湖南省长沙市2023届高三上学期新高考适应性考试英语试卷(含答案)

湖南省长沙市2023届高三上学期新高考适应性考试英语试卷学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解Stillwaitingforyourlettertoarrivebyowl（猫头鹰）？Don'tworry.YoucanstillloseyourselfinthemagicalworldofHarryPotter,justbyfollowingthisfour-dayroute.Day1OverviewEdinburghItwasinScotland'scapitalcitythatJ.K.RowlingstartedtoplottheadventuresofHarryandhisfellows.Withstonedstreets，windingalleys（小巷）andmedieval（中世纪的）architecture,thecitycertainlyhasafewthingsincommonwiththesettingsfromthebooksandfilms.Shewrotetheearlychaptersinvariouscafesaroundthecity'sOldTowns.Day2OverviewtraveltoFortWilliamTravelbytrainfromEdinburghtoGlasgowandfromthere,andyoucantaketheWestHighlandLinetoFortWilliam.Thisisagreatwaytoseesomefamousspotsfromthewindow,includingthemysteriousRannochMoor,theplacewhereDeathEatersboardthetraininthemovieHarryPotterandTheDeathlyHallows.Day3OverviewallaboardtheHogwartsexpressWitnessthesweepingcinematicscenerystraightoutoftheeightsuccessfulfilmsbybookingaseatontheJacobiteSteamTrain,whichtravelsfromFortWilliamtoMallaigalongtheWestHighlandLine.StopforlunchinMallaigandthenmakethereturnjourneytoFortWilliam.Pleasebesuretobookthesteamtraininadvance,asitisaverypopularexperience.ItopensfortheseasoninApril.Day4OverviewlakesandvalleysInthefilms，mysterious，mistylandscapesframe（衬托）thebackgroundofHarry'stale，soit'snosurprisethattheproducerschosetheHighlandsformanyscenes.Spendadaywanderingthroughsomeofthesebeautifulspotsandfeelthemagicalatmosphere.1、WheredidJ.K.RowlingfirststarttocreateHarryPotter?A.InMallaig. B.InEdinburgh. C.InGlasgow. D.InFortWilliam.2、Whatareyourequiredtodoifyouwanttotakethesteamtrain?A.Havelunchearlierthanusual. B.Learnaboutthereturnticket.C.Makeareservationbeforehand. D.TakeatrainingcourseinApril3、Onwhichdaycanyouexperiencetheproducers'favoritesettings?A.Day1. B.Day2. C.Day3. D.Day4.SylvesterJamesGatesisthecurrentpresidentoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety.Heappearsinanumberofdocumentaries,andisthereceiverofcountlessawards.Inlookingbackathiscareer,GatescreditedMITashis"intellectualbirthingground".Infact,hispathtoMITstartedathome.Hestillremembersthatwhenhewasachild,hisfatheraskedhimandhisthreeyoungersiblings（兄弟姐妹）aquestion：Whatcollegedoyouplantoattend?Hisfatherhadspenthisownchildhoodonasugarcanefarm,andthenworkedinthearmyfor27years,neverhavinghadtheopportunitytoattendcollegehimself.“Buthehadanironfaiththateducationwasthewaytomakeprogressforourfamily,”Gatessaid.GatesfirstlearnedofMITwhenhewas14.Hewaswatchingatelevisionshow,withacharacterwhohappenedtobeanMITstudent.ItleftsuchanimpressionthatGatesdeclaredtohisfatherthatMITwasthecollegehewantedtoattend.Butasherecalled,"Thatdreamalmostneverhappened.”HespenthishighschoolyearsinFlorida.Heandhisfriendsstartedachessteam.Whentheyvisitedotherhighschoolsformatches,hesawthequalityofeverything,fromthefacilities,tothedesks,andeventhebooks—especiallythebooks—wasbetterthanthoseathisownschool.ThisexperiencemadehimhesitateinapplyingtoMIT.Buthisfather,rememberingGates'earlydeclaration,insisted.Whentheacceptancelettercame,itwashisfatherwhogavehimthenews,whilesittingonthefamily'srockingsofa"Hewasenergeticallygoingbackandforth,backandforth,andthenhelookedupandsawme,smilingthebiggestsmile,"Gatessaid."AndthatwasmyintroductiontoMIT—thatverypersonalwelcomingfrommyfather,wholetmeknowthatmydreamcouldcometrue."4、WhatdoweknowaboutGates?A.HeispresidentofMIT B.Hehasgotlotsofhonors.C.HispathtoMITbeganonfarm D.Hisserviceinthearmylasted27years.5、Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor'sfather?A.Insightful. B.Picky. C.Educated. D.Hesitant.6、WhatmadeGatesapplytoMIT?A.Theironfaithinhighschoolcareer.B.Father'sinsistenceonhisearlydream.C.Theexperienceofvisitinghighschools.D.HiscommunicationwithanMITstudent.7、Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.It'snevertoolatetolearn.B.Knowledgemakesonehumble.C.Makingmistakesispartoflearning.D.Birthismuchbuteducationismore.Currently,NewZealand'sgovernmentannouncesitwillhelppayforpoorerfamiliestoreplacetheiroldcarswithcleanerhybrid（混合动力的）orelectricones.Thegovernmentsaysitplanstospend$357milliononthetestprogram.Themoveispartofawiderplantoreducegreenhousegasemissions（排放物）.GreenhousegasesarebelievedtocausewarmingtemperaturesintheEarth'satmosphere.NewZealandplanstoprovideaidforbusinessestoreduceemissionsandhavebusesthatrunonenvironmentallysafefuelby2035.Thegovernmentalsoplanstoprovidefood-wastecollectionformosthomesby2030.PrimeMinisterJacindaArdemsaidinastatement,“We’veallseentherecentreportsonsealevelriseanditsinfluencerighthereinNewZealand.Wecannotleavetheissueofclimatechangeuntilit'stoolatetofix."TheplanisasteptowardNewZealand'sstatedgoalofreachingnet-zero（净零）carbonemissionsby2050.Reachingnet-zeroemissionsmeansnotcreatingmorecarbonintheatmospherethanoceansandforestscanremove.Ardernsaidthatreducingdependenceontraditionalfuelswouldhelpprotectfamiliesfromextremepriceincreases.Theplanalsosetsagoalofreducingtotalcartravelby20percentoverthenext13years.Theprogramswillbepaidforfroma$2.8billionclimateemergencyresponsefund.Officialssaidthatovertime,moneycollectedfrompolluterswouldpayfortheprogramsratherthantaxesfromfamilies.SomecriticsoftheplansayitcontinuedtobelessrestrictiveonNewZealand'shugeagricultureindustry.Agriculturecreatesmorethanhalfofthenation'stotalgreenhousegasemissions.Butitisalsoimportanttotheeconomyasthenation'sbiggestexportearner.DavidSeymouristheleaderofNewZealand'sACTpoliticalparty.Hesaidthatsomeoftheannouncedprogramswereproventobeineffectiveandhadbeentriedandfailedoverseas.Seymouraddedthatpeopleshouldbeabletochoosehowtheyreduceemissionsthroughthemarket-basedemissionstradingplan.8、WhatdoesNewZealandgovernmentplantodo?A.Increasedependenceontraditionalfuels.B.Reduceexpenseonfood-wastecollection.C.Offerbusinesseshelptolessenemissions.D.Buycarsforfamiliesanddoublecartravel.9、WhatdoesJacindaArdemsuggestdoingabouttheclimatechange?A.Observingthesealevelrise. B.Publishingtherecentreports.C.Dealingwiththeissueinstantly. D.Raisingemergencyresponsefunds.10、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Themovehasagoalofreducingtheuseofbuses.B.Agricultureplaysavitalpartinthenation'seconomy.C.Theannouncedprogramswillbeappliedinternationally.D.Achievingnet-zeroemissionsmeanscreatingnocarbonatall.11、WhatisDavidSeymour’sattitudetowardstheprograms?A.Tolerant. B.Unclear. C.Favorable. D.Doubtful.Naturalsilence—thekindwhenyouhearnothingbutthesoundofnaturearoundyou—isbecomingincreasinglyscarce.Thenoiseofman-madecanbeheardevenintheremotecornersofnationalparksanddeepintheArcticOcean.Thisishavingsometroublingeffects.Inhumans,noisepollutionhasbeenlinkedtophysical，mentalhealthproblemsandcognitiveimpairment（认知功能障碍）inchildren.Inwildlife,it'sdisturbingnavigation,pairing,communicationandcancausehearingloss."We'relosingtheabilitytolistentonaturewithoutnoisepollution,"sayssoundrecordistMattMikkelsen.He'spartofthenon-profitorganizationQuietParksInternational,whichaimstoidentifyandpreservetheplanet'slastquietplaces.Recently,thistookhimtoBoundaryWatersCanoeAreaWildernessinnortheasternMinnesota.Nocars,motorboats,electricityortelephonelinesareallowedintheone-million-acrearea,makingitastrongcandidateforQuietParkstatus.Butlisteningbacktotherecording，Mikkelsencanhearthelowhum（嗡鸣声）ofacommercialplaneflyingfaraway.QuietParkshasn'tyetdecidedifBoundaryWatersmeetsitscriteria—it'soneof260potentialsitesaroundtheworldthattheorganizationiscurrentlyexploring.Theteamwillanalyzethesoundrecordingsfromeachlocationandconsiderthemalongsideotherdata.Inrecentyears,theworldhasbeengettinglouder,withcitiesandtownsexpandingandanincreasingnumberofnoisesfromcars,airplanesorships.ButduringtheCOVID-19pandemic（流行病），therehasbeenmomentarydelay.In2020，globalairtravelwasdownby60%androadtransportdecreasedbyalmosthalf.ScientistsinEuropefoundthatnoisecausedbyhumansfellbyupto50%afterlockdownswerecarriedout."Peopleenjoyedthesilence,"saysMikkelsen.“Therewerenoairplanesintheskyandcarsweren'tonthestreet.Itwasanincrediblethingtobeabletoheartheworld,allofasudden,freefromnoisepollution,"hesays.Sincethestartofthepandemic,QuietParkssaysithasexperiencedahugeincreaseininterestforquietplaces."Ihopethatwecantakethatdesireforaworldwithlessnoiseforward,”saysMikkelsen,"andappreciatethespotswehave,wherewecangoandnotexperiencenoisepollution."12、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"scarce"probablymeaninparagraph1?A.Special. B.Rare. C.Common. D.Typical.13、Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofhearingloss.B.Tipsonprotectingthenature.C.Harmfuleffectsofnoisepollution.D.Unidentifiedproblemsfromhumanbeings.14、WhatwillMattMikkelsen'steamanalyseaccordingtothetext?A.Thesoundrecordings. B.Globalairtravels.C.QuietParks'criteria. D.Dataofthepandemic.15、Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abookreview. B.Atravelguide.C.Abusinessplan. D.Asciencereport.二、七选五16、I'mahiker—"borntohike".Itdoesmyheartandsoulgoodtotakeapackandheadoutonatrail（小路），especiallywhenI'maloneandcanletmymindwanderwhereitwill.①________.Hikingkeepsyourbrainsharperthanmanyotherformsofexercise.Asaprofessionalwriter,althoughIambusywithmywork,Ioftensparesometimetohike.②________.③________.Exerciseingeneralcanbeagoodwaytodecreasestress.Butwhatsetshikingapartfromotherformsofexerciseisthathikingcanhappenalmostanywhereandgiveyouthehappinessthatyoucantakefromnature.Hikingcanincreaseourcreativity.I'msureI'mnotaloneinfindingthatwalksinnatureletmymindwanderfreelyincreativedirections.④________Sometimes,ideasrelevanttomusiccomeupfromunconsciousplaceswhenI'mnotdeliberatelythinking.Hikinghelpsstrengthenapositiverelationshipwiththenaturalworld.Besidesbeinggoodforus,hikingmayalsohelptheworldaroundus.Afterall,ifwesticktowalkingandcoveringlongerdistances,wecouldusecarslessandreduceourcarbonfootprint.⑤________.Forexample,itincreasesourconnectiontonature.Asonestudysuggests,whenwehaveapersonalconnectiontonature,wearemorelikelytowanttoprotectit.Thatmeansexperiencesinnature—likehiking—canbemutually（相互地）beneficial，helpingpeopleandtheearth.So,grabawaterbottle,abackpack...andheadoutonthetrail.Youwon'tbesorryyoudid.A.HikinghelpstokeepyoucalmandhappyB.Beyondthat,hikingbenefitsourplanetindirectlyC.FollowingarethebenefitsyoucangetfromhikingD.Infact,I'vewrittenmanyofmysongswhilehikingonatrailE.It'seasyformetocomeupwithcreativeideaswhilesittingaloneF.Itnotjustmakesmefeelgood,butalsohelpsmekeepthebrainintopshapeG.Thisallgoestoshowthathikingmaybeoneofthebestwaystomoveyourbody三、完形填空（15空）OnedayChristopherColumbuswasatapartythataSpanishgentlemangaveinhishonor.Peopleweresaying,"Whatagreat1youhavemade!"However,severalpeoplepresentwereenviousofhim.TheybegantotrytomakeColumbus2."Youhavediscoverednew3beyondtheseas,"theysaid,"butwhatofthat?Anybodycan4acrosstheoceanandanybodycancoastalongtheislandsontheotherside.Itisthe5thingintheworld.Allyouneedtodoissailwest.That'snota(n)6feat（功绩）.”Columbusmadeno7,butafterawhilehetookaneggfromadishandsaidtothecompany,"Whoamongyou,gentlemen,canmakethisegg8onend?"“That’simpossible,”thehostreplied.“Youwouldneedtobea9todothat.”Onebyone,thoseatthetable10theexperiment.11,noneofthemsucceeded.Afterashortsilence,Columbustooktheeggandstruckitssmallend12uponthetablesoasto13theshell（壳）alittle.Afterthat,therewasno14inmakingitstandupright."Gentlemen,"saidhe,"whatiseasierthantodothiswhichyousaidwasimpossible?Itisthesimplestthingintheworld.Anybodycandoit—AFTERHEHASBEEN15HOW!" uncomfortable unafraid reasures n hike orst useless y r r ed Atlast Inaddition lplessly cally break ction point C.EXPLODED 四、语法填空32、Giftgivinghasbeenalongtraditionthatdatesbackthousandsofyearsasfarbackasmancanremember.Ashumanbeings,wearesocialcreatureswhoenjoyeachother'scompanyandexpressing①_______(we)feelingsthroughthegivingofgifts.Thegivingofgiftsmaybeoneoftheoldestofhuman②_______(activity)thatpredatescivilizationandmaydateback③_______theoriginofourspecies.Eveninprimitivecavemenculture,thegivingofgiftswas④_______(fair)commonasitwasusedtoshowloveandaffectiontowardsoneanother.Thepresentingofgiftswasalsoinferredasastatussymbolwhenleadersoftribes（部落）wouldshowtheir⑤_______（appreciate）forthecontributionsofthosewhowerepartofanimportantachievement.Whetheritwasanunusuallyshapedrock,atoothfromananimal,thebarkfromatree⑥_______someotheritemthatwasnaturalinorigin,thegivingofgiftshadbeencertainlycommonbehaviorlongbeforeanadvancedcivilizationcameintobeing.Today,giftgivingisspreadacrossallculturesaroundtheworld.Gifts⑦_______(give)tofamilymembers,friends,thoseweworkwithandevenneighborswhoreceivegiftsofalldifferenttypes.Thepsychologyof⑧_______giftgivingissorewardingissimple:Itallowspeople⑨_______(connect).Makingconnectionswithpeoplearoundusgivesusasenseofpurposeandfeelingofsatisfaction.Thisfeelingisonethatenlightensthesoulandbringsoutthe⑩_______(good)inus.五、书面表达33、假定你是李华，正负责筹备学校年度英语诗歌创作大赛。你想去找外教Mariam咨询关于诗歌主题等相关的事情，但是发现Mariam不在办公室，请你给她写一封邮件。内容包括：1.找她的原因；2.约定见面的时间、地点。注意：1.词数80左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearMariam,I'mLiHuafromyourEnglishpoetryclass.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua六、读后续写34、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。IwasbackpackingandplannedtoclimbavolcanocalledVolcanBaru.At3,474m,itisthehighestpeakinthecountryandoneoftheonlyplacesonEarthfromwhereyoucanseetheAtlanticandthePacificOceansatthesametime.Itisanactivevolcano,butlasteruptedaround1550.Isetoffbeforesunrise.Itwasalittlecold,soIhadpulledontightsundermytrousers.Iintendedtoreachthetopbymidday,andthenreturnbeforedarktogetalifttomyhotel.I'vealwaysfeltsafetravellingasawomanonmyown,whichI'vedonesincemy20s.Ilovethefreedom.WhenIgottothebaseofthevolcanoat7inthemorning，theranger（护林员）disagreedtoletmegoalone,butsaidOKbecauseanAmericancouplewerebehindme.Thefirstpartoftheclimbwasbeautiful.Itwasnotdryasyoumightimagineavolcanomightbe—thereweretreesandflowersallaround,andadirtroadforthefarmerswhoworkedaroundthere.Iwalkedforanhourandreachedafairheight.Theviewswereimpressive,soIstoppedtotakeaphotographSuddenlyIheardviolentbarkingbehindme.Iturnedandsawtwodogsrunningaggressively（挑衅）towardsme.Iexpectedthemtostop，buttheydidn't.Astheygotcloser，Icouldseetheirteethlookedsharp,andthattheylookedangry.Therewasnowhereformetorun.Itriedtokeepcalm,butmyheartwasracing.I'dneverbeenbittenbyadog,andIcouldn'thelpbutfearwhatwouldhappen.TheystoppedadozenfeetfromwhereIstoodandkeptbarking.Iknewtheycouldmovefast,soIdidn'twanttotrytooutrunthem.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Terrified,Islowlykeptwalking,saying,"Comeon,gooddogs!"____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Justatthiscriticalmoment,apickupappeared,drivenbytheranger.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案1、答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据Day1OverviewEdinburgh部分下的ItwasinScotland'scapitalcitythatJ.K.RowlingstartedtoplottheadventuresofHarryandhisfellows.(正是在苏格兰的首都，J.K.罗琳开始策划哈里和他的伙伴们的冒险。)可知,J.K罗琳在爱丁堡开始创作《哈利波特》的，故选B。2、答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据Day3OverviewallaboardtheHogwartsexpress部分中的Pleasebesuretobookthesteamtraininadvance,asitisaverypopularexperience.(请务必提前预订蒸汽火车，因为这是一种非常受欢迎的体验。)可知，如果你想乘坐蒸汽火车,你需要提前预定，故选C。3、答案：D解析：细节理解题。根据Day4Overviewlakesandvalleys部分中的Inthefilms,mysterious,mistylandscapesframe(衬托)thebackgroundofHarry'stale,soit'snosurprisethattheproducerschosetheHighlandsformanyscenes.(在电影中，神秘、朦胧的风景构成了哈利故事的背景，所以制片人选择在高地拍摄许多场景也就不足为奇了。)可知，在第四天你可以体验到制片人最喜欢拍摄的场景，故选D。4、答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第一段“SylvesterJamesGatesisthecurrentpresidentoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety.Heappearsinanumberofdocumentaries,andisthereceiverofcountlessawards.(西尔维斯特·詹姆斯·盖茨是美国物理学会现任主席。他出演了许多纪录片，并获得了无数奖项)”可知，盖茨获得了很多荣誉。故选B。5、答案：A解析：推理判断题。根据第三段““Buthehadanironfaiththateducationwasthewaytomakeprogressforourfamily,”Gatessaid.(“但他有一个坚定的信念，那就是教育是我们家庭进步的途径，”盖茨说)”可推知，作者的父亲很有见地。故选A。6、答案：B解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“ItleftsuchanimpressionthatGatesdeclaredtohisfatherthatMITwasthecollegehewantedtoattend.Butasherecalled,“Thatdreamalmostneverhappened.”(这所学校给盖茨留下了深刻的印象，以至于盖茨向父亲宣布，他想上麻省理工学院。但据他回忆，“那个梦几乎从未实现过。”)”以及最后一段中“ThisexperiencemadehimhesitateinapplyingtoMIT.Buthisfather,rememberingGates’earlydeclaration,insisted.(这段经历让他对申请麻省理工学院犹豫不决。但他的父亲想起了盖茨早期的宣言，坚持要这样做)”可知，盖茨申请麻省理工学院是因为父亲对他早年梦想的坚持。故选B。7、答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据文章主要说明了SylvesterJamesGates是美国物理学会现任主席。他出演了许多纪录片，并获得了无数奖项。文章讲述了他的出身家庭以及父亲对他上大学的影响。由此推知，我们能从这篇文章中学到：出身很重要，但教育更重要。故选D。8、答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“NewZealandplanstoprovideaidforbusinessestoreduceemissionsandhavebusesthatrunonenvironmentallysafefuelby2035.(新西兰计划向企业提供援助，以减少排放，并在2035年前让公共汽车使用对环境无害的燃料。)”可知，新西兰政府计划为企业减排提供帮助。故选C。9、答案：C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“PrimeMinisterJacindaArdemsaidinastatement,“We’veallseentherecentreportsonsealevelriseanditsinfluencerighthereinNewZealand.Wecannotleavetheissueofclimatechangeuntilit’stoolatetofix.”(新西兰总理杰辛达·阿登在一份声明中说：“我们都看到了最近关于海平面上升及其对新西兰的影响的报道。我们不能放弃气候变化问题，否则为时已晚。”)”可知，JacindaArdem建议要立即解决环境变化问题，故选C。10、答案：B解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Agriculturecreatesmorethanhalfofthenation’stotalgreenhousegasemissions.Butitisalsoimportanttotheeconomyasthenation’sbiggestexportearner.(农业排放的温室气体占全国总排放量的一半以上。但它作为美国最大的出口收入来源，对经济也很重要。)”可推知，农业在国民经济中起着至关重要的作用。故选B。11、答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“DavidSeymouristheleaderofNewZealand’sACTpoliticalparty.Hesaidthatsomeoftheannouncedprogramswereproventobeineffectiveandhadbeentriedandfailedoverseas.(DavidSeymour是新西兰ACT政党的领导人。他说，已经宣布的一些项目被证明是无效的，在海外已经尝试过，但失败了。)”可推知，DavidSeymour对这些项目持怀疑的态度，故选D。12、答案：B解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段“Naturalsilence—thekindwhenyouhearnothingbutthesoundofnaturearoundyou—isbecomingincreasinglyscarce.Thenoiseofman-madecanbeheardevenintheremotecornersofnationalparksanddeepintheArcticOcean.(自然的寂静——你只能听到周围大自然的声音——正变得越来越scarce。即使在国家公园的偏远角落和北冰洋深处，也能听到人造的噪音)”可知，人造的噪音越来越多，而自然的寂静变得越来越少了。由此可知，划线词scarce与rare“少见的，不常发生的”意思接近。故选B。13、答案：C解析：主旨大意题。根据第二段“Thisishavingsometroublingeffects.Inhumans,noisepollutionhasbeenlinkedtophysical,mentalhealthproblemsandcognitiveimpairment(认知功能障碍)inchildren.Inwildlife,it’sdisturbingnavigation,pairing,communicationandcancausehearingloss.“We’relosingtheabilitytolistentonaturewithoutnoisepollution,”sayssoundrecordistMattMikkelsen.He’spartofthenon-profitorganizationQuietParksInternational,whichaimstoidentifyandpreservetheplanet’slastquietplaces.(这产生了一些令人不安的影响。对人类而言，噪音污染与儿童的身心健康问题和认知障碍有关。在野生动物中，它会干扰导航、配对、交流，并可能导致听力损失。“我们正在失去在没有噪音污染的情况下聆听大自然的能力，”录音师马特·米克尔森说。他是非营利组织“国际安静公园”的一员，该组织旨在识别和保护地球上最后的安静之地)”可知，第二段主要讲述了噪音污染的有害影响。故选C。14、答案：A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Theteamwillanalyzethesoundrecordingsfromeachlocationandconsiderthemalongsideotherdata.(研究小组将分析每个地点的录音，并将其与其他数据一起考虑)”可知，马特团队将分析录音。故选A。15、答案：D解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“Naturalsilence—thekindwhenyouhearnothingbutthesoundofnaturearoundyou—isbecomingincreasinglyscarce.Thenoiseofman-madecanbeheardevenintheremotecornersofnationalparksanddeepintheArcticOcean.(自然的寂静——你只能听到周围大自然的声音——正变得越来越稀少。即使在国家公园的偏远角落和北冰洋深处，也能听到人造的噪音)”及下文介绍可知，文章主要讲述了自然寂静越来越稀少，世界变得越来越吵这一现象。由此推知，这篇文章可能摘自一篇科学报告。故选D。16、答案：①-⑤CFADB解析：这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了一些徒步旅行的好处。①根据上文“I’mahiker—“borntohike”.Itdoesmyheartandsoulgoodtotakeapackandheadoutonatrail(小路),especiallywhenI’maloneandcanletmymindwanderwhereitwill.(我是一名徒步旅行者——“生来就是为徒步而生的”。带着背包去远足对我的身心都有好处，尤其是当我一个人的时候，我可以让我的思想在任何地方漫游)”以及后文“Hikingkeepsyourbrainsharperthanmanyotherformsofexercise.(徒步旅行比许多其他形式的运动都能让你的大脑更敏锐)”可知，本句总起下文，指出徒步旅行具有好处。故C选项“以下是徒步旅行的好处”符合语境，故选C。②根据上文“Hikingkeepsyourbrainsharperthanmanyotherformsofexercise.Asaprofessionalwriter,althoughIambusywithmywork,Ioftensparesometimetohike.(徒步旅行比许多其他形式的运动都能让你的大脑更敏锐。作为一名职业作家，虽然我工作很忙，但我经常抽出时间去远足)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文说明徒步旅行带给作者的好处。故F选项“它不仅让我感觉很好，而且还帮助我保持大脑处于最佳状态”符合语境，故选F。③根据后文“Exerciseingeneralcanbeagoodwaytodecreasestress.Butwhatsetshikingapartfromotherformsofexerciseisthathikingcanhappenalmostanywhereandgiveyouthehappinessthatyoucantakefromnature.(总的来说，锻炼是减轻压力的好方法。但徒步旅行与其他形式的运动不同之处在于，徒步旅行几乎可以在任何地方进行，并能给你从大自然中获得的快乐)”可知，本段的主旨是徒步可以带来快乐。故A选项“徒步旅行能让你保持冷静和快乐”符合语境，故选A。④根据上文“Hikingcanincreaseourcreativity.I’msureI’mnotaloneinfindingthatwalksinnatureletmymindwanderfreelyincreativedirections.(徒步旅行可以增加我们的创造力。我相信我不是唯一一个发现在大自然中散步可以让我的思想自由地朝着创造性的方向漫游的人)”以及后文“Sometimes,ideasrelevanttomusiccomeupfromunconsciousplaceswhenI’mnotdeliberatelythinking.(有时，与音乐相关的想法会在我没有刻意思考的时候从无意识的地方冒出来)”可知，本句具体举例说明徒步旅行让作者有了音乐方面的启发。故D选项“事实上，我的很多歌都是在徒步旅行时写的”符合语境，故选D。⑤根据后文“Forexample,itincreasesourconnectiontonature.Asonestudysuggests,whenwehaveapersonalconnectiontonature,wearemorelikelytowanttoprotectit.(例如，它增加了我们与自然的联系。正如一项研究表明的那样，当我们与自然有个人联系时，我们更有可能想要保护它)”可知，本句是在说明徒步让我们与自然有了关联，从而想要保护它，对地球有益。故B选项“除此之外，徒步旅行间接地有益于我们的星球”符合语境，故选B。17、答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们说:“你的发现多么伟大啊！”A.decision决定；B.schedule计划、进度表；C.discovery发现；D.statement声明、报告。根据下文的“Youhavediscoverednew____3____beyondtheseas”可知，此处指哥伦布发现了新大陆，所以是指“你的发现多么伟大”，discovery符合语境。故选C项。18、答案：B解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，在场的几个人都很羡慕他。他们开始试图让哥伦布感到不舒服。A.unhurt没有受伤的；B.uncomfortable感到不舒服的、身体不适的；C.unfortunate不幸的；D.unafraid不怕的、无畏的。根据后面“butwhatofthat?Anybodycan

____4____acrosstheoceanandanybodycancoastalongtheislandsontheotherside.”可知，这些人是在说一些哥伦布的酸话，这些话会令人不舒服，uncomfortable符合语境。故选B项。19、答案：C解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：“你在海洋之外发现了新大陆，”他们说。A.substances物质；B.oceans海洋；C.lands陆地；D.treasures珍宝。根据常识可知，哥伦布发现了新大陆，lands符合语境。故选C项。20、答案：A解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：任何人都可以横渡大洋，任何人都可以沿着大洋另一边的岛屿航行。A.sail航行；B.run跑步、经营；C.walk行走；D.hike徒步旅行、远足。根据后面的“acrosstheocean”可知，此处指横渡大洋，sail符合语境。故选A项。21、答案：D解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是世界上最简单的事情。你要做的就是向西航行。A.greatest最好的；B.worst最糟的；C.hardest最难的；D.simplest最简单的。根据后面的“Allyouneedtodoissailwest.That’snota(n)____6____feat(功绩).”可知，他们觉得只需要向西航行就行，所以是最简单的事，simplest符合语境。故选D项。22、答案：C解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并不是什么了不起的成就。A.small小的；B.useless无用的；C.remarkable引人注目的、非凡的；D.ordinary普通的、平常的。根据“Allyouneedtodoissailwest.That’snota(n)____6____

feat(功绩).”可知这些人觉得只需要向西航行就可以发现新大陆，所以并不是什么“了不起”的成就，remarkable符合语境。故选C项。23、答案：B解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：哥伦布没有回答，但过了一会儿，他从盘子里拿了一个鸡蛋，对大家说:“先生们，你们中间谁能把这个鸡蛋立起来?”A.apology道歉；B.answer回答、答复；C.mistake错误；D.secret秘密。根据上文别人说的话可知，此处指哥伦布没有作出回答，answer符合语境。故选B项。24、答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：哥伦布没有回答，但过了一会儿，他从盘子里拿了一个鸡蛋，对大家说:“先生们，你们中间谁能把这个鸡蛋立起来?”A.roll翻滚、滚动；B.sit坐下、就坐；C.fall跌倒、降落；D.stand站立、直立。根据下文“Afterthat,therewasno____14____inmakingitstandupright.”可知，此处是在问谁能把鸡蛋立起来，stand符合语境。故选D项。25、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：只有魔法师才能做到这一点。A.magician魔术师、魔法师；B.sailor水手、船员；C.planner计划者、规划者；D.doctor医生。根据前面的“That’simpossible”可知，大家都觉得不可能做到，所以此处指只有魔法师才可以做到，magician符合语境。故选A项。26、答案：C解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：坐在桌子旁的人一个接一个地尝试这个实验。A.evaluated评估；B.finished结束；C.tried尝试；D.designed设计。根据“Onebyone,thoseatthetable____10____theexperiment.”可知，此处指一个又一个人尝试了这个实验，tried符合语境。故选C项。27、答案：B解析：考查短语辨析。句意：最后，他们谁也没有成功。A.Aboveall首先、最重要的的；B.Atlast最后；C.Forinstance例如；D.Inaddition另外、此外。根据后面的“noneofthemsucceeded.”可知，试到最后，一个也没成功，atlast符合语境。故选B项。28、答案：A解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：短暂的沉默之后，哥伦布拿起鸡蛋，把它的小端轻轻地敲在桌子上，以便把蛋壳打碎一点。A.gently文静地、温柔地、轻轻地；B.helplessly无助地；C.heavily在很大程度上、大量地；D.critically严重地、很大程度上。根据后面的“soasto____13____theshell(壳)alittle”可知，哥伦布要把鸡蛋小的那一端打碎一点点，所以是轻轻地敲在桌子上，gently符合语境。故选A项。29、答案：D解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：短暂的沉默之后，哥伦布拿起鸡蛋，把它的小端轻轻地敲在桌子上，以便把蛋壳打碎一点。A.find找到、找回；B.change改变、变化；C.hide隐藏；D.break打破、打碎。根据“Columbustooktheeggandstruckitssmallend____12____uponthetable”可知，哥伦布把鸡蛋小的一端轻轻在桌子上敲一下，是为了把蛋壳打碎一点点，break符合语境。故选D项。30、答案：A解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：那样后，把它立起来就不费事了。A.trouble困难、麻烦；B.instruction指示、指导；C.reaction反应；D.point观点、见解。根据“therewasno____14____inmakingitstandupright.”可知，把鸡蛋小的一端的蛋壳敲碎一点点，立起来就不费劲了，此处trouble符合语境。故选A项。31、答案：B解析：考查动词词义辨