版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领
文档简介
IntroductiontoEnglishLinguistics-Chapter5Morphology目录MorphologicalOverviewMorphologyofEnglishVocabularyWordFormationTheApplicationofMorphologyinLanguageLearning目录OutlookonMorphologicalResearch01MorphologicalOverviewDefinitionMorphologyisthestudyofthestructureandformofwordsinalanguage.Itdealswiththeinternalpartsofwordsandhowtheycombinetoformlargerunits.要点一要点二ImportanceMorphologyiscrucialforunderstandingthemeaning,function,andusageofwordsinalanguage.Itprovidesinsightsintotherelationshipsbetweenwordsandtheirparts,whichisessentialforeffectivecommunicationandlanguagecomprehension.DefinitionandImportanceEarlystagesMorphologyemergedintheearlystagesoflinguisticinquiry,withancientgrammariansstudyingthestructureandformofwords.MiddleAgesThedevelopmentofthefieldwasfurtheredintheMiddleAgesbyscholarssuchasWilliamofOckham,whoanalyzedthemorphologyofLatinanditsrelationtootherlanguages.ModerneraThemoderneraofmorphologybeganinthe19thcenturywiththeworksoflinguistssuchasJacobGrimmandFerdinanddeSaussure,whoformalizedthestudyofmorphologyanditsrelationshiptootherlinguisticbranches.TheHistoryandDevelopmentofMorphologyMorphologyisapartofgrammar,asitdealswiththestructureandformofwords.Grammarencompassesmorphologyalongwithsyntaxandsemantics.Morphologyandsyntaxarecloselyrelatedastheybothdealwithwordstructureandsentenceformation.Syntaxfocusesontherelationshipsbetweenwordsinasentence,whilemorphologyfocusesontheinternalstructureofindividualwords.Morphologyhasacloserelationshipwithsemanticsasthemeaningofwordsisoftendeterminedbytheirmorphologicalstructure.Understandingmorphologycanprovideinsightsintothemeaningsandfunctionsofwordsinalanguage.GrammarSyntaxSemanticsTheRelationshipbetweenMorphologyandOtherLinguisticBranches02MorphologyofEnglishVocabularyMorphemesarethesmallestmeaningfulunitsoflanguage.Prefixes:pre-,dis-,re-Suffixes:-ness,-tion,-lyAffixesaremorphemesthatareaddedtothebeginning(prefixes)orend(suffixes)ofwordstomodifytheirmeaningorfunction.Morphemesandaffixesthepartofthewordthatisunchangedindifferentforms.RootStemExamplethebaseformoftheword,includingtherootandanyaffixesattachedtoit."act"istherootofwordslike"actor","action","react".030201RootandStemformedbycombiningtwoormorewords,usuallywithhyphens(-),tocreateanewmeaning.Compoundwordsshortenedformsofwordsorphrases,usuallyrepresentedbyinitiallettersoracombinationofletters.Abbreviations"notebook"(compound)and"ID"(abbreviation).ExampleCompoundwordsandabbreviationsInflectionalmorphemeschangetheformofawordtoshowgrammaticalrelationships,suchasnumber,gender,tense,aspect,voice,case.Example"run"->"runs"(inflectsforthepresenttenseofthethirdpersonsingular).Thechangingformsofwords03WordFormationPrefixationistheadditionofaprefixtothebeginningofarootorbaseformtocreateanewword.Forexample,"un-"isaprefixthatisaddedtowordslike"happy"toform"unhappy".Somecommonprefixesinclude"un-,""in-,""dis-,"and"re-".Prefixationcanchangethemeaningofthebaseword,asinthecaseof"unhappy,"oritcanmodifytheword'spartofspeech,asin"rebuild."PrefixmethodSuffixationistheadditionofasuffixtotheendofarootorbaseformtocreateanewword.Forexample,"-ness"isasuffixthatisaddedtowordslike"happy"toform"happiness".Somecommonsuffixesinclude"-ness,""-tion,""-ity,"and"-ism".Suffixationcanchangethemeaningofthebaseword,asinthecaseof"happiness,"oritcanmodifythepartofspeech,asin"happily."suffixationTheConversionmethodisatypeofwordformationwhereawordiscreatedbychangingthepartofspeechofanexistingword.Forexample,theverb"tolove"canbeconvertedintothenoun"love".ConversionisacommonmethodofwordformationinEnglish,especiallywhencreatingnounsfromverbs.Otherexamplesinclude"walk"(verb)to"walking"(noun),and"write"(verb)to"writer"(noun).Conversionmethod01TheSynthesismethodisatypeofwordformationwheretwoormorewordsarecombinedtocreateanewword.Forexample,"motherland"isformedbycombining"mother"and"land".02Otherexamplesinclude"worldwide"(combinationof"world"and"wide"),and"greenhouse"(combinationof"green"and"house").03SynthesisisacommonmethodofwordformationinEnglish,especiallywhencreatingadjectivesornounsfromexistingwords.SynthesismethodClippingisacommonmethodofwordformationinEnglish,especiallywhencreatingshortenedorinformalversionsoflongerwords.Clippingisatypeofwordformationwherepartofawordisremovedtocreateanewword.Forexample,"telephone"canbeclippedtoformtheword"phone".Otherexamplesinclude"advertisement"clippedto"ad",and"laboratory"clippedto"lab".clipping04TheApplicationofMorphologyinLanguageLearningMorphologycanhelplearnersunderstandtheinternalstructureofwords,breakdowncomplexwordsintosmallerunits,andfacilitatethememorizationandapplicationofvocabulary.Learnerscanusemorphologicalanalysistoinferthemeaningsofnewwords,expandtheirvocabulary,andimprovetheirlanguagecomprehensionandexpressionabilities.ImprovevocabularyandvocabularyapplicationabilityMorphologycanhelplearnersunderstandthemeaningsofwordsbyanalyzingtheirinternalstructureandsemanticcomponents.Morphologycanalsohelplearnersunderstandtheevolutionofwordmeanings,allowingthemtobetterunderstandthehistoricalandculturalbackgroundofthelanguage.UnderstandingwordmeaningsandtheirevolutionMorphologyiscloselyrelatedtosentencestructureandgrammarrules.Byanalyzingthemorphologyofwords,learnerscanbetterunderstandthestructureandorganizationofsentences,aswellastheapplicationofgrammarrules.Learnerscanusemorphologytoidentifysentencepatterns,predictthestructureofcomplexsentences,andimprovetheirlanguageproductionandcomprehensionabilities.AnalyzingsentencestructureandgrammarrulesMorphologyisacommonfeatureofalllanguages.Bycomparingthemorphologicalfeaturesofdifferentlanguages,learnerscanbetterunderstandthecommonalitiesanddifferencesamonglanguages,aswellasthecharacteristicsanduniquefeaturesofeachlanguage.Learnerscanusethiscomparisontoenhancetheirlanguagelearningability,improvetheircross-culturalcommunicationskills,andpromotelanguageexchangeandmutuallearningamongdifferentlanguages.Comparingthemorphologicalfeaturesofdifferentlanguages05OutlookonMorphologicalResearchConnectionwithhistoricallinguistics:Morphologicalresearchofteninvolvestracingthehistoricaldevelopmentofwordforms,reconstructingearlierstagesoflanguages,andunderstandinghowmorphologicalpatternshavechangedovertime.Integrationoflinguistictheorywithcognitivescience:Morphologicalresearchoftenintersectswithcognitivepsychologyandneurosciencetounderstandthementalrepresentationandprocessingofwordsandtheirconstituentparts.Interactionwithtypology:Morphologicalresearchalsoexplorestherelationshipbetweenlanguagestructureandlanguagetypology,comparingandcontrastingdifferentlanguages'morphologicalsystems.InterdisciplinarymorphologicalresearchRoleofmorphologyinearlylanguagelearningChildren'sacquisitionofmorphologyisakeyaspectoflanguagedevelopment,andresearchexploreshowchildrenlearntocombinewordroots,suffixes,andprefixestocreatecomplexwords.DevelopmentofmorphologyprocessingskillsResearchersinvestigatehowchildren'sprocessingofmorphologyinspeechandwrittenlanguageaffectstheirlanguagecomprehensionandproductionabilities.InterplaywithsyntaxResearchalsoexamineshow
温馨提示
- 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
- 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
- 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
- 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
- 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
- 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- CH自动监测仪项目风险评估报告
- 高等职业教育与食品行业
- 城市轨道交通的安全风险评估与预警控制
- 输配电变电站设计与运维
- 《第一次抱母亲》教师教学反思
- 重油催化裂化催化剂项目效益评估报告
- 家具、建筑用金属附件及架座项目绩效评估报告
- 内镜专用高频电刀相关行业投资方案范本
- 数字化驱动下智慧医疗服务平台价值共创的演化过程基于服务生态系统和知识整合视角的案例研究
- 国外近五研究述评
- 学习解读儿童青少年肥胖食养指南(2024年版)内容课件
- 粉煤灰营销方案
- 留守儿童安全知识讲座
- 电缆井工程量计算-公式表格Excel版本
- 2024年1月时事政治试题及答案
- 肺术后漏气的护理课件
- 习作五《形形色色的人》
- 中国游戏产业报告2023
- 2023年同等学力人员申请硕士学位工商管理学科综合水平考试真题及答案
- 家装装修施工方案简单版
- 抖音项目合伙协议书
评论
0/150
提交评论