国际贸易学综合答案

2004年攻读入学考试相等。( 按照国际商会《2000年通则》的规定，如果买方想采用铁路，愿意办理清关手续并担其中的费用，买方可以采用FCA贸易术语。( 要向受益人索回货款。( 5．2002年8月国际金组织有关数据表明，2001年黄金储备增长最多的国家。( 厂商对要素的需求取决于 3．一切险与水渍险各项责任的不同之处在于( )的赔偿。A．自然所造成的单独海损 )

rK MPL 一项合同成立的有效条件包括 在下列IME类型中，属于普通的是 C．基 C．择 供给100单位，需进口200单位才能满内需求。现假定的服装为100单位，并将按一年的进口量分配给各进口国。请图示对的服装进行分向当地邮局交发关于接受我方发盘的电报。但由于当地邮局工人，该电报在传递途中延误到22日才送达我方。我公司认为对方答复逾期，未予置理，并将货物以较高价格售予外商B。525日，A来电称：信用证已经开出，要求我方尽早出运货物。我试析战略性外购(strategicoutsourcing的合理性。七、专业英语(英译中，每题25分，共50分)TheTaylorRule:CouldRobotReceAlanGreenspan?MacroeconomistJohnTaylorofStanfordUniversityCallsforaNewMonetaryRuleThatWouldInstitutionalizeAppropriateFedResponsestoChangesinRealOutputandInflation.Inourdiscussionofrulesversusdiscretion,“rules”wereassociatedwithapassivemonetary-oneinwhichthemonetaryrulerequiredthattheFedexpandthemoneysupplyatafixedannualrateregardlessofthestateoftheeconomy.“Discretion”ontheotherhand,wasassociatedwhichtheFedchangedtheinterestrateinresponsetoactualoranticipatedchangesintheEconomistJohnTaylorhasputanewtwistontherule-versus-discretiondebatebysuggestionahybridrulethatdictatesthepreciseactivemonetaryactionstheFedshouldtakewhenchangesintheeconomyoccur.Thisso-calledTaylorrulecombinestraditionalmonetarism,withitsemphasisonamonetaryrule,andthemoremainstreamviewthatactivemonetaryisausefultooltaminginflationandlimitingrecession.UnliketheFriedmanmonetaryrule,theTaylorruleholds,forexample,thatmonetaryshouldrespondtochangesinbothrealGDPandinflation,notsimplyinflation.Thekeyadjustmentinstrumentistheinterestrate,notthemoneyTheTaylorrulehasthreeIfrealGDPrises1percentabovepotentialGDP,theFedshouldraisetheFederalFundsrate(theinterbankinterestrateofovernightloans),relativetothecurrentinflationrate,by.5Ifinflationrisesby1percentaboveitstargetof2percent,thentheFedshouldraisetheFederalfundsrateby.5percentrelativetotheinflationrate.WhentherealGDPisequaltopotentialGDPandinflationisequaltoitstargetrateof2percent,theFederalfundsrateremainatabout4percent,whichwouldimplyarealinterestrateof2percent.Taylorhasneithersuggestednorimpliedthatarobot,programmedwiththeTaylorrule,shouldreceAlanGreenspan,chairmanoftheFederalSystem.TheFed’sdiscretiontooverridetherule(or“contingencynfor”)wouldberetained,buttheFedwouldhavetoexinwhyitspoliciesdivergedfromtherule.Sotherulewouldremovethe“mystery”associatedwithmonetaryandincreasetheFed’saccountability.Also,saysTaylor,ifusedconsistently,therulewouldenablemarketparticipantstopredictFedbehavior,andthiswouldincreaseFedcredibilityandreduceuncertainty.CriticsoftheTaylorruleadmititismoreintunewithcountercyclicalFedthanwithFriedman’ssimplemonetaryrule.ButtheyseenoreasontolimittheFed’sdiscretioninadjustinginterestratesasitseesfittoachievestabilizationandgrowth.Monetarymaybemoreartthanscience.ThecriticsalsopointoutthattheFedhasdonearemarkablejobofpromotingpricestability,fullemployment,andeconomicgrowthoverthepastdecade.Inviewofthissuccess,theyask,“WhysaddletheFedwithahighlymechanicalmonetaryrule?”PetitionoftheCandlemakers,FrenchEconomistFredericBastiat(1801-1850)DevastatedtheProponentsofProtectionismbySatiricallyExtendingTheirReasoningtoItsLogicalandAbsurdConclusions.PetitionoftheManufacturersofCandles,Waxlights,Lamps,Candlesticks,StreetLamps,Snuffers,Extinguishers,andoftheProducersofOilTallow,Rosin,Alcohol,and,Generally,ofEverythingConnectedwithLighting.TOMESSIEURSTHEMEMBERSOFTHECHAMBEROFGentlemen-Youareontherightroad.Youreject theories,andhavelittleconsiderationforcheapnessandplenty.Yourchiefcareistheinterestofproducer.Youdesiretoemancipatehimfromexternalcompetition,andreservethenationalmarketfornationalindustry.Weareabouttoofferyouanadmirableopportunityofapplyingyour-whatshallwecallit?No;nothingismoredeceptivethantheory;yourdoctrine?Yoursystem?yourprinciple?butyoudislikedoctrines,youabhorsystems,andasprinciples,youdenythatthereareanyinsocialeconomy:weshallsay,then,yourpractice,yourpracticewithouttheoryandwithoutprinciple.Wearesufferingfromtheintolerablecompetitionofaforeignrival,ced,itwouldseem,inaconditionsofarsuperiortooursfortheproductionoflight,thattheabsolu yinundatesournationalmarketwithitatapricefabulouslyreduced.Themomentheshowshimself,ourtradeleavesus-allconsumersapplytohim;andabranchofnativeindustry,havingcountlessramifications,isalloncerenderedcomple ystagnant.Thisrival…isnootherthantheSun.Whatweprayforis,thatismaypleaseyoutopassalaworderingtheshuttlingupallofwindows,skylights,dormerwindows,outsideandinsideshutters,curtains,blinds,bull’s-eyes;inaword,ofallopeningsholes,chinks,clefts,andfissures,byorthroughwhichthelightofthesunhasbeeninusetoenterhouses,totheprejudiceofthemeritoriousmanufacturerswithwhichweflatterourselveswehave modatedourcountry,-acountrywhich,ingratitude,oughtnottoabandonusnowtoastrifesounequal.Ifmoretallowisconsumed,thentheremustbemoreoxenandsheep;andconsequently,weshallbeholdthemultiplicationofartificialmeadows,meat,wool,hides,and,aboveall,manure,whichisthebasisandfoundationofallagriculturalwealth.Thesameremarkappliestonavigation.Thousandsofvesselswillproceedtothewhalefishery;and,inashorttime,weshallpossessanavycapableofmaintainingthehonorofFrance,andgratifyingthepatrioticaspirationsofyourpetitioners,theundersignedcandlemakersandothers.Onlyhavethegoodnesstoreflect,Gentlemen,andyouwillbeconvincedthatthereisperhaps,noFrenan,fromthewealthcoalmastertohumblestvenderofLucifermatches,whoselotwillbeamelioratedbysuccessofthisourpetition.

2004年攻读入学考试相等。( 需求增加。 按照国际商会《2000年通则》的规定，如果买方想采用铁路，愿意办理清关手续并担其中的费用，买方可以采用FCA贸易术语。( 要向受益人索回货款。( 5．2002年8月国际金组织有关数据表明，2001年黄金储备增长最多的国家。( 答：1.√2.×3.×4.× 厂商对要素的需求取决于 3．一切险与水渍险各项责任的不同之处在于( )的赔偿。A．自然所造成的单独海损 A.活期存 2.A3. 4.A5.

rK MPL 一项合同生效的有效条件包括 E.在下列IMF类型中，属于的是 C．基 择 本的边际产品等于劳动的增长率。他是由1961年。他认为如果衡汇率来折算，才能保持相等。用表示为Pa=ePb。寄售：是一种委托的贸易方式，也是国际贸易中习惯采用的做法之一。在我国货物后，由代销人向货主结算货款的一种贸易做法。示处置货物。货物的所有权在寄售地之前仍属寄售人。尚在途中，条件即，不成则仍运至原定目的地。答：（1）总需求冲击后（例如导致经济，从一个非充分就业的均衡状态回复到充分就业的均衡 A AD0ASKA所确定的充分就业状降到P1。这时，有两种选择：一是使该经济停留在价格水平为P1，收入水平为y1的状态（至少短期如此；二是采取旨在刺激需求的政策。新凯恩斯主义主张第二种ASK曲线并没有变动，答：（1）可以完全相互替代，市场区位不同，市场时间。同质产品的产业内贸易包括国家之间对家之间，由于需求发生，因而贸易易于产生。答：（1）“芬两难”的定义金。这个最终使布雷顿森林体系无法维持。给太少又会发生国际清偿力不足的问题。这个终将使布雷顿森林体系无法维持。与分析题(1、21031434分)，国内的服装均衡价格为8/1单位，数量为200单位。而服装的世界市场价格为额按一年的进口量分配给各进口国。请图示对的服装进行分析。所以a 即需求函数为Qd400得c 所以供给函数为QS得 /单位，市场需求Qd400256250，国内供应QS25p此时的服装如图2-20所示P（ E 2-20中S表示服装的国内供给，D表示服装的国内需求，E导致的效率损失是ABCMNP(5021)5021 B。525日，A来电称：信用证已经开出，要求我方尽早出运货物。我方立即试析战略性外购(strategicoutsourcing)的合理性。答：（1）地增加企业的管理成本。将非业务外购后，企业则可以通过外向资源配置化企业后，其质量能得到显著而迅速的改善，从而对业务起到推动作用，增加整体赢利。专注于公司的业务，确立企业在行业中的优势。③强化公司的能专业英语(英译中，每题25分，共50分)TheTaylorRule:CouldRobotReceAlanMacroeconomistJohnTaylorofStanfordUniversityCallsforaNewMonetaryRuleThatWouldInstitutionalizeAppropriateFedResponsestoChangesinRealOutputandInflation.Inourdiscussionofrulesversusdiscretion,“rules”wereassociatedwithapassivemonetary-oneinwhichthemonetaryrulerequiredthattheFedexpandthemoneysupplyatafixedannualrateregardlessofthestateoftheeconomy.“Discretion”ontheotherhandwasassociatedwhichtheFedchangedtheinterestrateinresponsetoactualoranticipatedchangesintheeconomy。EconomistJohnTaylorhasputanewtwistontherule-versus-discretiondebatebysuggestionahybridrulethatdictatesthepreciseactivemonetaryactionstheFedshouldtakewhenchangesintheeconomyoccur.Thisso-calledTaylorrulecombinestraditionalmonetarism,withitsemphasisonamonetaryrule,andthemoremainstreamviewthatactivemonetaryisausefultooltaminginflationandlimitingrecession.UnliketheFriedmanmonetaryrule,theTaylorruleholds,forexample,thatmonetaryshouldrespondtochangesinbothrealGDPandinflation,notsimplyinflation.Thekeyadjustmentinstrumentistheinterestrate,notthemoneysupply.TheTaylorrulehasthreeIfrealGDPrises1percentabovepotentialGDP,theFedshouldraisetheFederalFundsrate(theinterbankinterestrateofovernightloans),relativetothecurrentinflationrate,by.5Ifinflationrisesby1percentaboveitstargetof2percent,thentheFedshouldraisetheFederalfundsrateby.5percentrelativetotheinflationrate.WhentherealGDPisequaltopotentialGDPandinflationisequaltoitstargetrateof2percent,theFederalfundsrateremainatabout4percent,whichwouldimplyarealinterestrateof2percent.Taylorhasneithersuggestednorimpliedthatarobot,programmedwiththeTaylorrule,shouldreceAlanGreenspan,chairmanoftheFederalSystem.TheFed’sdiscretiontooverridetherule(or“contingencynfor”)wouldberetained,buttheFedwouldhavetoexinwhyitspoliciesdivergedfromtherule.Sotherulewouldremovethe“mystery”associatedwithmonetaryandincreasetheFed’saccountability.Also,saysTaylor,ifusedconsistently,therulewouldenablemarketparticipantstopredictFedbehavior,andthiswouldincreaseFedcredibilityandreduceCriticsoftheTaylorruleadmititismoreintunewithcountercyclicalFedthanwithFriedman’ssimplemonetaryrule.ButtheyseenoreasontolimittheFed’sdiscretioninadjustinginterestratesasitseesfittoachievestabilizationandgrowth.Monetarymaybemoreartthanscience.ThecriticsalsopointoutthattheFedhasdonearemarkablejobofpromotingpricestability,fullemployment,andeconomicgrowthoverthepastdecade.Inviewofthissuccess,theyask,“WhysaddletheFedwithahighlymechanicalmonetaryrule?”•在关于“规则对自身判断”的争论中，提出了一种新的观点，这种GDP与通货膨胀做出反应，而不是简单假如通货膨胀率相对于2%目标利率水平提高了1%，那么美联储应该提高基金利率，相对于通货膨胀率提高到5%。率仍然保持在4%的水平，从而可以保证2%的真实利率水平。规则的批评者们承认规则比起的简单货币规则更加符合美联储的反PetitionoftheCandlemakers,FrenchEconomistFredericBastiat(1801-1850)DevastatedtheProponentsofProtectionismbySatiricallyExtendingTheirReasoningtoItsLogicalandAbsurdConclusions.PetitionoftheManufacturersofCandlesWaxlights,Lamps,Candlesticks,StreetLamps,Snuffers,Extinguishers,andoftheProducersofOilTallow,RosinAlcohol,and,Generally,ofEverythingConnectedwithLighting。TOMESSIEURSTHEMEMBERSOFTHECHAMBEROFGentlemen-Youareontherightroad.Youreject theories,andhavelittleconsiderationforcheapnessandplenty.Yourchiefcareistheinterestofproducer.Youdesiretoemancipatehimfromexternalcompetition,andreservethenationalmarketfornationalindustry.Weareabouttoofferyouanadmirableopportunityofapplyingyour-whatshallwecallit?No;nothingismoredeceptivethantheory;yourdoctrine?Yoursystem?yourprinciple?butyoudislikedoctrines,youabhorsystems,andasprinciples,youdenythatthereareanyinsocialeconomy:weshallsay,then,yourpractice,yourpracticewithouttheoryandwithoutWearesufferingfromtheintolerablecompetitionofaforeignrival,ced,itwouldseem,inaconditionsofarsuperiortooursfortheproductionoflight,thattheabsolu yinundatesournationalmarketwithitatapricefabulouslyreduced.Themomentheshowshimself,ourtradeleavesus-allconsumersapplytohim;andabranchofnativeindustry,havingcountlessramifications,isalloncerenderedcompleystagnant.Thisrival…isnootherthantheSun.Whatweprayforis,thatismaypleaseyoutopassalaworderingtheshuttlingupallofwindows,skylights,d