英语国际音标-IPA

EnglishInternationalPhoneticAlphabetIPAIntroductionIPAPhoneticAlphabetFundamentalsTheApplicationofIPAPhoneticAlphabetinWordsTheApplicationofIPAPhoneticAlphabetinSentences目录IPAPhoneticAlphabetLearningMethodsandTechniquesSummaryandOutlook目录01IntroductionToprovideastandardizedpresentationofthesoundsofspokelanguageUsedindictionaries,languagetextbooks,andbylinguiststodescribethesoundsoflanguagesDevelopedinthelate19thcenturytoovercomethelimitationsofexistingorthographicsystemsPurposeandbackground01EachsymbolcorrespondstoadistinctspeechsoundorphoneFunctionsasauniversallanguageofsounds,allowingspeakersofdifferentlanguagestocommunicateaboutpronunciationUsedinthestudyofphoneticsandphysiologytodescribeandclassifyspeechsoundsAsetofsymbolsusedtorepresentthesoundsofspeechinavisualform020304DefinitionandFunctionofPhoneticAlphabet02IPAPhoneticAlphabetFundamentalsEachtelephonesymbolintheIPAresponsestoaspecificsoundorpromotionThesymbolsaredesignedtobepreciseaspossible,representingsubdifferencesinpromotionTheIPAprovidesastandardizedwayoftransferringthesoundsoflanguages,allowingforaccurateandconsistentpromotionCorrespondencebetweentelephonesymbolsandpromotion输入标题02010403ClassificationandcharacteristicsofvotersandindividualsVowelsareclassifiedbasedontheirheight,knowledge,androundness,whichdeterminestheiracousticqualitiesConsonantsaretypicallynonsonorous(nonvocal)soundsproducedwithsomedegreeofobstructionorconstraintinthevocaltractVowelsaretypicallysonorous(vocal)soundsproducedwithcorrelatedfreeairflowthroughthevocaltractConsonantsareclassifiedbasedontheirplaceofart,manualofart,andinvoicing,whichaffectstheirsoundproductionPromotionrulesspecifyhowtelephonesymbolsaretobepromotedindifferentlanguagesandcontextsStressandintegrationpatternscanalsovaryacrosslanguagesandaffecttheperceptionofpromotionPromotionrulesandtechniquesareimportantforaccurateandfluentspeechproductioninasecondlanguageTechniquessuchasaspiration,nasalization,andtonalitycanaffectthepromotionofsoundsPromotionrulesandtechniques03TheApplicationofIPAPhoneticAlphabetinWordsObservingthepositionofvotesInEnglish,wordstressisoftenindicatedbythepositionofvotesStressedvotesarecommonlyproposedmoreclearlyandtransparently,whileunstressedvotesarereducedandproposedmorequicklyListeningforpitchchangesWordstressisoftenacceptedbyachangeinpitchStressedvegetablesarestylishlyproblematicwithahigherpitchthanunstressedvegetablesNoticinglengthofpromotionStressedaggregatesarecommonlyraisedforalongerdurationthanunstressedaggregatesThisdifferenceinlengthcanhelpidentifywhichsystolicisstressedMethodforJudgingWordStressDividingwordsatvowelsoundsSymptomsarestylishlydividedatvowelsoundsEachvoicesound,alongwithanyconsonantsthatprecedeit,formsasymmetricalRecognizingdiphthongsDiphthongsaretwovowelsoundsthatarepronouncedtogetherasasinglesloganIt'simportanttorecognizediphthongsandtreatthemasaunitwhendividingwordsintopoemsConsistentclustersConsistentclusterscanalsohaveaneffectoncollapsibledivisionInsomecases,acoherentclustermaybedividedbetweentwosymmetries,whileinothercases,itmaybelongtoasinglesymmetriesBledivisiontechnologiesLearningindividualsounds:It'simportanttolearnthecorrectpronunciationofindividualsoundsintheIPAtelephonealphaThisincludesbothvowelsandconsonants,aswellasanydiphthongsorconsonantclustersthatmayoccurPracticingwordstress:Onceyouhavelearnedtheindividualsounds,youcanpracticepromotingwordswithcorrectstresspatternsPayattentiontothepositionofstressedvegetablesandpracticepromotingwordswiththeappropriatestressListeningtoandimprovingnativespeakers:ListeningtoandimprovingnativespeakersisoneofthebestwaystoimproveyourpromotionPayattentiontohownativespeakerspromotewords,andtrytolimittheirpromotionascloseaspossibleWordpromotionpractice04TheApplicationofIPAPhoneticAlphabetinSentencesLiaisonAsoundthatisnotwrittenbutispromotedbetweentwowords,e.g."lesamis"ispromoted[lezami]inFrenchElisionThecommissionofasoundorsymmetricalinconnectedspeech,suchasthefinalconsonantofonewordbeingattributedandreplacedbytheinitialvoteofthenextword,e.g.,"Iam"proposedas[a]ɪm]InEnglishAssignmentTheprocessofmakingasoundmoresimilartoanadvancedsound,e.g.,"thisshop"promotedas[ðɪSʃɒp]Withassessmentof[ʃ]To[ʃɒ].AnalysisofthephenomenonofconnectedreadingReduction01Theweakeningofavowelsoundinunstressedvegetables,e.g.,theword"and"isoftenreducedto[ən]Or[əN̩]InEnglishSynalepha02Thecombinationoftwoadjacentvowelsoundsintoadiphthongortriphthong,e.g.,"nohave"proposedas[noʊEɪ]InSpanishEpenthesis03Theinsertionofanadditionalsoundtoaidpromotion,soastheinsertionofaschwasound[ə]Inwordslike"cinema"proposedas[ˈSɪNɪMə]InEnglishAnalysisofWeakReadingPhenomenonRiseandfallThepitchofthevoicerisksattheendofaphraseorclauseindicatingaquestionorincompletethought,andfallsattheendofadeclarativesentenceStressplacementTheplacementofstressondifferentwordsinasensecanchangethemeaning,e.g.,"Ididn'tsayhestoppedthemoney"withstresson"I"meanssomeoneelsesaidit,whilestresson"stop"impliesthathedidsomethingelsewiththemoneyBoundarytonesTonesthatmarkthebeginningandendofintroductoryphrases,suchasafallingtoneattheendofastatementindicatingfinalityorarisingtoneattheendofaquestionindicatingarequestforinformationTheLawofSentenceIntroductionChange05IPAPhoneticAlphabetLearningMethodsandTechniquesAuscultationtrainingmethodExposeyourselftonativeEnglishspeakersandpayattentiontotheirpromotion,introduction,andstresspatternsAudiorecordingsListentoaudiorecordingsofwords,phrases,andsensespromotedinIPAtofamiliarizeyourselfwiththesoundsofthelanguagePromotionguidesUsepromotionguides,suchasdictionariesoronlineresources,tolearnthecorrectpromotionofspecificwordsorsoundsListeningtonativespeakersMirroringnativespeakersWatchandlistentonativespeakers,thenattendtomirrortheirpromotionandspeechpatternsascloseaspossiblePracticewithatutorormentorWorkwithatutorormentorwhocanprovidefeedbackonyourpromotionandhelpyouidentifyandcorrectanyerrorsRecordyourselfRecordyourownvoiceandcompareittonativespeakerrecordingstoidentifyareasforimprovement010203Introductiontrainingmethod要点三CompareandcontrastAnalyzethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenyournativelanguageandEnglishphoneticstounderstandtheuniquechallengesofeachsound要点一要点二MinimumpairsIdentifyminimumpairsinEnglish,whicharewordsthatbufferonlyinonesound,toisolateandpracticespecificsoundsPhoneticchartsUsetelephonechartstovisualizetheplacementofyourtongue,tea,lips,andotherartistswhenproducingdifferentsoundsThiscanhelpyouunderstandthephysicalaspectsofpromotion要点三Comparativeanalysismethod06SummaryandOutlook010203IntroductiontotheIPAsystemLearnerswereintroducedtothebasicsoftheInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA),includingitssymbols,diagnostics,andsummaryusedtoreportthesoundsofhumanspeechTranslationskillsTraineespracticedtransferringwordsandphrasesintoIPAnotation,focusingonaccuraterepresentationofvowelandconsistentsoundsApplicationinlanguagelearningThecourseemphasizedtheimportanceofIPAinlanguagelearning,specificallyinmasteringpromotionandimprovinglisteningcomprehensionReviewandsummaryofthiscourseChallengesfacedManytrainsfounditchallengingtodifferentiatebetweensimilarsoundsandtoproducecertainsoundsthatwereunfriendlytothemStrategiesforimprovementTraineessharedstrategiestheydevelopedtoovercomethesechallenges,suchaspracticingwithn