulstructures:

Infinitiveusedasattributeoradverbial一、不定式的定义：不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式

动词不定式的时态和语态todotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing1.作___________:例句：那样做是很幼稚的.Toactlikethatischildish.=ItischildishtoactlikethatTomakesuchamistakeisfoolish.=________________________________________________为避免句子出现“头重脚轻”现象，常用it做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。构成以下结构：It+be+adj./n.+todosth.。主语Itisfoolishtomakesuchamistake.2.作___________:例句：IwishtolearnEnglishwell.Mankinddesire

tofindoutthesecretsofuniverse.IfinditdifficulttoworkwithTom.宾语常接不定式做宾语的动词有：afford,agree,aim,arrange,ask,attempt,choose,continue,expect,learn,manage,plan,prefer,prepare,promise,prove,refuse,等.翻译：我觉得对中国来说花钱探索太空是重要的。IfinditsignificantforChinatospendmoneyinspaceexploration.注意以下几组词的区别：(1)rememberdoing/todo(2)forget

doing/todo(3)meandoing/todo意味着……/打算做

(4)regretdoing/todo(5)stopdoing/todoTomwaswatchingTV.Butwhenhisfathergothome,hestoppedtodohishomework.3.作___________:例句：Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.Mybrotheraskedmetocleantheroomwithhim.宾补带to的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:ask,beg,promise,permit,request,allow,invite,encourage,advise,persuade,force,order,remind,等.注意：在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have使役动词)“两听”(hear,listento)“一感觉”(feel)。Whomadehimwork

allnightlong?Thepolicemansawachild

playinthestreet.Don’tmakethechildren

do

suchheavywork.但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。例句：Hewasseento

breakthewindow.Thepolicemansawachildplayinthestreet.（变被动态）_______________________________________________________Imadehimdohiswork.（变被动态）_______________________________________________________但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。Achildwasseentoplayinthestreetbythepoliceman.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).4.作___________:例句：Myambitionistobecomeadoctor.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。表语Hisjobtolookafterthehorses.Ourgoaltobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.isis1.Scientistsworkhardtofind

answers.2.Theymakevehiclestocarry

bravepeopleintospacetofindout

thesecretsoftheuniverse.3.However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.4.YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.5.America’sNASAspaceagencylaunchedVoyager1on5September1977tostudydeepspace.6.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesire

toexploretheuniverse

neverdied.目的状语目的状语定语定语目的状语定语Howaboutthis?Whatarethefunctionsof”todo”7.Chinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospace

in2003.8.ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splantoestablishaspacestationinthefuture.9.Morerecently,ChinahassentChang’e4toexplore

thesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomake

measurementsandobservations.10.Europe,theUS,andChinaallhaveplanstofurtherstudyandexploreplanetslikeMarsandJupiter.11.Despitethedifficulties,scientistshopefuturediscoverieswillnotonlyenableustounderstand

howtheuniversebegan,butalsohelpussurvivewellintothefuture.定语定语目的状语定语目的状语TheInfinitiveastheAttributive(动词不定式用作定语)不定式作定语，一般放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。例如：Ihavealotofwork

todo.Sheisthefirststudent

tocometoschool.Thereisnothing

toworryabout.

只能用动词不定式做定语的情况例：1.Pleasemakeaneffort

tocatchthebus.2.Hemadeapromise

tocomehereontimetomorrow.1.当修饰的名词是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish…（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的抽象名词）2.序数词、形容词最高级和thelast/theonly/thenext等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。Thenewspaperreporterwasthelasttowalkoutofthecave.Thisisthethirdquestiontobediscussed.这是要讨论的第三个问题。那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。3.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语。I’vegrownsocrazyabouteverything

todowithnature.Thelettertobewrittenistomyfather.Themattertobediscussedisimportant.5.不定式作定语也可用在have…todo和therebe中。【练习】1.Thereisnoone

careofher(take).2.Ihavenojewelry__________(wear）.towear1.Ihavenothingtofearbutfearitself.2.Doyouhaveanythingtosay?3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout/tobeworriedabout.totake1.Wemustfindapersontodothework.2.Therearelotsofinterestingthingstosee.3.Theygottheordertoleavethecity.动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、或同位关系。主谓关系（主动）动宾关系（被动）同位关系6.不定式里的动词作定语时的关系

1）不定式与所修饰的词是主谓关系.Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Sheisalwaysthefirst(person)tocomeandthelasttoleave.2）不定式与所修饰的词是动宾关系.Wehavesomething

todiscuss.（主谓关系）（discusssomething.动宾关系）（thepersoncomesandleaves.主谓关系）Ihaveameeting

（attend）.

toattendthemeeting动宾关系Iattend主谓关系toattend不定式作后置定语，与被修饰词是动宾关系，且不定式和句子的主语是主谓关系，则不定式用主动表被动。Ihavealotofclothes

（wash）.Ihavealotofclothes

（wash）bymymother.towashtobewashed不定式作后置定语，与被修饰词是动宾关系，且不定式和句子的主语是主谓关系，则不定式用主动表被动。3)不定式与所修饰的词是同位关系,解释说明所修饰词的内容，常见的这类词有plan,effort,ability,chance,decision,way,ambition...e.g.Imustkeep

thepromisetopaywithinamonth.

1.Givemeasuitablepentowritewith.2.Hismotherislookingforahousetolivein.3.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.4.Hereisapieceofpaperforyoutowriteon.作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。7、不定式加介词作定语单句语法填空①InmanyhomesintheUK,thefirstperson___________(wake)uphastomaketeaforthefamily．②Theairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea．③Thebestway____________(improve)yourEnglishistojoinanEnglishclub．④Carolwashappythatshehadthechance_____________(experience)thelifeinthecity．⑤Thesecoursesofferusopportunities____________(improve)ourabilitiestoappreciateart．towaketobecompletedtoimprovetoexperiencetoimproveTheInfinitiveastheadverbial(动词不定式用作状语)1.目的状语①Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.

他来这儿参加一个重要的会议。②Helaiddownhislifetosavethechild.他为了救这个孩子献出了生命。③Heshoutedandwavedinordertobenoticed.

他喊了一声，挥了挥手，以引起注意。④

I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoasnotto

forgetit.我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo，和soas(not)todo结构（soastodo不可以置于句首）。2.结果状语①Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.

他回家后得知女儿刚刚订婚了。②HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.

他到家发现他的老朋友乔治在等他。③WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited?

我说了什么使你这么激动?不定式作结果状语常与learn,find,see,hear,make等连用。①Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.

她气得连话都说不出来。②Theboyisoldenoughto

takecareofhimself.

这个男孩够大了，可以自己照顾自己。③Hehurriedtothestation,onlyto

findthetrainhadleft.他匆匆忙忙赶到火车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。④I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。不定式作结果状语常用于以下句型结构：①so/such…astodo

②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意外的或事与愿违的结果)

④too…todo1.Heboughtabookandwassurprised_________(find)apictureoftheartistPierreBonnardsittingonthesamechairinthesamegardenashisfather’spainting.2.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.3.Mary’ssister,FrancesToddWallance,oftencameover__________(plant)flowersinthefrontyard.tofind高考链接tobetoldtoplant原因状语（意外）结果状语目的状语3.原因状语①I'mgladtoseeyou.

很高兴见到你。②Samwasverysurprisedtohearthenews.

萨姆听到这个消息很吃惊。③Iwasafoolnottolistentoyouatthattime.

我真是个傻瓜，当时不听你的话。不定式作原因状语常用于以下句型结构：“主语(人)

+be+形容词+todo”，此类形容词多是glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的情绪形容词。

4.“主语(物)+be+形容词+todo”这一结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。用于此结构的形容词有：easy,difficult,important,nice,pleasant,hard,dangerous,comfortable等；且不定式和句子的主语是动宾关系Thesongishard

（sing）.Thequestioniseasy

（understand）.Ourmonitoriseasy

（get）alongwith.Theproblemisverydifficult

（solve）.toget

tosolve

tounderstandtosing

单句语法填空①________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse．②WetravelonDay2tonorthernFrance_______(visit)theWorldWarⅠbattlefields．③WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad______(find)themalive．④Wouldyoubesokindas________(spare)sometimetocomeandjoinus?TolearntovisittofindtospareTheairport______________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

(2013四川改)2.Wearehavingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision__________(make)atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourcompany.(2012重庆)3.Volunteeringgivesyouachance_________(change)lives,includingyourown.

(2013北京)4.Thestudentsarelookingforwardtohavinganopportunity_________(explore)societyofreal-lifeexperience.(2013

上海)5.Ihavealotofreadings___________(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.

(2010

山东)tobecompletedtobemadetochange高考链接toexploretocomplete6.Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.(2009安徽)7.Theability_________(express)anideaisasimportantastheideaitself.(2011湖南)8.It’simportantforthefigures____________(update)regularly.(2011北京)9.Birds’singingissometimesawarningtootherbirds______(stay)away.(2012北京)10.It’sstandardpracticeforacompanylikethisone_________(employ)asecurityofficer.(2014山东)tobeproducedtoexpresstostaytobeupdatedtoemploy11._________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.(2016北京改)12.Anxiously,shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton,only_______(find)itdidn’tfit.(2014天津改)13.Groupactivitieswillbeorganisedafterclass_________(help)childrendevelopteamspirit.(2014重庆改)14.Georgereturnedafterthewar,only__________(tell)thathiswifehadlefthim.(2012山东)15.Thismachineisveryeasy___________(operate).Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.(2012辽宁)16.Wewereastonished________(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010辽宁)