【课件】Unit+5+Discovering+Useful+Structures+课件人教版（2019）必修第一册

人教版（2019）必修一Unit5

Languages

Around

the

WorldDiscovering

UsefulStructuresDescribe

your

favourite

thingsLearning

objectivesBy

the

end

of

this

section,

you

will

be

able

to:identify and

summarise

the function

of relative

adverbs

in

restrictive

relative

clauses;describe

one

of

your

favourite

memories

with

restrictive

relative

clauses.Review

the

grammar

you

learnt

in

the

last

unit.modify

anounorpronouncan

be

introducedby

relative

pronounsThere

were

deep

cracks

that

appeared

in

the

well

walls.The

number

of

people

who

were

killed

or

badly

injured

in

the

quake

was

more

than

400,000.The

supplies

which

were

provided

to

the

disaster

area

were

collected

from

around

the

country.L

e

a

d

-

i

nrestrictive

relative

clausesprovide

specific

informationthat,

which,who,

whom,whosePresentationLook

atthese

sentences

and

underline

the

restrictive

relative

clauses.

Whatkind

of

information

does

each

clausecommunicate?It

wasatime

whenpeople

weredivided

geographically.Information:

a

time

for

aneventEmperor

Qinshihuang

united

the

seven

major

states

into

one

unified

countrywherethe

Chinese

writingsystem

began

todevelop

inonedirection.Information:

a

locationfor

an

eventThere

are

many

reasonswhypeople

learn

aforeign

language.Information:

a

reason

for

anactionThese

were

animal

bones

and

shells

on

which

symbols

were

carved

by

ancientChinese

people.Information:

a

locationfor

an

action限制性定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句1.

when引导定语从句的用法(1)

当先行词是表示时间的名词（如time，day，year，month，week等），且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用

when

引导。(2)

when可以换成“介词+which”。The

first

of

October,

1949,

is

the

day

when

(=on

which)

the

People’s

Republic

of

China

wasfounded.1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。I’ll

never

forget

the

time

when

(=during

which)

we

visited

Xi’an.我永远不会忘记我们参观西安的那段时间。Do

you

remember

the

day

when

(=on

which)

we

first

met?你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？注意当先行词是表示时间的名词时

，

既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语

，

则用

when引导

；

若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。Do

you

still

remember

the

days(that/which)

we

spent

together

on

the

farm?你还记得我们一起在农场度过的那些日子吗？（that

或which

作spent

的宾语）Do

you

still

remember

the

dayswhen

we

chatted

with

each

other

all

night?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？（when在从句中作状语）2.

where引导定语从句的用法当先行词是表示具体地点的名词（

如place，room，

mountain，airport等）或表示抽象地点的名词（如case，state，condition，point，situation等），且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。where可以换成“介词+which”。This

isthe

place

where

(=at/in

which)

wefirst

met.这是我们第一次见面的地方。Thehotel

where

(=at/in

which)

we

stayed

wasvery

clean.我们住的旅馆很干净。Irecently

went

back

to

the

town

where

(=in

which)

my

father

wasborn.我最近回到了我父亲出生的那个城镇。I’d

like

to

live

in

a

country

where

(=in

which)

there

is

plenty

of

sunshine.我想住在一个阳光充足的国家。注意当先行词为表示地点的名词时，

如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。Hisfather

worksin

afactorywhich/that

makesradio

parts.他的父亲在一家制造收音机零件的工厂里工作。辨析——where引导的定语从句和状语从句(1)

where引导定语从句时，为关系副词，在定语从句中作地点状语，其前有一个表示地点的先行词。此时，where

可以换成“介词+which”结构。where引导的定语从句只能位于主句之后或句中，不能位于句首。Isthere

a

shop

around

where

(=in

which)

we

can

buy

some

fruit?附近有没有一个商店可以让我们在里面买些水果?(2)

where引导状语从句时

，

为从属连词。where引导的地点状语从句修饰主句中的谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的名词。此时，where不能换成“介词+which”结构。where引导的地点状语从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。Where

there

isa

will,

there

isa

way.We

should

go

where

we

are

needed.（谚）有志者，事竟成。我们应该到需要我们的地方去。3.

why引导定语从句的用法(1)

当先行词是表示原因的名词reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。(2)

why可以用for

which

来代替。That’s

thereason

why

(=for

which)

hemissed

hisbus.那就是他没赶上公共汽车的原因。Ididn’t

get

a

pay

rise,

but

this

wasn’t

the

reason

why

(=for

which)

I

left.我没有得到加薪，但这并不是我离开的原因。注意若先行词为reason

，

且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。Thereason

that

he

told

me

yesterday

isa

lie.

昨天他告诉我的理由是个谎言。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.

关系代词的选择“介词+关系代词”既可以引导限制性定语从句

，

也可以引导非限制性定语从句。在此结构中，先行词指人时关系代词用whom，不可用who/that；先行词指物时关系代词用which不能用

that。This

isthe

student

for

whom

I

bought

a

book.This

isthe

ship

by

which

I

went

to

Shanghai.这就是我去上海所乘的船。Thefilm

in

which

he

played

the

leading

role

wasa

great

success.他主演的那部电影非常成功。这就是我给买书的那个学生。2.

介词的选择(1)根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。Isthis

the

car

for

which

you

paid

a

high

price?这就是你花高价买的那辆车吗？(pay

...for

sth.)In

the

dark

street,

there

wasn’t

a

single

person

to

whom

she

could

turn

for

help.在漆黑的街上，没有一个她可以求助的人。(turn

to

sb.

for

help)

(2)根据定语从句中的主要形容词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。He

brought

the

result

with

which

the

bosswassatisfied.他带来了令老板满意的结果。(be

satisfied

with)(3)

根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配来确定介词。先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词。Can

you

tell

me

the

way

in

which

themachine

works?你能告诉我这台机器的工作原理吗？(in

the

way)Ican’t

remember

the

age

at

which

he

won

the

prize.我记不起他获奖时的年龄了。(at

the

age)(4)

根据句子的意思来确定介词。有些句子中，

定语从句中的谓语动词/主要形容词与介词也不能构成固定搭配

，

这时

，

需要根据句子所要表达的意思来选择介词。This

isthe

pilot

with

whom

my

brother

has

worked

for

ten

years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。This

kind

of

colorless

gas

without

which

we

can’t

live

iscalled

oxygen.这种无色气体被称作氧气，没有它我们就不能生存。3.

介词可以后移，此时关系代词可以省略（省略时，介词必须后移）。This

isthe

book

for

which

you

asked.

这是你要的那本书。This

isthe

book

(which/that)

you

asked

for.

这是你要的那本书。注意有些固定的动词短语一般不能拆开，介词一般只能放在动词的后面。4.

在“介词+关系代词”结构中

，

介词也可换成介词短语

，

如by

means

of

，because

of，at

the

foot

of，atthe

back

of，in

front

of，on

the

top

of

等。若介词短语表示位置，则定语从句往往用倒装语序。Sound

is

a

tool

by

means

of

which

people

communicate

with

each

other.声音是人们互相交流的工具。They

stayed

in

a

big

hotel

in

frontof

which

was

a

garden.他们住在一家大旅馆里，旅馆前面是一个花园。P

r

a

c

t

i

c

eUnderline

the

clausesin

the

sentences

and

decide

whether

they

are

restrictive

relative

clausesor

object

clauses.Relative

clauseThereason

why

he

found

German

so

difficult

was

because

of

its

grammar.Object

clauseA:

Have

you

decided

where

we

should

go

for

our

holiday

yet?Relative

clauseB:

After

learning

for

two

years,

I

really

want

to

visit

a

country

where

French

is

spoken.Relative

clauseAccording

to

an

old

story,there

wasonce

a

time

when

the

whole

world

spoke

only

one

language.Object

clauseThis

passage

introduces

how

Chinese

characters

have

changed

over

time.Fill

in

the

table

to

complete

each

phrase

with

a

restrictive

relative

clause.Then

use

the

phrasesto

makecomplete

sentences.the

placewherethe

reasonwhy

I

didn’t

get

apay-rise.I

don’t

know

the

reason

why

I

didn’t

get

a

pay-rise.the

place/timein/atwhichmyfriend

livesI

found

Grandma’s

glassesI

was

on

holiday

the

day

when

the

earthquake

happened.She

works

near

the

place

where

my

friendlives.This

is

the

cupboardGrandma’s

glasses.in

whichI foundthe

daywhenthe

earthquake

happenedComplete

the

passage

with

the

correct

relative

adverbs

or

pronouns.

Add

a

preposition

where

necessary.When

I

started

studying

German,

it

was

a

struggle.

The

words

felt

strange

on

mytongue,

and

the

grammar

would

not

stay

in

my

head.

I

told

my

mum

that

I

wanted

togive

up,

and

that

I

would

never

live

in

a

country

where/in

whichGerman

was

spoken.My

mum

told

me

that

studying

a

language

was

not

just

for

my

future.

It

was

exercise

for

the

brain;

the

more

I

learnt

of

a

language,

the

more

my

brain

would

grow.

And

Iremember

that

day

when/on

whichI

suddenly

felt

like

German

was

no

longer

aforeignlanguage.It

felt

like

my

brain

had

doubledinsize.I

hadfinally

come

toa

placeI

could

think

in

this

foreign

language,

and

I

could

see

the

world

froma

different

point

of

view.

I

felt

as

if

I

had

reached

the

goal

which/that

I

had

beenfighting

for.

I

could

open

a

book

and

see

meanings,

not

just

a

sea

of

words.

I

finallyunderstood

the

reason

why

my

mum

had

encouraged

me

not

to

give

up.Thanks,

Mum!

where/at

whichFill

in

the

blanks

with

the

correct

relative

pronouns

or

adverbs.

Add

a

preposition

where

necessary.Japanese

uses

three

writing

systems,

including

kanji

that/which

originated

(起源)

in

China.Nineteen

fifty-three

was

the

year

when/in

which

Xinhua

Zidian,

or

theNew

Chinese

Dictionary,

first

came

out.Bones

where/on

which

symbols

were

carved

known

as

“oracle

bones”,have

contributed

a

lot

to

our

understanding

ofChina’s

past.There

are

many

reasons

why

English

is

so

widely

used

around

the

world

in

thefields

of

science,

business,

and

more.Sign

language

is

of

great

importance

for

people

who

are

deaf

or

have

poor

hearingWorkbookComplete

the

passage

with

the

correct

relative

pronounsor

adverbs

below.that

when

where

(in)

which

who

whyThe

UnitedNations(UN)

isanorganisation

that/which

aimsto

promote

internationalcooperation.

It

was

founded

in

1945

and

has

about

190

member

states.

This

is

the

reason

why

the

UN

has

a

huge

number

of

translators

and

interpreters,

since

international

meetings

in

the

UN

are

attended

by

people

who

speak

so

manydifferent

languages.

Translators

are

people

who

usually

work

with

writtenlanguage,

while

interpreters

work

with

spoken

language.

Meetings

where/in

which

only

two

languages

are

used

may

need

only

one

interpreter,

while

larger

eventswhere/in

which

leaders

from

many

countries

gather

may

need

over

70interpreters.Complete

the

passage

with

the

correct

relative

pronounsor

adverbs

below.that

when

where

(in)

which

who

whyThere

are

two

main

ways

that

an

interpreter

can

provide

spoken

translation.

First

is

the

method

which/that

requires

the

speaker

to

stop

every

few

sentences

so

the

interpretercan

translate

those

sentences

for

the

audience.

The

second

method

is

the

one

inwhich/wher_e

the

interpreter

listens

and

translates

at

the

same

time.

This

secondmethod

is

more

difficult,

but

the

place

_where/in

which

the

interpreter

is

located

is

notso

important.

The

interpreter

can

be

in

a

completely

different

location

from

thespeaker,

listen

through

headphones,

and

translate

for

an

audience

sitting

in

anotherlocation!Match

the

sentence

parts

with

the

times,

places,

and

reasons.

Then

make

complete

sentences

with

restrictive

relative

clauses.when/prep+which

A

LuXun

wasbornB

I

have

my

debating

class1.(

A )

1881Eighteen

eighty-one

was

the

year

when

LuXun

was

born.( B

)

SundaySunday

is

the

day

when/on

which

I

have

mydebatingclass. where/prep+whichC

the

oldest

written

European

language

has

been

foundDlanguage

is

processed( D

)

the

leftpart

of

the

brainThe

left

part

of

the

brain

is

the

place

where/in

which

language

isprocessed. ( C

)

modern

TurkeyModern

Turkey

is

the

place

where/in

which

the

oldest

writ

en

European

language

has

been

found.Match

the

sentence

parts

with

the

times,

places,

and

reasons.

Then

make

complete

sentences

with

restrictive

relative

clauses.whyE

some

students

like

to

do

volunteer

workF

people

often

choose

to

learn

a

foreign

language( E )

caring

about

othersThe

reason

whysomestudents

like

to

do

volunteer

work

isbecause

they

care

about

others.

OR:

Caring

about

othersisthe

reason

whysome

students

like

to

do

volunteer

work.

( F )

spending

some

time

abroadAreason

why

people

often

choose

to

learn

a

foreign

language

is

to

spend

some

time

abroad.

OR:

To

spend

some

time

abroad

is

the

reason

why

people

often

choose

to

learn

a

foreign

language.

ProductionWork

in

pairs.

Ask

and

answerthe

questions.A:

Whatkindof

day

makes

you

happy?

B:

It’sa

day

when

…A:

What’syour

favourite

place

at

school?

B:

It’s…,because

it

isaplace

where

…A:

Whatkindof

teachersdoyou

like

bestB:

I

like

teachers

who

…A:

Whodoy