2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题板块4第1讲并列句和状语从句教师用书新人教版

第1讲并列句和状语从句考点1并列连词1．表示并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and,both...and...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,aswellas。LastMarch,myfatherturned90yearsold．Asusual,Iplannedabirthdaypartyforhim,andthispartywasthebiggestandthebest!去年三月，我父亲90岁了。像往常一样，我为他策划了一个生日聚会，这次聚会是最大最好的！Notonlycanabeautifulsmilemakeourselveshappy,butalsoitenablesotherstofeeldelighted．一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。2．表示转折的并列连词：but,yet；表示对比关系的并列连词：while。Idon'tmindhavingalowerrank,butWangLunishardtogetalongwith．我不介意职位低，但王伦很难相处。Iwasneververyneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganised．我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。but不与although/though连用，但yet,still可与although/though连用。3．表示选择关系的并列连词：or,either...or...,not...but...。Theygavemoneytotheoldpeople'shomeeitherpersonallyorthroughtheircompanies．他们要么以个人的名义要么通过他们的公司给养老院捐钱。4．表示因果关系的并列连词：so,for(表示“由于”，一般不放在句首)。Grandpafounditincreasinglydifficulttoread,forhiseyesightwasbeginningtofail．由于爷爷的视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。5．when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：(1)beabouttodosth．when...“正要做某事，这时突然……”。(2)beonthepointofdoingsth．when...“正要做某事，这时突然……”。(3)bedoingsth．when...“正在做某事，这时突然……”。(4)haddonesth．when...“刚做完某事，这时突然……”。IwasdrivingdowntoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad．我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopractiseplayingthepianoyesterday．昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。考点2状语从句一、时间状语从句1．when,while和as引导的时间状语从句when从句的谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as从句的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”Asitgetswarmerandwarmer,thetreesbegintocometolife．随着天气变得越来越暖和，树木开始恢复生机。2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句(1)assoonas,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly表示“一……就……”。Themomentmyauntgainedherdiplomaafterfouryearsofhardwork,shewasfilledwithjoy．我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(2)hardly...when...,scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...表示“刚……就……”，主句常用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。Ihadhardlygottotheofficewhenmywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce．我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。3．before,since引导的时间状语从句(1)before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：①Itwillbe/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……②Itwon'tbe/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit．在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyearsbeforeyougetanotherone．如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：Itis/hasbeen＋一段时间＋since从句(常用一般过去时)。Asisreported,itisover100yearssinceTsinghuaUniversitywasfounded．正如所报道的，清华大学建校一百多年了。4．till/until引导的时间状语从句till/until用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。Wewaitedinsideuntilthingscalmeddown．我们待在室内，直到一切都恢复了平静。Shedidn'tstartthelessonuntilthepupilssettleddown．等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。5．everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,bythetime等引导的时间状语从句Bythetimehearrivedatthestation,thetrainhadleft．当他到达车站时，火车已经开走了。二、让步状语从句1．although,though,as和while引导的让步状语从句(1)though引导的让步状语从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的让步状语从句不倒装；as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装语序。Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow．虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表示转折，置于句末或句中。(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。Whilesomepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess,othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure．尽管有些人被成功的欲望所激励，但另一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。(4)as,though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊情况①如果是名词单数或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。Youngestas/thoughheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishbest．他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但他英语说得最好。②行为动词前置时，从句主语后面要用may,might,can,could,will,would等情态动词，若没有情态动词，则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行为动词是及物动词，则其宾语也随其后一并提前。Searchastheywouldhereandthere,theycouldfindnothingintheroom．尽管到处寻找，但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。2．evenif与eventhough引导的让步状语从句evenif/eventhough引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。Timisingoodshapephysicallyeventhough/evenifhedoesn'tgetmuchexercise．蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。3．“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句where(what,who,whom,when,which,how)＋-ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于nomatterwhere(what,who,whom,when,which,how)。Whateveryousay,hewon'tbelieveyou．无论你说什么，他都不会相信。However/Nomatterhowhardyoutry,itisdifficulttoloseweightwithoutcuttingdowntheamountyoueat．不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。Allpeople,whethertheyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster．所有人，无论老幼、贫富，都一直在尽力帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。三、其他状语从句从句类型连词条件状语从句if,unless(＝if...not),so/aslongas(只要),onconditionthat,incase(万一)，suppose/supposing,provided/providing原因状语从句because,for,as,since,nowthat，consideringthat(考虑到，鉴于)目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,incase(以防)；forfearthat(以免)结果状语从句sothat,so...that...,such...that...地点状语从句where,wherever方式状语从句as(正如，正像),asif/asthough(好像)比较状语从句than,as...as...,notas/so...as...Youwon'tfindpapercuttingdifficultaslongasyoukeeppractisingit．只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。Justasasinglewordcanchangethemeaningofasentence,asinglesentencecanchangethemeaningofaparagraph．正如单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，句子也能改变一段文字的意思。asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，谓语用动词过去式；与过去情况相反时，谓语用“had＋过去分词”；与将来情况相反时，谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。【技巧点拨】1．分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构。(1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词。(2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。2．牢记连词词义并能熟练运用是解答题目的先决条件。3．注意固定句式中的连词。Ⅰ．单句语法填空1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisdesignedtoreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(资产)forfuturegenerations”．2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Hehungonforafewminutesandscreamedforhisfather,buthisfatherdidn'thearhim．3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyourachinglegs．4．(2021·全国甲卷)Mybikewasoldandshakybut/yetdidthejob．5．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobigoruntiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum．Ⅱ．语法填空(2023·青岛模拟)Human-wildlifeconflict,referringtodirectinteractionsbetweenhumansandwildlifewithnegativeoutcomes,1．costs(cost)theglobaleconomybillionsofdollarsannually．Tomakemattersworse,itthreatshumanlivesandcausesmanyspecies2．todie(die)out．Theseconflicts3．largely(large)resultfromhumansandwildlifeseekinglimitedresourcesinthesamelandscapes4．andoftenhavemanyunexpectedconsequences．Seriousclimateeventscanalsobringaboutrapidchangesinresourceavailability,5．whichmaydrivestrongresponsesinanimalsandpeople．The6．competition(compete)betweenthetwogrowstougherasaconsequence．Droughtsinparticularhavecausedsomeofthemostvisibleconflicts．Despitethegravityoftheseconflicts,climatechangeismakinghuman-wildlifeconflictevenmoreserious．7．Becausepeopleandwildlifesharecrowdedspacesand8．limited(limit)resources,human-wildlifeconflictisrisinginfrequency．Manypeople,however,stillhaven'treallyrealised9．howcomplexandseveretheproblemis．Therefore,toprotectwildlifeandhumansalike,itisvitalthatawiderangeofresearchandinstitutionsshouldconsidertheroleofachangingclimatein10．shaping(shape)thecomplexdynamicsofconflict．Ⅲ．写作运用根据汉语提示补全下面写作，注意连词的运用。DearEric，IamLiHua．I'mwritingtoinformyouthatmyschoo