2024届陕西省渭南市尚德中学高三一诊考试英语试卷含解析

2024届陕西省渭南市尚德中学高三一诊考试英语试卷注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（B）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码粘贴在答题卡右上角"条形码粘贴处"。2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试题卷上。3．非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4．考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Addingtotheirhappiness,hesays,______somesimilaritiesbetweenthetwotestpapers.A．is B．are C．has D．have2．Peoplecrowdinto________cherrytreesareblooming,appreciatingthefreshspringsight.A．what B．whenC．which D．where3．AninternationalteamofastronomersannouncedWednesdaythatthey________thefirst-everimageofablackhole.A．havecaptured B．werecapturingC．hadcaptured D．wouldcapture4．Thestyleofthecampusisquitedifferentfrom______ofmostChineseuniversitieswherevisitorswereamazedbythecomplexarchitecturalspaceandabundantbuildingtypes.A．that B．one C．theone D．those5．I’mtiredout．Istayedupthewholenight,______formymidtermmathexam．A．studying B．tostudy C．tobestudying D．studied6．Wearrangedtomeetatthecinemaat7:30,butJackfailedto______.A．breakupB．setupC．turnupD．giveup7．I______haveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.A．mightn’t B．mustn’tC．needn’t D．couldn’t8．Mary_______towritingclasseseverynightsinceJuneandthecoursewillendthisweek.A．hadgoneB．hasbeengoingC．isgoingD．went9．youstarteatinginahealthierway,weightcontrolwillbecomemucheasier.A．Unless B．AlthoughC．Before D．Once10．Afterclass,theteachercouldn’tleave,bythestudents.A．surrounded B．tosurroundC．wassurrounded D．surrounding11．Thatwasnotthefirsttimehe____us.Ithinkit'shightimewe____strongactionsagainsthim.A．betrayed,take B．hadbetrayed,tookC．hasbetrayed,took D．hasbetrayed,take12．—CouldyoucheckmylisttoseeIhaveforgottenanything?—Noproblem.A．whetherB．whichC．thatD．what13．IfIcanhelp,Idon’tlikeworkinglateintothenight.A．so B．that C．them D．it14．Guangdongprovincerolledoutnewguidelines,_____offensivenicknamesandonlineviolenceasschoolbullying.A．defining B．definedC．todefine D．havingdefined15．Withthenumberofhomecomingoverseasstudents________upinrecentyears,theattractionofforeigndegreeholdershasgraduallyfaded.A．shot B．beingshotC．shooting D．toshoot16．Thankstothespecialchemical________ofthesoilinthemountainousarea,thiseconomicplantgrowswellthere.A．compositionB．competenceC．constructionD．conclusion17．Marybecame______homesickandcriticaloftheUnitedStates,soshefledfromherhomeinWestBloomfieldtoherhometowninAustria.A．completelyB．sincerelyC．approximatelyD．increasingly18．Internetshoppingisreally________whenpeoplearesureofitssafetyandsecurity.A．takingoff B．takingupC．settingoff D．settingup19．—Alicehasjustlostherhusbandtoheartfailure.—Her______smilecan’thidehersorrow.A．arbitrary B．artificialC．compulsory D．conventional20．Haveyougotthesejeansin________largersize?Thispairisabittoosmallaround________waist.A．a;the B．/;theC．the;/ D．a;a第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）Thesehotelsdon’thaveallthenecessaryfacilitiesbuteachofthemofferssomethingdifferent.Don’tmissthemifyoutraveltoCanada.SleeponatrainattheTrainStationInn.ThishotelisinanoldtrainstationinNovaScotia.Theowners,JamesandShelleyLeFresne,usethestationandthetrainasrooms.Therearesevenoldcarsandthereisalsoarestaurantinthediningcar,PricesarefromS89to$169perroomortraincar.SleepinajailintheCanadiancapital,Ottawa.Here,youcansleepintheolddowntownOttawaJailHostel.Therearegrouporprivatebedrooms.Therearestillbarsonthedoors!Pricesarefrom$25to$65.Don’tworry,therearen’tanycriminalsthere!Sleepinatepee(atentoftheAmericanIndians)ataUNESCOWorldHeritagesiteinAlberta.Atthishotel,thereareguidedtoursandlessonsinlocalculture.Thebestpart:sleepinginarealtepeeoutside.Thepriceisaround$300,or$620forafullpackage.SleepinalighthouseattheQuirponLighthouseInn.ThishotelisonNewfoundland’sQuirponIsland.Therearegreatviewsoftheoceanfromthewindows.Thereare11privateroomsintotal.Pricesarefrom$225forasingleto$31forasuite.Mealsareincludedintherestaurant.Thehotelhasthetraditionallookandfeelofthelighthouse,sothereisnoInternet,TVortelephonesintherooms.Therearetoursavailable,andboattourstotheislandareincluded.1、WhatcanyoudoifyouchoosetheTrainStationInn?A．Shopintheoldtraincars.B．Learnhowtodrivethetrain.C．Havemealsinthediningcar.D．EnjoyarailtourofNovaScotia.2、InwhatwayisstayinginatepeeinAlbertaspecial?A．Itserveslocalfoodtodiners.B．Youcansleepintheopenair.C．YoucantourAlbertaforfree.D．Itofferslessonsonmakingtepees.3、WhichisunavailableattheQuirponLighthouseInn?A．Privaterooms.B．Guidedtours.C．Dailymeals.D．TheInternet.4、You’llpaytheleastifyouchoosetosleep_A．intheOttawaJailHostelB．attheTrainStationInnC．inatepeeinAlbertaD．attheQuirponLighthouseInn22．（8分）Ifyouthoughtpilotsdimmed（调暗）thelightsbeforetakeofftogiveyousomeshuteye,thinkagain.Believeitornot,thedimlightingcouldactuallyhelpsaveyourlifeincaseofaplaneemergency.Thedimmedlightsbeforetakingofftherunwayandlandingareaflightprecautionusedtohelppassengers’eyesadjustquickerduringanemergencyescape.“Goingfromabrightlylitenvironmenttoonethat’scompletelydarkwouldrequiresometimeforoureyestofocusandseetheescapeslide,”AliceTheriault,servicedirectorforAirCanadawroteinapressstatement.“Sinceweneedtohaveallthesecondsonoursideintheeventofanemergency,dimmingthelightsisoneofmanystepswetaketoensurethesafetyofourcustomers.”Thephenomenonthatyoureyesseethosestrangespeckles(小斑点)asyoursightadjuststoadarkplaceafterbeinginalightplaceiscalleddarkadaptation.Itnormallytakesoureyesabout20to30minutestoseebestinadarkroom.Thebrighterthelights,thelongerittakesforoureyestoadjust,whichiswhydimmingtheplanelightscouldshortenyour“darkadaptation”timesinceyouhaven’tbeensittingunderfluorescentbulbs(荧光灯)allflight.Notonlydoesdimminglightsaddvaluabletimetotheescapeprocess,itreducesthetensiononyoureyesifyouneedtolookoutside,orseetheemergencylightingalongthepassage.“Ithelpskeepyouintherightdirection.”PatrickSmith,anairlinepilotandauthorofCockpitConfidentialtoldTheTelegraph.“Italsomakesiteasierforflightattendantstoassessanyoutsiderisks,suchasfireordebris,thatmightaffectanescape.”Sonexttimeapilotdimsthelights,justknowit’sforyoursafety,eventhoughitcreatesagentleatmosphereforyourtakeoffintothesky.1、Thelightsareturneddownbeforetakeofftohelppassengers_______.A．takeashortbreakB．escapeintimeofemergencyC．createawarmatmosphereD．adapttheireyestothebrightenvironment2、Whatisoneoftherolesofshortening“darkadaptation”time?A．Slowingdownthelanding.B．Adjustingtheplanelights.C．Keepingpassengerscalm.D．Helpingthecrewjudgeoutsiderisks.3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Dimminglights.B．Theescapeprocess.C．Reducingtension.D．Thepassage.4、Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Atipofairtravel.B．Anemergencyeventonaplane.C．Awarningmessageonaplane.D．Anexplanationofanairlinesafetymeasure.23．（8分）DuringthetwoandahalfyearssinceIsettleddowninGermany,I’vecaughtacoldseveraltimesandgottentoexperiencehowdifferentGermancoldremedies(疗法）arefromtheChineseones.BackinTaiwan,wheneverIhadastreamingnoseandadrythroat,I’drushtothehospitaltogetprescribedmedicine.Forafever,Iwouldreceivearedpill,whichInowknowisatypeofantibiotic(抗生素).AnotherthingIknownowisthatthecriminalbehindmycoldisavirus.ThedrugsIusedonlyrelievedthesymptoms.WhenIwenttoaGermanhospitalintendingtogetsomemedicinetotreatmycold,Igotnothingmorethanapatonmyshoulderandwordsfromthedoctor,saying

thatIshouldgetsomereallygoodrest.Thefirsttimethishappened,Iwasshocked.IwonderedhowIcouldputupwithmysicknesswithoutthehelpofmedicine.ButthelongerIstayedinGermany,thebetterIknewhowtoself-medicateasotherGermansdo.IlearnedtotakevitaminCtobuildupmyresistance.ButwhatIlikethemostisdrinking“Erkaltungstee”.ForGermanpeople,Erkaltungsteeiswhattheirgrandmothergivesthemwhentheycatchacold.It’sateabagmainlymadeoflimeflowerandorangerind.AnotherpopularcoldremedyinGermanyischickensoup.DuringmyfirstwinterinGermany,Igotareallybadcold.Myneighborbroughtmeabowlofchickensouptomakemefeelbetter.Itcontainedalotofginger,onion,garlic,carrotsandcelery.Germansbelievetheseingredientsareperfectforhelpingyourbodyrecover.1、HowdidtheauthorfeelafterseeingtheGermandoctor?A．Relieved. B．Surprised.C．Satisfied. D．Stressed.2、Accordingtotheauthor,whateffectdoantibioticshaveonhiscold?A．Theycurehiscold. B．Theypreventthedisease.C．Theykillthevirusinhim. D．Theymakehimfeelbetter.3、WhatdoGermansthinkof“Erkaltungstee”?A．Itcanreplaceanycoldremedy. B．Itcanbuildupone’sresistance.C．It’sagoodwaytoself-medicate. D．It’sbetterthanchickensoup.4、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Germanstendnottouseantibioticstotreatcold.B．TheauthoroftencatchesacoldinTaiwan.C．Theauthorseldomdrinkschickensoup.D．Germandoctorsarecoldtopatients.24．（8分）Sciencetextbooksaroundtheworldhavebecomesuddenlyoutofdate.Fournewchemicalelements(元素)havebeenaddedtotheperiodictable.Abigdecisionnowliesahead-elements113,115,117and118needtobegiventheirofficialnamesandsymbols.Newelementscanbenamedafteramythical(神话的)concept,amineral,aplaceorcountry,aproperty(性质)orascientist.Thenameshavetobeuniqueandmaintain＂historicalandchemicalconsistency＂.Thismeansalotof＂-iums＂.＂They’reLatinisingthename,＂explainschemistAndreaSella.＂Themostrecenttraditionistonamethemafterplacesorpeople.＂Theplaceschosentendtobewheretheelementwasdiscoveredorfirstproduced.Noonehasyetnamedanelementafterthemselvesbutmanyelementsarenamedinhonourofimportantscientists.AlbertEinsteinwasgiveneinsteinium.Thiscanalsobeawayofrightingthewrongsofthepast.＂LiseMeitnerwasreallythechemistwhospottednuclearfission(核裂变)butshewasneverreallyrecognisedforitbecauseshewasJewishandawoman,＂saysSella.＂Givinganelementanamethatremindsusofherisgreatlyimportant.＂Thenamingprocessisn’tquick.Thescientistswhodiscoveredthemwillstartthingsoffbysuggestinganame.ButitwillbedowntotheInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry(IUPAC)toapproveit.AspecialdivisionoftheUS-basedgrouphastoacceptthesuggestion.ThenthereisapublicreviewperiodoffivemonthsbeforetheIUPACgetsthefinalapproval.Onceit’sready,thenameisannouncedinthescientificjournalPureandAppliedChemistry.Naminganelementisnotjustaboutfunctionality.Namesarealwaysimportant.1、WhatisthefunctionofParagraph1?A．Tointroducethetopic.B．Topresentafinding.C．Topointoutaproblem.D．Tocallforadecision,2、WhywasLiseMeitnermentionedinthenamingprocessinParagraph4?A．Topraiseher.B．Tobuildherreputation.C．Tocorrectthewrongsofthepast.D．Toendracialdiscrimination3、Whohasthefinalsayinthenamingprocessofanelement?A．Thescientistwhodiscoveredthem.B．ThespecialdivisionofUS-basedgroup.C．ThescientificjournalPureandAppliedChemistry,D．TheInternationalUnionofPureandAppliedChemistry.4、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Howelementsgettheirnames.B．Whysciencetextbooksareoutofdate.C．Hownewelementsarediscovered.D．Howfunctionalnaminganelementis.25．（10分）Forseveralmonths,CarahasbeenworkingupthecouragetoapproachhermomaboutwhatshesawonInstagram.Notlongago,the11-year-oldgirl,likealltheotherkidsinthisstory,discoveredthathermomhadbeenpostingherphotosformuchofherlife.“I’vewantedtobringitup.It’sstrangetoseemyselfupthere，andsometimestherearepicturesIdon’tlikeofmyself，”shesaid.Likemostothermodemkids,Caragrewupimmersedinsocialmedia.Whilemanykidsmaynotyethaveaccountsthemselves,theirparents,schools,sportsteams,andorganizationshavebeenorganizinganonlinepresenceforthemsincebirth.Theshockofrealizingthatdetailsaboutyourlifehavebeensharedonlinewithoutyourpermissionorknowledgehasbecomeanimportantexperienceinthelivesofmanyteenagers.Recentlyaparentingblogger(博主)wroteinaWashingtonPostessaythatdespite(不顾)her14-year-olddaughter’shorroratdiscoveringthathermotherhadsharedyearsofhighlypersonalstoriesandinformationaboutheronline,shesimplycouldnotstoppostingonherblogandsocialmedia.ThewritersaidthatpromisingherdaughterthatshewouldstoppostingaboutherpubliclyontheInternet“wouldmeanshuttingdownavitalpartofmyself,whichisn’tnecessarilygoodformeorher.”averageparentsdothesame.There’sevenaspecialwordforit:sharenting.AlmostaquarterofchildrenbegintheirdigitalliveswhenparentsuploadtheirphotostotheInternet,accordingtoastudyconductedbytheInternet-securityfirmAVG.Thestudyalsofoundthat92percentofkidsundertheageof2alreadyhavetheirownuniquedigitalidentity.1、HowdoesCarafeelabouthermom’sbehavior?A．It’saggressive. B．It’sappropriate.C．It’sannoying. D．It’sfavorable.2、Whydidtheparentingbloggerpostaboutherdaughteronline?A．Becauseitfilledupherblog. B．Becauseitshowedoffhersuccess.C．Becauseitrecordedherstories. D．Becauseitmeantalottoher.3、Whoarefondofsharenting?A．Aquarterofstudents B．Mostordinaryparents.C．Kidsundertheageof2. D．Somecrazybloggers.4、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Children’sNewTrouble B．SocialMediaC．Kids’OnlinePeformance D．MommyBloggers第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Iwasatthepostofficeearlythatmorning,hopingtobeinandoutinashortwhile.Yet,I1myselfstandinginaqueuethatwentallthewayintothehallway.Ihadneverseensomanypeoplethereonaweekday.Itseemedsomeonemighthavemadeanannouncement,2customerstocarryasmanypackagesastheycould.Ialsoneededtohavemyownpackage3Thequeuemovedveryslowly.Mypatience4andIgotannoyed.Thelongerittook,theangrierIbecame.WhenIgottothecounterfinally,Ifinishedmy5quicklyandbriefly,andthenwalkedpastthequeuethatwasnowextendingpastthefrontdoor.“Excuseme,”Isaid,tryingnottobetoopushy.Severalpeoplehadtomove6tomakeroomformetogettothe7.Isteppedout,8abouttheserviceconditions.ThinkingIwasgoingtobelateformydentistappointment,I9intotheparkinglot.Awomanwascomingacrossthelotinmy10Shewaswalkingwithdetermination,andeachstepsoundedvery11Inoticedthatshelookedasifshecouldbreathefire.Itstoppedmeinmytracks.HadIlookedlikethat?Herbodylanguagesaidthatshewashavinga12day.Myangermeltedaway.IwishedIcouldwrapherina13butIwasastranger.SoIdidwhatIcouldinaminute14shehurriedpastme－Ismiled.Inasecondeverythingchanged.Shewasastonished,thensomewhat15Thenherfacesoftenedandhershoulders16Isawhertakeadeepbreath.Herpaceslowedandshesmiledbackatmeaswepassedeachother.Icontinuedtosmileallthewaytomycar.Wow,it’samazing17asimplesmilecando.Fromthenon,Ibecameawareofpeople’s18andmyown,thewayweshowourfeelings.NowIusethat19everydaytoletit20methatwhenfacingtheworld,Icantryasmile.1、A．found B．disliked C．kept D．avoided2、A．hoping B．welcoming C．requiring D．ordering3、A．paid B．received C．weighed D．bought4、A．diedout B．fadedout C．burstout D．ranout5、A．business B．duty C．turn D．part6、A．on B．about C．in D．aside7、A．counter B．office C．exit D．car8、A．talking B．complaining C．worrying D．hearing9、A．headed B．looked C．pulled D．turned10、A．way B．time C．direction D．course11、A．slow B．stable C．light D．heavy12、A．rough B．dull C．smooth D．bright13、A．smile B．hug C．bag D．touch14、A．until B．though C．before D．since15、A．excited B．frightened C．cheered D．confused16、A．trembled B．raised C．relaxed D．tightened17、A．what B．that C．how D．when18、A．appearances B．reactions C．behaviors D．expressions19、A．treatment B．awareness C．conclusion D．achievement20、A．remind B．warn C．convince D．tell第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）IcanwellrememberthatIwasonceaskedtodeliveraspeechtitled“ARealTestinMyLife”beforethewholeclassattheageof9!Youcanimaginehow1．(terrible)shyIwaswithsomanyeyesfixedonme.Ihadnochoicebut2．(prepare)forit,though.Firstofall,Iwastodraftthespeech,3．wasjustapieceofcakeforme,agoodwriter.Butthehardestpart4．(lie)inmyoralpresentationfrommymemory—fortoreadfromthepaper5．(forbid).TherealmomentbeganwhenIstoodontheplatformwithmylegs6．(tremble)andmymindblank.Butmylistenerswerewaitingpatientlywithoutanysignsofrushingme.GraduallyIfound7．(I)back,deliveringmyspeechwithoutdifficulty.After8．seemedtobeahundredyears,Ifoundmyaudienceapplauding—Imadeit!Fromthenon,myfearoftalkingbeforetheaudiencedisappeared.Actuallywithmy9．(confident)builtup,Inowturnouttobeagreatspeaker.Lookingback,Iknowthe10．(great)difficultyonourwaytosuccessisourfear.Overcomeitandwewillbeabletoachieveourgoals.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。修改：在错的词下面一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Lastyear,IwenttoAustraliaorashort-termstudylikeaninternationalstudent、OneofmyclassmatessuggestedwesharedourfavoriterecipesforfoodsfromourowncountriesduringNewYear’sparty、Weallagreedtothiswonderfulideacookedmyuniquedishesfortheparty、HariyatifromIndonesiasharedakindofcookiewhatwasshapedlikeelephantears、SusanfromSouthAfricapreparedsomesweetdumplingspackedinseveralbananaleaf、ChiemifromJapancookedspecialriceballsmixingwithfish、AndIwasservedDaoxiaonoodles,myhometown—Shanxi’sloca