专题04 阅读理解之猜测词义题（练习）（解析版）-2024年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）

【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】专题04阅读理解之猜测词义题目录TOC\o"1-1"\p""\h\z\u猜测词义1一、（最新模拟）阅读理解之猜测词义猜测单词的意思2二、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之猜测词义猜测短语意思6三、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之猜测词义猜测代词词义12四、（最新模拟题）阅读理解之猜测词义猜测句子意思16五、高考真题1904阅读理解之猜测词义最新模拟演练一、阅读理解之猜测词义单词的意思1.（2024·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三上学期11月联考）Theconceptofbypassinggroundtransportationbyairisn’tnew.HelicoptertaxiservicealreadyexistsincitieslikeNewYork,whereaflightcansometimesbecomparabletoorcheaperthanthecostofaride-sharefromanairportintoManhattan.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“bypass”inparagraph5mean?A．Avoid. B．Conduct. C．Restrict. D．Control.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。由文章第五段“Theconceptofbypassinggroundtransportationbyairisn’tnew.HelicoptertaxiservicealreadyexistsincitieslikeNewYork,whereaflightcansometimesbecomparabletoorcheaperthanthecostofaride-sharefromanairportintoManhattan.(通过空运地面运输的概念并不新鲜。直升机出租车服务已经在纽约等城市存在，在那里，航班有时可以与从机场到曼哈顿的拼车费用相当或便宜。)”可以推测，bypassing应该表示“绕过，避免”的意思。故选A项。2.（2024·浙江省强基联盟高三上学期12月联考）Spermwhaleshavecomplexsocialgroups.Whenafamiliaryoungmalerejoinedhisfamily,researchersseizedthechancetorecordtheirsounds.Fortwodecades,scientistsdocumentedtwospermwhalegroups,capturingtheirclickingsounds.Aftermanuallydecodingsomesounds,theyturnedtoAIforfastertranslation.Usinganeural(神经的)network,theteamtrainedittodiscernindividualwhalesfromasubsetofsounds.Next,theirambitiousgoalistotrainacomputertospeakwhale.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discern”inparagraph3mean?A．Train. B．Recognize. C．Record. D．Protect.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Spermwhaleshavecomplexsocialgroups....Fortwodecades,scientistsdocumentedtwospermwhalegroups,capturingtheirclickingsounds.Aftermanuallydecodingsomesounds,theyturnedtoAIforfastertranslation....individualwhalesfromasubsetofsounds.Next,theirambitiousgoalistotrainacomputertospeakwhale.(抹香鲸有复杂的社会群体。……二十年来，科学家们记录了两个抹香鲸群，捕捉到它们的咔哒声。在手动解码一些声音后，他们转向人工智能来加快翻译速度。……从声音子集中（）单个鲸鱼。接下来，他们雄心勃勃的目标是训练一台计算机说鲸鱼语。)”可知，该团队利用AI来将个体抹香鲸(的声音)与一个子集的声音分辨开来，由此可知，discern意为“识别”，与B项“Recognize”意思接近。故选B项。3.（2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三上学期12月月考）Aftertheplanelanded,Iimmediatelyreadthecritiquemyself,whichwasharshandthorough,pointingoutseveralfundamentalflawsinourmethodsandinthebasicdata.Thefalloutwasswiftandintense.Ireceivedafloodofemailsandmessages.Somewerefromsupportivecolleagues,butmanywereharshlycriticalofmywork.Iwasdepressed,wonderingwhatthiswouldmeanformycareer.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fallout”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Consequence. B．Conflict. C．Solution. D．Shame.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段“Ireceivedafloodofemailsandmessages.(我收到了大量的电子邮件和信息。)”可知，作者下飞机后收到了大量的电子邮件和信息，由此可推测出，这篇文章被指出错误所带来的后果非常迅速而强烈。fallout意为“后果”与A项：Consequence(结果，后果)意思最接近。故选A。4.（2024·湖南省湘东九校第一次联考试题一模）ExpertsintheLjubljanaManifestorecordthedemeritsofdigitalreading:“Recentstudiesofvariouskindsindicateadeclineofcriticalandconsciousreading,slowreading,non-strategicreadingandlong-formreading.”Whenyoureadabookonpaper,youcanbeentirelyinsidetheexperience,absorbhundredsofpagesofdetailsthoroughlyandbegintocapturetheworld’scomplexity.Online,saysMaryanneWolfofUCLA,weare“skimming,scanning,scrolling”.Themediumisthemessage:doingdeepreadingonyourphoneisashardasplayingtenniswithyourphone.Recently,abright11-year-oldtoldmeIwaswastingtimeonbooks:heabsorbedmoreinformationfasterfromWikipedia.Hehadapoint.Butdigitalreadersalsoabsorbmoremisinformationandseldomabsorbfineperspectives.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“demerits”inparagraph3mean?A．Effects. B．Depths. C．Features. D．Drawbacks.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“ExpertsintheLjubljanaManifestorecordthedemeritsofdigitalreading:“Recentstudiesofvariouskindsindicateadeclineofcriticalandconsciousreading,slowreading,non-strategicreadingandlong-formreading.”(《卢布尔雅那宣言》的专家们记录了数字阅读的demerits：“最近各种各样的研究表明，批判性阅读、有意识阅读、慢读、非战略性阅读和长篇阅读的数量正在下降。”)”中“adeclineofcriticalandconsciousreading,slowreading,non-strategicreadingandlong-formreading”可知，这些都是数字阅读盛行带来的问题和弊端，所以划线词demerits与drawbacks同义，意为“缺点，弊端”。故选D项。5.（2024·广西壮族自治区广西贵港市、百色市、河池市高三上学期三模联考）Idon’tonlyavoid(避免)those“ifonly”momentswhenitcomestosafety.it’sequallyimportanttoavoid“ifonly”inourpersonalrelationships.Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedoneandregrettedthattheyhadforegoneanopportunitytosay,“Iloveyou”or“Iforgiveyou.”WhenmyfatherannouncedhewasgoingtotheeyedoctoracrossfrommyofficeonGoodFriday,ItoldhimthatitwasaholidayformycompanyandIwouldn’tbehere.ButthenIthoughtaboutthefactthathe’s84yearsoldandIrealizedthatIshouldn’tgiveupanopportunitytoseehim.IcalledhimandtoldhimIhaddecidedtogotoworkonmydayoffafterall.6．Whichword(s)canbestreplacetheunderlinedword“foregone”inParagraph3?A．givenup. B．Lacked. C．Avoided. D．Wasted.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。划线词所在句的and前后连接语意相似成分，由其前“Weallknowpeoplewholostalovedone(我们都知道，有些人失去了所爱的人)”可推知此处是指“后悔放弃（失去）了一个机会”，即：他们失去了心爱的人，后悔失去了说“我爱你”或“我原谅你”的机会，foregone意为“放弃”。故选A。6.（2024·河北省保定市保定部分高中高三上学期12月期中）Whiletheinstructorcontrolledthesessions,therobot,triggeredbytheinstructor,tookoveratcertaintimestoleadthestudents.Besidesintroducingthesession,therobotsetgoalsandprovidedself-regulatingstrategies,ifnecessary.Ifthelearningprocesswasgettingoff-track,therobotusedstrategiessuchasgames,riddles,jokes,breathingexercisesandphysicalmovementstoredirectthestudentsbacktothetask.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedpart“triggered”inparagraph5?A．pickedup B．setoff C．takenout D．broughtin【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“Whiletheinstructorcontrolledthesessions(当教练控制课程时)”和“bytheinstructor(由教练)”可知，此处是指由教练触发的机器人。所以triggered意为“被触发的”。故选B。7.（2024•江苏省南京市六校高三上学期11月期中联合调研）Their14-year-oldson,Mike,isaprodigy.HeisamemberofMensa,whichistheworld’stopIQclub.Hecompletedhishighschool,associate’sandbachelor’sdegreesallinthreeyears.That’snotall.Healsorantwotechcompanies,foundedathirdonethatworkstowardscontrollingthepopulationoflionfish,aninvasive(入侵的)species.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“aprodigy”inparagraph2referto?A．Agiftedperson. B．Afamousstudent.C．Abrilliantbiologist. D．Asuccessfulbusinessman.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“HeisamemberofMensa,whichistheworld’stopIQclub.Hecompletedhishighschool,associate’sandbachelor’sdegreesallinthreeyears.(他是全球顶尖的智商俱乐部门萨的成员。他在三年内完成了高中、副学士和学士学位)”可知，Mike的智商非常高，学习能力非常强，能迅速完成学业。由此可知，他应该是一个天才，aprodigy意思应该是“极具天赋的人”。故选A项。8.（2024•江西省高一上学期11月期中）TheGermanchancelloralsoexpressedconfidenceinhiscountry’sstrengths.“ThereisnoquestionabouttheinternationalcompetitivenessofGermanyasacarcountry,”hesaid,addingthat“Germanyisstillthelinchpinoftheautoindustryandwillremainso.”Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthesixthparagraphmean?A．seriousproblem B．noticeableweakness C．angryconsumer D．keyrole【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“ThereisnoquestionabouttheinternationalcompetitivenessofGermanyasacarcountry(德国作为一个汽车国家的国际竞争力是毫无疑问的)”可知，肖尔茨对德国汽车业的竞争力有信心，推知下文的linchpin是“关键”之意和D项意思相近。故选D项。9.（2024•四川省雅安市联考高三上学期12月联考）“Ourresearchshowsasignificantlinkbetweenairpollutionanddiabetesglobally,”saidZiyadAl-Aly,MD,thestudy’sseniorauthorandanassistantprofessorofmedicineattheUniversityofWashington.“Wefoundanincreasedrisk,evenatlowlevelsofairpollutioncurrentlyconsideredsafebytheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)andtheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO).Thisisimportantbecausemanyindustrylobbying(游说)groupsarguethatcurrentlevelsaretoostringentandshouldberelaxed.Evidenceshowsthatcurrentlevelsarestillnotsufficientlysafeandneedtobetightened.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stringent”inparagraph3mean?A．Strict. B．Slight.C．Bright. D．Ordinary.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。分析可知，“and”表示前后的顺承关系，根据后文内容“shouldberelaxed(应该放松)”可知，许多行业游说团体认为目前的标准需要放松，由此可推知，前文“manyindustrylobbyinggroupsarguethatcurrentlevelsaretoostringent”应是表达“他们认为行业标准过于严格”。因此推知，画线单词“stringent”应是“严格的，严厉的”，与选项A“strict(严格的，严厉的)”表达含义一致。故选A项。10.（2024•黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三上学期11月月考）TheissuehasresultedintheFrenchgovernmentexpressingtheirattitude,andAppleisnottheonlymanufacturerunderscrutiny.OtherbrandssuchasSamsungandMotorolaallhavemodelswhichexceedthenationallimit.Infact,over50phonemodelsacrossthemajortechcompanysphereareincludedinthelistbyFrenchtechnologywatchdogs,withflagshipproductssuchastheSamsungGalaxyNote10andMotorolaEdgeallunderscrutiny.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“scrutiny”inparagraph6?A．Examination. B．Development. C．Instruction. D．Budget.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Appleisnottheonlymanufacturerunder”以及后文“OtherbrandssuchasSamsungandMotorolaallhavemodelswhichexceedthenationallimit.(三星和摩托罗拉等其他品牌都有超过国家限制的型号)”可知，苹果并不是唯一受到审查的制造商，三星和摩托罗拉等其他品牌都有超过国家限制的型号。故划线词意思是“审查”。故选A。二、阅读理解之猜测词义猜测短语意思1.（2024•江西省部分地区高三上学期11月期中）Ifyouwanttoloseweight,thekeyistodevelopacaloricdeficitinwhichyouburncaloriesmorethanwhatyou’reconsuming.Buteatinghighcaloriefattyfoodregularlycanmakethisahardnut.“Youareoverconsumingcaloriesandwillhavetodomoreexercisethanapersoncansustainonalong-termbasis,”Carrikersaid.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“hardnut”underlinedinparagraph3?A．Disorder. B．Target. C．Trend. D．Challenge.【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。根据“Ifyouwanttoloseweight,thekeyistodevelopacaloricdeficitinwhichyouburncaloriesmorethanwhatyou’reconsuming.(如果你想减肥，关键是要养成热量不足的习惯，在这种情况下，你燃烧的卡路里要多于你摄入的卡路里)”以及划线处前“Buteatinghighcaloriefattyfoodregularlycanmakethisa(但是经常吃高热量、高脂肪的食物会使这种情况发生)”but表示转折，可知，经常吃高热量高脂肪的食物会让减肥变得很困难。划线处和D项：Challenge(挑战)含义相近。故选D。2.（2024•湖北省武昌实验中学高三上学期12月月考）AnnaSteeddoesn’tlookmucholderthanherstudents,butsheisapractitionerofbehavioralandmotivationalscience,ashouldertocryon,andthehighschooldebatecoach.Herclass,whichbeganasanelectiveclasstogivestudentsexposuretoskillsthatpreparethemforcollege,hasbecometheclassoncampusthatcreateswinners.Speechanddebatetesttheteenagecharacterperhapsmorethananyotheractivity.Theshyandtheunsureoftenhavenodesiretolookupfromtheirscreensandengageintheoldesthumaninteraction:persuasiveoralarguments.It’sdreadfulterritoryfortheaverageteenager.Research,writing,deliveringaspeechinfrontofyourpeers--itallsoundslikethekindofclassstudentswouldbemostlikelytoskip.ButAnnadrawsthemin.Classroom161isalwaysfull.Anna’sdebateteamshaveacasefullofmedals;mostimportantly,theyhavegoneontobecomeleadersoftheircommunitiesandexamplestotheirfamilies.“Thisactivityhaschangedmylife.JustbuildingconnectionswithpeopleInever,everimaginedbuildingconnectionswith,”relatesAlexanderHernandezGonzalez.Alexandersufferedfromsocialanxietythroughouthischildhood.Thenhediscovereddebateasafreshman,anditchangedhislife.Whatdrivesyoungpeopletostandupandpassionatelydeliveraspeechinfrontofacrowdfullofstrangers,apanelofjudgesandopposingteamsfrommoreprivilegedhighschools?Thepersonwhowillalwayshavetheirback:AnnaSteed.“Iwantthemtojusthavethememoryofmakingitthrough,succeedinginaplacelikethatandexpressingastorythatleavesthatplacebetter,”Annasays.Thatbetterplacebeginsinroom161whenunsureandnervousstudentsenterforthefirsttime.Aftersetbacksandadjustments,alotofhugs,encouragement,andhoursoflate-nightstudyandpractice,theyrolloutafewyearslaterwiththeirshouldersbackandafulltankofconfidence,readytotakeonthenextstageoflife.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“thatplace”inparagraph6referto?A．Anna’sclass. B．TheprivilegedclassroomC．Unfamiliarterritory. D．Thenextstageoflife.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Herclass,whichbeganasanelectiveclasstogivestudentsexposuretoskillsthatpreparethemforcollege,hasbecometheclassoncampusthatcreateswinners.(她的课最初是一门选修课，旨在让学生接触到为上大学做准备的技能，现在已经成为校园里培养赢家的课程。)”和最后一段“‘Iwantthemtojusthavethememoryofmakingitthrough,succeedinginaplacelikethatandexpressingastorythatleavesthatplacebetter’Annasays.(安娜说：“我希望他们能记住在这样的地方自己度过难关，取得成功，并表达一个让那个地方变得更好的故事的记忆。)”由此可推断划线词thatplace指的是Anna上辩论课的地方，Anne的课堂，故选A。3.（2024•上海市松江区高三上学期期末质量监控）Everysummer,asachild,Ispentwithmyparentstheannualfamilyholiday,flyingawayfromourhomeintheWestMidlandstotheirbirthplaceinIreland.Ienjoyedit,butonce,Ibehaveddifferentlyandlefthome.Packagetoursandlong-distanceflightsbecamemyideaofaholiday.IthenwentandranintoanEnglishmanwhoalsocameofIrishstock,andwebothfelttheurgetorenewourknowledgeofIreland.Itwasimportantforustodiscoversomethingdifferentfromourchildhoodvisits.Sothat’showwecametodrivealongthewindingStJohn’sPointPeninsula(半岛)inDonegal,partofIreland’sWildAtlanticWay,tovisitauniquepartofthe20th-centuryhistory—theDonegalCorridor.Whenanyonedrivestothepointwherethelandrunsout,heseesgiantwhitestonesfixedfirmlyingreengrassspellingout“EIRE”and“70”,whiletheAtlanticwindfiercelyblowsacrosstheheadlandandtheice-whitewavessmashintotherocksbelow.Themeaningbehindthestones?TheydatebacktotheSecondWorldWarwhenStJohn’sPointwasnumber70inatotalof83LookOutPoints(LOPs),observationstationssetupandmaintainedbyIrelandallarounditscoast.ThereliesabitofcuriousUK-Irelandhistory.AlthoughIrelandwasofficiallyneutralduringthewar,theBattleoftheAtlanticwasbeingfoughtclosetoIrishshores,andtheseLOPs,staffedbylocalvolunteersknownasCoastwatchers,passedoninformationonactivitiesconnectedwiththeseaandweatherfrontstoLondon.AtStJohn’sPoint,wewerestandingrightundertheDonegalCorridor,alongnarrowareaofairspaceinwhichIrelandensuredsafepassageduringWorldWarIItoplanesintheRAF(RoyalAirForce)frombasesintheUK-governedNorthofIreland.Thestonemarkingsactedasreferencepointstoaircrews.StandingonthisroughareaoflandsurroundedbythewildandwindyoceanbroughthometoustheconditionsinwhichtheCoastwatchersandaircrewsintheRAFcooperatedinasharedhistory.Irevoltedagainstmyfamilytraditionthatsummer,andIfulfilledmyaimofdiscoveringsomethingnewandabsorbedallDonegalhastooffer:emptygoldenbeaches,mysteriousancientstonecircles,folkmusicandcrafts,andtastyfood.IhadfalleninlovewithIrelandalloveragain.Theexpression“revoltedagainst”inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto__________.A．worriedabout B．passedon C．celebrated D．disobeyed【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Ienjoyedit,butonce,Ibehaveddifferentlyandlefthome.(我很喜欢，但有一次，我表现得不一样，离开了家)”，以及画线词的下文“myfamilytraditionthatsummer(那年夏天我的家庭传统)”可推知，此处指上文提到的作者在那年夏天没有遵循以往的家庭传统，而是独自一人去旅行，revoltagainst意思应该是“反抗，不遵循”，与disobey意思相近。故选D项。4.（2024•福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期12月月考）Inthelate1940s,doctorswereworried.Britain,likemanyrichcountries,wassufferingfroman“epidemic”ofheartdiseaseandnooneknewwhy.Varioushypotheses,suchasstress,weresuggested;butonethingthatwasnotexercisingresearcherswasexercise.Theideathathealthandexercisewerelinked“wasn’ttheacceptedfactthatweknowtoday”,saysNickWareham,aprofessorofepidemiologyatCambridgeUniversity.Someevenfeltthat“toomuchphysicalactivitywasabadthingforyourhealth”.Minersandfarmerswhodidphysicalexercisealsosufferedfromvariousdiseasesanddiedyoung.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“exercisingresearchers”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Encouragingresearcherstoworkout. B．Helpingwithresearchers’inquiry.C．Holdbackresearchers’progress. D．Drawingresearchers’attention.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词“wasexercise”以及后文“Theideathathealthandexercisewerelinked“wasn’ttheacceptedfactthatweknowtoday”,saysNickWareham,aprofessorofepidemiologyatCambridgeUniversity.Someevenfeltthat“toomuchphysicalactivitywasabadthingforyourhealth”.Minersandfarmerswhodidphysicalexercisealsosufferedfromvariousdiseasesanddiedyoung.(剑桥大学流行病学教授NickWareham表示，健康和运动有关的观点“在当时并不是我们今天所知道的公认事实”。一些人甚至认为“过多的体育活动对你的健康有害”。从事体育锻炼的矿工和农民也会患上各种疾病，英年早逝)”可知，当时认为锻炼会对健康有害，即锻炼没有引起研究人员的注意。故划线词意思是“引起研究人员的注意”。故选D。5.（2024•江苏省马坝高级中学高三上学期10月学情调研测试）Sincetherewasusuallynotenoughtimeforabystanderpigtobecomeinvolvedintheheatofaconflict,thoughthisdidoccur,DrNorscialookedatwhathappenedinthethreeminutesimmediatelyfollowingafight.Sometimes,hefound,thefighterswerereconciledwitheachotherontheirown.Themoredistantlyrelatedthefighterswere,themorefrequentlythishappened.DrNorsciaguessedthatrelationsbetweencloserelativesaremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidlyislessnecessaryforthem.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“werereconciled”probablymeaninparagraph4?A．Lookedup B．Madeup. C．Keptintouch. D．Figuredout.【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“Themoredistantlyrelatedthefighterswere,themorefrequentlythishappened.Dr.Norsciaguessedthatrelationsbetweencloserelativesaremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidlyislessnecessaryforthem.(打架者的亲缘关系越远，这种情况发生的频率就越高。Norscia博士猜测，近亲之间的关系一开始就更安全，因此迅速重建友好关系对他们来说就不那么必要。)”可知，Norscia博士发现，打架者会自行和解，建立友好关系。故可猜测划线单词reconciled为“和解”的意思。A.Lookedup抬起头来；B.Madeup和解；C.Keptintouch保持联系；D.Figuredout弄明白了。故选B项。6.（2024•山东省滨州市惠民县高三上学期期中）ArtificialIntelligence(AI)adviceisasinfluentialashumans’,butpositivecrowdviewsstilloverpower.Inastudy,researchersfoundthatmachinesthatmakerecommendationsorAIexpertswereasinfluentialashumanexpertswhentheAIexpertsrecommendedwhichphotousersshouldaddtotheironlinebusinessprofiles.However,bothAIandhumanexpertsfailedtobudgethemifthefeedbackofbothAIandhumanexpertswasnegativeandwentagainstpopularviewsamongotherusers,saidSundar,aprofessorofMediaEffects.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“budgethem”inparagraph2mean？A．Raiseusers’spirits. B．Satisfyusers’needs.C．Changeusers’ideas. D．Fireusers’imagination.【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Inastudy,researchersfoundthatmachinesthatmakerecommendations-orAIexperts-wereasinfluentialashumanexpertswhentheAIexpertsrecommendedwhichphotousersshouldaddtotheironlinebusinessprofiles.(在一项研究中，研究人员发现，当人工智能专家建议哪些照片用户应该添加到他们的在线商业资料中时，提出建议的机器——或人工智能专家——的影响力与人类专家一样大。）以及However...ifthefeedbackofbothAIandhumanexpertswasnegativeandwentagainstpopularviewsamongotherusers（但是……如果人工智能和人类专家的反馈是负面的，并且与其他用户的流行观点相悖）”可知，当反馈是负面的情况下，人工智能和人类专家都不能打动他们，即改变不了用户的观点，因此budgethem的意思为“改变用户的观点”。故选C项。7.（2024•上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模）WhenIvolunteeredasasocialworkeratadomesticviolenceshelterinadevelopingcountry,Iimaginedthepositionforwhichmyuniversityexperiencehadpreparedme.Iimaginedconductingintakeinterviewsandwalkingaroundfromorganizationtoorganizationseekingsupportthatthewomenwouldneedtorebuildtheirlives.WhenIarrived,IfeltasifIalreadyhadmonthsofexperience,experiencegainedinthehypotheticalsituationsIhadinventedandsubsequentlyresolvedsingle-handedly.IfeltthoroughlypreparedtotacklethesituationIassumedwaswaitingforme.Iarrivedfullofzeal.Withinmoments,myrealitymadeasharpbreakfromwhichIhadexpected.Thecoordinatorexplainedthattheshelter’sneedforfinancialself-sufficiencyhadbecomeobvious.Toaddressthis,thecenterwasplanningtoopenabakery.Iimmediatelyenthusedabouttheproject,makingmanyreferencestothesmallenterprisecasestudiesIhadresearchedattheuniversity.Inresponsetomyimpassionedreply,thecoordinatordeclaredmeinchargeofthebakery.Atthatmoment,IwasaspreparedtobakebreadasIwastorunforpoliticaloffice.Thebiggerproblem,however,wasthatIwascompletelyunfamiliarwiththefor-profitbusinessmodelsnecessarytorunthebakery.Iwasoutofmydepthinaforeignriverwithonlymycoordinator’sconfidencetokeepmeafloat.Thestatementthattheauthorarrived“fullofzeal”indicatesthatshewas_____________.A．anxiousandinsecure B．confidentbutuninformedC．eagerandinterested D．enthusiasticbutincompetent【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“WhenIarrived,IfeltasifIalreadyhadmonthsofexperience,experiencegainedinthehypotheticalsituationsIhadinventedandsubsequentlyresolvedsingle-handedly.IfeltthoroughlypreparedtotacklethesituationIassumedwaswaitingforme.(当我到达时，我觉得我已经有了几个月的经验，这些经验是我在假想的情况下获得的，然后我独自解决了。我觉得自己已经做好了充分的准备，可以应对我认为正在等着我的局面)”可知，作者在达到的时候对自己满怀信心，觉得自己有充足的准备可以解决难题。由此推知，此处指她满怀热情地来到这里，fullofzeal意思应该是“充满热情且很有兴趣”。故选C项。三、阅读理解之猜测词义猜测代词词义1.（2024•江苏省淮阴中学、姜堰中学、徐州一中高三上学期12月联考）Californiaisspeedingupthelaunchofitsrobotaxi.CarswithoutdriversarealreadybecomingacommonsightonSanFrancisco’swindingandfoggystreetswithalotofhills.Butthey’vebeenlimitedintheirareasandtimeofoperation,andinsomecaseshavehadhumansafetymonitorsonboard.Lastweek,Californiaofficialsvotedtoremovemostrestrictionsforthetwoleadingself-drivingcarcompanies,WaymoandCruise,lettingthemchargeforridesanywhereinthecity24/7.It’sacriticalmomentfortheindustry,whichhasgrowntomorethan40companiesreachingmillionsofmilesonpublicroadseveryyear.Ifthisisthefuture,it’sstillatoughnutinprogress.OneSanFranciscodriverlessvehiclerolledintoanactivefiresceneandpreventedfirefightersfromcarryingouttheirwork.Othershavestoppeddeadinthemiddleoftraffic.Therewere93reportedtrafficincidentsinvolvingrobotaxisinMarchalone.Californiaregulatorsshouldn’tbegivingrobotaxisafreepass.Driverlesscarscouldmakeadifferencetothecitystreetsthewaygas-poweredautomobilesdidacenturyago.Theobjectiontodriverlesscarshasbeensimilar,too.InSanFrancisco,oneactivistgrouphasbegunconingself-drivingtaxis—placingasimpleorangecone(圆锥体)onthemetalcoveroftheengine,whichseemsto“paralyze”anautonomousvehicle.Whatdoes“this”refertointhesecondparagraph?A．Restrictionswillbecancelledfortheself-drivingcars.B．Francisco’streetswillbeupgradedbyCaliforniaregulators.C．RobotaxiswillbeinfullwingsinCaliforniaaroundtheclock.D．Millionsofmilesonpublicroadswillbemonitoredeveryyear.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“Californiaisspeedingupthelaunchofitsrobotaxi.(加利福尼亚州正在加快推出其自动驾驶出租车。)”和“Lastweek,Californiaofficialsvotedtoremovemostrestrictionsforthetwoleadingself-drivingcarcompanies,WaymoandCruise,lettingthemchargeforridesanywhereinthecity24/7.(上周，加州官员投票决定取消对Waymo和Cruise这两家领先的自动驾驶汽车公司的大部分限制，允许他们在城市的任何地方全天候收费。)”可知，加利福尼亚州加快推出自动驾驶出租车，解除了对自动驾驶汽车的大部分限制，由此可推测出，this指代前文内容，在这里表示自动驾驶出租车即将在加利福尼亚州全力前进。故选C。2.（2024·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三上学期月考卷（四））CellOTisagroundbreakingapproachthatidentifiesthedistinctreactionsindividualcellswithinalargerpopulationcanhavetoadrug.Theaverageresponseofacellpopulationoftendoesnotcapturethefullcomplexityofhowcertaintumorcellssurviveordevelopresistancetodrugs.CellOTaddressesthisbypredictingtheeffectsofperturbations(扰动)oncells,pavingthewayformoreeffectiveandpersonalizedcancertreatments.Theunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3refersto_______.A．variousresponsesofacellpopulationtodrugsB．theaveragereactionofacellpopulationtodrugsC．theresistancefromagroupofcancercellstodrugsD．thesurvivalofapopulationofcancercellstodrugs【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“CellOTisagroundbreakingapproachthatidentifiesthedistinctreactionsindividualcellswithinalargerpopulationcanhavetoadrug.Theaverageresponseofacellpopulationoftendoesnotcapturethefullcomplexityofhowcertaintumorcellssurviveordevelopresistancetodrugs.(celllot是一种突破性的方法，可以识别更大群体中的单个细胞对药物的不同反应。细胞群对于药物的平均反应通常不能反映某些肿瘤细胞如何生存或产生耐药性的全部复杂性)”可知，“CellOTaddressesthis”指的是CellOT能解决前人解决不了的问题，即上文的“找出组成群体的每个细胞对药物的不同反应”，也就是“variousresponsesofacellpopulationtodrugs”。故选A。2.（2024·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三上学期期中（Ⅱ））Roadsalsodisturbelephantmigration.Thoseoutsidenationalparkboundariesarepriorpoaching(偷猎)spots.Elephantsknowunguardedroadsaredangerous.Duringonestudyof28elephantsinCentralAfrica,onlyonefemalecrossedanunprotectedroad.Whenshefinallycrossed,shemoved14timesfasterthanshedidwhencrossingaprotectedroadinsideapark.Whatdoestheunderlined“those”inparagraph3referto?A．Elephants. B．Unguardedroads. C．Poachers. D．Migrations.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Elephantsknowunguardedroadsaredangerous.(大象知道无人看守的道路很危险。)”可知，大象知道无人看守的道路很危险，说明无守卫道路是优先偷猎的地点。故划线词指的是“无守卫的道路”。故选B。3.（2024·广东省高三上学期12月月考）AnyonecanputonashowattheFringe,andthisyearevenrobotsweregettinginontheact.OneofFringe’sbigshowsusedasmallrobottocomeupwithjokesfromaudiences’suggestions,whichwerethenperformedbyhumans.Theresultscouldbeveryfunny,butsometimestheyweren’tfunnyatall.Thatwaspartofthepoint,explainedPiotrMirowski,theshow’sco-maker.“Wedonotusehumansto‘showoff’AI;instead,weuseAI‘toshow’itslimitations,toshowcasehumancreativityonthestage,”saidMirowski,accordingtoTheGuardian.Whatdoestheunderlined“That”inparagraph2referto?A．Performingjokesmadebyrobots. B．Robots’jokesareverypopular.C．Robots’jokessometimesarenotfun. D．UsinghumanstoshowoffAI.【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。“Thatwaspartofthepoint”这句话的意思是“那正是(我们引入AI的)部分目的”。在行文中，that一般代指其上文所说的事物或事情。结合上文“OneofFringe’sbigshowsusedasmallrobottocomeupwithjokesfromaudiences’suggestions,whichwerethenperformedbyhumans.Theresultscouldbeveryfunny,butsometimestheyweren’tfunnyatall.(《边缘》的一个大型节目使用一个小型机器人根据观众的建议想出笑话，然后由人类表演。结果可能非常有趣，但有时它们一点也不有趣)”可知，机器人的笑话有时并不好笑导致公司引入AI。由此可知，that指代“机器人的笑话有时不好笑”。故选C。4.（2024·江西省部分学校上学期11月期中）The1973horrorfilm“TheExorcist”and“SilentNight,DeadlyNight”releasedin1984weresoscarythataudiencesleftthetheaterupandout—throwingupandpassingout,thatis.Basedonthisevidenceaftertherelease,itwouldseemtomostpeoplethathorrormoviesarebadforpeople’shealth.Yetexpertsactuallyargueexactlytheopposite:TheHalloweentraditionofwatchingsc