英语（全国卷）2024年高考第三次模拟考试（全解全析）

第第页2024年高考英语第三次模拟考试高三英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1．Whodidthewomangohikingwith?A．Herclassmate. B．Hercousin. C．Herparents.【答案】A【原文】M:Whatdidyoudolastweekend?W:Iwenthikinginthecountryside.M:Didyougowithyourparents?W:No,Iplannedtogowithmycousin,butIwentwithmyclassmateatlast.2．Whatarethespeakersmostlikelytodo?A．Haveadrink. B．Doanexperiment. C．Drawapicture.【答案】B【原文】M:Hey,Emma.Canyouhandmethealcohollamp?W:Justonemoment.Ineedtouseitforanother2minutes.M:Iwillwaittillyouarefinishedandlet’sworktogether.3．Whichcityisnextontheman’slist?A．Sicily. B．Rome. C．Florence.【答案】A【原文】W:YoumustlikeItaly.Youalwaysseemtobegoingthereonholidays.M:There’ssomuchtosee.IwenttoRometwoyearsago,FlorencelastyearandVenicethisyear.IplantogotoSicilynextyear.4．Whereareprobablythespeakers?A．Inthelibrary. B．Inthebookstore. C．Atthepolicestation.【答案】A【原文】M:ThesebooksshouldhavebeenreturnedlastFriday.W:I’msorryIforgot.CanIrenewthem?M:Yes.Butbeforethat,youhavetopayafine.5．Howistheweathernow?A．Hot. B．Warm. C．Freezing.【答案】C【原文】M:Comeon,keepclimbing!Thisisthebestexerciseyou’llgetallwinter.W:MyfacehurtsandIcan’tstoptrembling.M:Ifwepickupthepace,you’llwarmup.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。【听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。】6．Whatisthemandoing?A．Takingaroadtest. B．Directingthetraffic. C．Teachingthewomantodrive.7．Howwillthemanprobablyfeelatlast?A．Excited. B．Nervous. C．Disappointed.【答案】6．A7．C【原文】W:Watchout.You’retooclosetothevehicleinfrontofus.M:Oh,yeah.I’mjusttooexcited.W:Okay.Nowcarefully,turnrighthere,andwait,WAIT…STOP!!Youalmosthitthatman.Howintheworlddidyoupassthewrittentestanyway?M:Oh.Sorryaboutthat.Itwon’thappenagain.W:Look,Mr.Smith.Couldyoudomeafavor?Whenyoucomebacktotakethetestagain,planoncomingonFriday.M:Why?W:It’smydayoff.【听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。】8．Whosebirthdaywasityesterday?A．Mary’s. B．Jane’s. C．Mary’ssister’s.9．WhydoesMarylooktired?A．Shestayeduptypingapaper.B．Shehadthepartyforawholenight.C．Shewastoonervoustosleeplastnight.【答案】8．B9．A【原文】M:Areyoufeelingallright,Mary?Youlookprettytired.W:MysisterandIhadabirthdaypartyforJanelastnight.AfterthatIwasbusywithanotherthing.Ididn’tgetmuchsleep.M:Wheredidyouhavethepartyandwhywereyousobusy?W:Itwasintheclassroom.Then,rightaftertheparty,Ihadtostarttypingahistorypaperthatwasduethismorning.Iwaskindofnervousbecausetheprofessorsaidhewouldn’tacceptanylatepapers.【听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。】10．Howwillthewomangotothemuseum?A．Bybus. B．Bytaxi. C．Onfoot.11．Howlongwillthewomanspendonthebigstreet?A．About15minutes. B．About30minutes. C．About50minutes.12．Wherearethespeakersnow?A．Inapark. B．IntheU.S.Embassy. C．Atahotel.【答案】10．C11．B12．C【原文】W:Excuseme.CouldyoutellmehowtogettotheNatureMuseum?M:It’sratherfar.Youcancatchataxiinfrontofthehotel.W:Theweatherissonice.Isitpossibletowalkthere?M:It’sprobablya50-minutewalk.W:Thatsoundsperfect.HowdoIgetthere?M:Whenyouleavethehotel,turnleftandgostraight.Crossthatbigstreetandyou’llseeapark.Atthepark,turnright,justpastabusstop.W:OK.Isawthatyesterday.M:Thenyougostraightalongthatbigstreetforabout…oh,halfanhour.Thatstreetendswhereitmeetsalargerstreet.W:Let’ssee.I’dbegoing…north?M:Yes,ma’am.GopasttheU.S.Embassy.That’sonyourright.You’llcometoapostoffice.Themuseumisrightbehindit.W:OK.Thankyouverymuch.【听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。】13．Whatisthebestwaytostopwastingfoodaccordingtothewoman?A．Storeallthefoodinthefridge.B．Chooseasuitablesupermarket.C．Workoutaplanbeforebuying.14．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemandowhendiningout?A．Pickacheapcafé.B．Bringleftoverfoodhome.C．Eatwithreusablecontainers.15．Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthefoodwhichhasjustpassed“best-by”date?A．Itshouldbethrownaway.B．Itissafeandcanbeconsumed.C．Ithasnotpasseditspeakquality.16．Whatdothespeakersmainlytalkabout?A．Howtoreducefoodwaste.B．Howtospendlessonliving.C．Howtotreatout-of-datefood.【答案】13．C14．B15．B16．A【原文】M:MuchofthefoodIboughtendedupinthetrash,butthere’snothingIcandoaboutit.W:Ofcourseyoucandoalotaboutit.Foronething,youshouldplanahead.Beforeheadingtothesupermarket,checkwhatyoualreadyhaveathomeandplanyourmenufortheweek.It’sthekeysolutiontothefoodwasteproblem.M:Iagree.Idineoutalot.Maybethat’sthereasonwhyIspendsomuchonfood.W:Whendiningout,whetherinarestaurantoracafé,youcouldasktotakeyourleftovershome.Youneedareusablefoodcontainer,ofcourse.M:Isee.AndIfindmanyfoodshaveshortshelflife.Itgivesmeaheadache.W:Youshouldrememberthat“best-by”datesdon’taddressfoodsafety.They’reonlytheretoindicatepeakquality.M:Really?SoIcanstilleatthefood?W:Ithinkso.Butifa“use-by”datehaspassed,youshouldbecarefulandhadbetterthrowitaway.M:It’scomplicated.W:Andhowdoyoutreatthefruitsandvegetablesthatdon’tlookfresh?M:Ithrowthemaway.W:Actuallyyoucanprocessthemwithsaltorfreezetheminthefridge.Bothwayswillgivethemanotherperiodoflife.M:I’vewastedalot.W:Nowonderyouhavespentsomuchonfood.【听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。】17．HowoftendoestheYouthoftheYearprogramtakeplace?A．Onceayear. B．Twiceayear. C．Onceeverytwoyears.18．WhyistheYouthoftheImpactAwardarranged?A．Towelcomenewmemberstoaclub.B．Toinspiremembers’excellentleadershipskills.C．Topraisethemosttalentedhighschoolstudents.19．Whenwilltheeventend?A．Atabout7:30pm. B．Atabout6:30pm. C．Atabout5:30pm.20．Whatisthespeakerdoing?A．Introducinganorganization.B．Appealingforsupport. C．Advertisinganevent.【答案】17．A18．B19．A20．C【原文】M:Goodmorning,everyone.OurannualYouthoftheYearprogramengagesourhighschoolmembersinaleadershipeducationcourse.Attheendofeachyear’scourseanawardcalledtheYouthoftheImpactAwardisarranged.Ithonorsandhighlightsourmostinspiringyoungpeopleonthepathtogreatfutures,encouragingthemtogivefullplaytotheirleadershipskills.The2023YouthoftheImpactAwardEventisdrawingnear.ItwillbeheldattheBrix,260S.WashingtonSt,Carpentersville,IL60110onDecember24,2023.Itisaneveningnottobemissed.Attheevent,ourexcellentmembers’accomplishmentsandfuturegoalswillbeshownandyoucanmeetnewpeopleandenjoydeliciousfood.You’llalsoseethewinnersofthisyear.Thefinalwinnerwillreceivea$5,000collegescholarship,thememberwinningsecondplacewillreceive$2,500,andtheonewinningthirdplacewillreceive$1,000.Theeventwillbeginat5:30pmandlastforabouttwohours.Wewillbewaitingforyourshowingup.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATakeajourneyfortheweek,laughingalltheway.HolidayExpress2023–2024AttheNewYorkHistoricalSociety,ManhattanCertaintrainsareespeciallygoodattransportingchildrentoheightsofjoy.Thisyear’sexhibitionannual“HolidayExpress”,drawnfromtheJerniCollection,showsmodelelectrictrainsandaself-guidedtreasurehunt.Theshowisincludedinmuseumadmissionstartingat$6andisfreetochildrenunder5.AdventCarolandarAtJoe’sPub,ManhattanJoelWaggonerandJuliaMattisonhavecomeoutwiththeirholidaycomedyperformanceseveryDecember.Thisyear,JoelplayedtheroleofTom—thepianistinthethirdseasonofHulu’s“AdventCarolandar”,whileMattisonwrotethemusicandlinesforthecomingtheatreadaptationofthe1992film“SunshineBecomesHer”.TicketstotheshowsatJoe’sPub,whichareat7:30pmand9pm,areat$45andupat.Rock&PopAtCityWinery,ManhattanAsasingerandsongwriterinNewYork,SuzanneVegafrequentslargestagesaroundtheworld,butherhometownrootsremainstrong.Thisyearshe’shomefortheholidayswith“AnEveningofNewYorkSongsandStories”atCityWinerythatbeginsat8pm.Ticketsstartat$70on.ChristmasEveonSesameStreetAttheRedstoneTheatre,QueensSmallchildrencanseeanadaptationofO’Henry’sfamousholidaystory—“TheGiftoftheMagie”,in“ChristmasEveonSesameStreet”.It’sa1978televisionspecialthattheRedstoneTheatreisshowinginhonorofthe45thanniversaryoftheproduction’soriginalbroadcast.“ChristmasEve”isstarredbyformer“SesameStreet”actorslikeBobMcGrath.Screeningticketsstartat$9.21．Wherecanonegoforacomedyperformance?A．Joe’sPub. B．TheRedstoneTheatre.C．CityWinery. D．TheNewYorkHistoricalSociety.22．Whoworksasasingerandsongwriter?A．JoelWaggoner. B．BobMcGrath.C．SuzanneVega. D．JuliaMattison.23．Whatis“ChristmasEveonSesameStreet”?A．It’sanoriginalproductforradiobroadcast. B．It’sabouttheanniversaryofanactingcareer.C．It’saplayaboutself-guidedtreasurehunt. D．It’sanadaptationofafamousholidaystory.【答案】21．A22．C23．D【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一周旅行的地点和具体路线等细节。21．细节理解题。由文章AdventCarolandar部分中“JoelWaggonerandJuliaMattisonhavecomeoutwiththeirholidaycomedyperformanceseveryDecember.(每年12月，乔尔·瓦格纳和朱莉娅·马蒂森都会上演他们的假日喜剧表演)”可知，在Joe’sPub可以看喜剧表演。故选A。22．细节理解题。由文章Rock&Pop部分中“AsasingerandsongwriterinNewYork,SuzanneVegafrequentslargestagesaroundtheworld,butherhometownrootsremainstrong.(作为纽约的一名歌手和词曲作者，SuzanneVega经常在世界各地的大型舞台上演出，但她的家乡根基依然牢固)”可知，SuzanneVega是歌手和词曲作者。故选C。23．推理判断题。由文章ChristmasEveonSesameStreet部分中“SmallchildrencanseeanadaptationofO’Henry’sfamousholidaystory—“TheGiftoftheMagie”,in“ChristmasEveonSesameStreet”.

It’sa1978televisionspecialthattheRedstoneTheatreisshowinginhonorofthe45thanniversaryoftheproduction’soriginalbroadcast.(在《芝麻街的平安夜》中，小孩子们可以看到改编自欧亨利著名的节日故事——《麦琪的礼物》。这是一部1978年的电视特别节目，红石剧院正在播放，以纪念这部作品最初播出45周年)”可推知，《芝麻街的平安夜》是根据一个著名的节日故事改编的。故选D。BTheworld’snationshavepromisedtolimitglobaltemperatureincreasesto1.5degreesoverpre-industriallevels,whichinvolvesshuttingdownfossilfuelextraction(化石燃料开采)asquicklyaspossible.Butdespitethispromise,firstreachedsixyearsagoduringtheParisClimateAccords,thefossil-fuelproducingnationsareontracktoextractmorethantwiceasmuchcoal,oilandnaturalgasaswouldbepermissibleunderthisplan,anewUnitedNationsreportsays.Tohaveachanceoflimitingtemperatureincreasesto1.5degrees,productionofcoalneedstodropby11%everyyearbetween2020and2030.whileproductionofoilandgasneedstodropby4%and3%,respectively,thereportfinds.Instead,productionofoilandgasissettoincrease,whilecoalproductionisprojectedtodropslightly.Theso-calledproductiongap,thedifferencebetweencountries’climatepromisesandtheirfossilfuelproductionplans—hasn’tchangedsincetheUnitedNationsfirstexamineditin2019,indicatingthatinternationalclimateaccordsarestillclosertotheoreticalpromisesthandetailedplans.Thereportlooksatfossilfuelproductionin15countries—includingAustralia,Brazil,Canada,India,theU.S.andtheUnitedKingdom—hatarecollectivelyresponsibleforthree-quartersoftheworld’sfossilfuelproduction.Mostofthesecountrieshavepromisedtoreachzeroemissionsbymid-century,buttheyareplanningtoincreasetheirfossilfuelextractionuntilatleast2030.Sofar,climateeffortsfrommajorfossilfuelextractors,includingindustry,have“focusedonextractingfossilfuelsinless-pollutingways,notonwindingdownproductionlevelsinlinewithclimategoals,”thereportsays.Whiletheseefforts,suchasdevelopingcarbon-capture(碳捕捉)technologyandreducingmethaneleaks(甲烷泄露)areimportant.theyfallfarshortofthechangessciencedemandsifglobaltemperaturesaretostayatalivablelevel.Toclosethatgap,thereporturgesgovernmentstomakerealisticplansforwindingdownfossilfuelextraction,startingwithstate-ownedcompanies,whicharcresponsibleformorethanhalftheworld’sextractionofsuchfuels.24．WhatdoesthenewUnitedNationsreportsay?A．Climatepromisesarebeingmadeworldwide.B．Fossilfuelsarcbeingextractedinlargequantities.C．Globaltemperaturewillsoonincreaseby1.5degrees.D．Productionofcoalwilldropsharplyinthenextdecade.25．Whyarethefiguresmentionedinparagraph2?A．Toimplyanenergycrisis.B．Toshowtheeffortsmadebynow.C．Toindicatehowtoclosetheproductiongap.D．TostressthegoaloftheParisClimateAccords.26．Whatcanwesayaboutmostofthe15countries?A．Theywillachievezeroemissionsby2030.B．Theythinklittleofcarbon-capturetechnology.C．TheyshouldturntotheUnitedNationsforhelp.D．Theyareonthewaytobreakingtheirpromises.27．Whichshouldactfirsttobringustowardsalivableclimatefuture?A．Coalminesownedbythegovernment. B．Gasstationsrunbyprivatecompanies.C．Powerplantsownedbythegovernment. D．Carfactoriesrunbyprivatecompanies.【答案】24．B25．C26．D27．A【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了联合国的一份新报告称，化石燃料的开采量仍然很大。并介绍了如何缩小开采量，以便有机会将气温上升限制在1.5度以内。24．推理判断题。由文章第一段中“Butdespitethispromise,firstreachedsixyearsagoduringtheParisClimateAccords,thefossil-fuelproducingnationsareontracktoextractmorethantwiceasmuchcoal,oilandnaturalgasaswouldbepermissibleunderthisplan,anewUnitedNationsreportsays.(联合国的一份新报告称，尽管六年前《巴黎气候协定》首次做出了这一承诺，但化石燃料生产国的煤炭、石油和天然气开采量仍是该计划允许开采量的两倍多)”可推知，化石燃料正在被大量开采。故选B。25．推理判断题。由文章第二段“Tohaveachanceoflimitingtemperatureincreasesto1.5degrees,productionofcoalneedstodropby11%everyyearbetween2020and2030.

whileproductionofoilandgasneedstodropby4%and3%,respectively,thereportfinds.

Instead,productionofoilandgasissettoincrease,whilecoalproductionisprojectedtodropslightly.(为了有机会将气温上升限制在1.5度以内，煤炭产量需要在2020年至2030年间每年下降11%。报告发现，石油和天然气的产量需要分别下降4%和3%。相反，石油和天然气的产量将会增加，而煤炭产量预计将略有下降)”可推知，第2段提到这些数字是为了指出如何缩小生产的差距。故选C。26．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Thereportlooksatfossilfuelproductionin15countries—includingAustralia,Brazil,Canada,India,theU.S.andtheUnitedKingdom—hatarecollectivelyresponsibleforthree-quartersoftheworld’sfossilfuelproduction.Mostofthesecountrieshavepromisedtoreachzeroemissionsbymid-century,buttheyareplanningtoincreasetheirfossilfuelextractionuntilatleast2030.(该报告调查了15个国家的化石燃料产量，包括澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大、印度、美国和英国，这些国家的化石燃料产量占世界化石燃料产量的四分之三。这些国家大多承诺到本世纪中叶实现零排放，但它们计划至少在2030年之前增加化石燃料的开采)”可推知，这15个国家中的大多数正在违背诺言。故选D。27．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Toclosethatgap,thereporturgesgovernmentstomakerealisticplansforwindingdownfossilfuelextraction,startingwithstate-ownedcompanies,whicharcresponsibleformorethanhalftheworld’sextractionofsuchfuels.(为了缩小这一差距，报告敦促各国政府制定切实可行的计划，逐步减少化石燃料的开采，从国有企业开始，这些企业占全球化石燃料开采的一半以上)”可推知，政府所有的煤矿应该首先采取行动，将我们带向宜居的气候未来。故选A。CAgrowingnumberofunder-35sinEnglandarediscoveringthejoysofgoingtoorsellingatcraft(手艺)fairsandmakers’markets.A2019reportfoundthat34%ofthosewhobuyhand-madeitemsprefermarketsandfestivalstogalleriesoronlinepurchases.Thecurrentcraftrevival(复苏)startedthroughTVandtheinternet,butnowit’salsoaboutface-to-facesalesandexperiences.WhenproductdesignerBenWatsonwenttohisfirst-evercraftfairinOctober,hedidn’thavegreatexpectations.“Ithoughttherewouldberetirement-agecoupleshangingaroundbutfoundthehugevarietyofattendees,mostofwhomengagedwithmakersthroughouttheday,”hesays.NickyDewar,directorattheCraftsCouncil,saysthatwhatweconsiderascrafthaswidened,whichhasbroughtinanincreaseinshoppersunder35buyingcraft.Theyalsoprefertobuyinmarketsratherthanonline.There’ssomethinglovelyaboutseeingmarketspopupinsomanydifferentspaces.They’reimportantforemergingbusinessesandabigstepfortraders.SineadKoehler,founderofCraftyFoxMarket,saysthere’sbeenanexplosionofspecialistmarketsalloverthecountry.Thefestivemarketprovidesaplatformtoshowcaseuniquehandcraftedgiftsanddecorations.Thecommonspreadofmarketsdoesn’tfinduniversalapproval,though.Koehlersaysthatmanycraftspeopleareawareofmarkets:“Therecanbeawiderangeofpossibilitiesattheseevents.Qualitycanvary.”Involvedinsellingandrunningmarketssince2015,SineadO’Connorconfirmstherehasbeenanincreasedinterestincraft,butshewarnstradersagainstsellingitemsthataresourcedratherthanmadebytheselleratmarkets.“Ifinditencouragingthatalotofcustomersmentionedtheylikedmycrafts.ThefeelingIgetisthatpeoplereallylikesomethingthatcan’tbeboughtfromAmazon,”shesays.28．Whatdidthe2019reportfindaboutone-thirdofcraftbuyers?A．Theyturnonlineforagooddeal. B．Theyusesourcesfromtelevision.C．Theyfavorface-to-facepurchases. D．Theyshowlessinterestincrafts.29．WhatarecraftspeopleworriedaboutaccordingtoSineadKoehler?A．Peopledon’thaveacorrectunderstandingofcraft.B．Thequalitiesoftheitemsinthemarketsdifferalot.C．There’salackofwellqualifiedcraftsinthemarkets.D．Theonlinecraftbusinessesareathreattogalleries.30．WhydoesSineadO’Connorfeelencouraged?A．Manyconsumersappreciateheritems. B．She’scarefulabouttheitemssold.C．Sheenjoysaboominbusiness. D．Hercustomersarecritical.31．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．OnlinePurchaseBecomesOutdated B．BuyersCreateInterestinMakingCraftC．ShoppinginStoresIsMakingaReturn D．TheMagicofHand-MadeCraftIsBack【答案】28．C29．B30．A31．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了越来越多的人喜欢在市场购买手工艺品的原因、手工艺品市场的现状等。28．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“A2019reportfoundthat34%ofthosewhobuyhand-madeitemsprefermarketsandfestivalstogalleriesoronlinepurchases.(2019年的一份报告发现，34%购买手工制品的人更喜欢市场和节日，而不是画廊或网上购物)”可知，2019年的报告发现，约三分之一的工艺品买家喜欢面对面购买。故选C。29．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Koehlersaysthatmanycraftspeopleareawareofmarkets:“Therecanbeawiderangeofpossibilitiesattheseevents.Qualitycanvary.”(Koehler说，许多手工艺人都意识到市场：“在这些活动中，可能会有很多可能性。质量参差不齐。”)”可知，工匠们担心市场上商品的质量差别很大。故选B。30．细节理解题。由文章最后一段中“Ifinditencouragingthatalotofcustomersmentionedtheylikedmycrafts.(很多顾客提到他们喜欢我的工艺品，这让我感到鼓舞)”可知，许多消费者欣赏SineadO’Connor的商品，这让SineadO’Connor感到鼓舞。故选A。31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Agrowingnumberofunder-35sinEnglandarediscoveringthejoysofgoingtoorsellingatcraftfairsandmakers’markets.(在英国，越来越多的35岁以下的人发现了参加手工艺品博览会和制造商市场的乐趣。)”可知，文章主要介绍了越来越多的人喜欢在市场购买手工艺品的原因、手工艺品市场的现状等。由此可知，D选项“TheMagicofHand-MadeCraftIsBack(手工工艺的魔力回来了)”适合作本文标题。故选D。DAsawarenessofclimatechangegrows,sodoesthedesiretodosomethingaboutit.Butthescaleoftheproblemsitcauses—fromwildfirestomeltingglacierstodroughts—canseemutterlyoverwhelming.Itcanbehardtomakeaconnectionbetweenoureverydaylivesandthesurvivalofpolarbears,letalonehowweasindividualscanhelpturnthesituationaround.Onewaytogainaquantifiableunderstandingoftheimpactsofouractions,forgoodandbad,isthroughwhatisknownasacarbonfootprint.Butwhiletheconceptisgainingtraction,itisnotalwaysfullyunderstood.AccordingtoMikeBerners-Lee,aprofessoratLancasterUniversityintheUKandauthorofTheCarbonFootprintofEverything,itis“thesumtotalofallthegreenhousegasemissionsthathadtotakeplaceinorderforaproducttobeproducedorforanactivitytotakeplace.”Whatstepsapersoncantaketoreducetheirpersonalfootprintthemostofcoursedependsonthekindoflifestyletheypresentlylive,andthesameactionsarenotequallyeffectiveforeveryone.Berners-Leenotesthat,“forsomepeople,flyingmaybe10percentoftheirfootprint,forsomepeopleit’szero,andforsomeit’ssuchahugenumberthatitshouldbetheonlythingtheyshouldbethinkingabout.”Itisn’teasytocalculateacarbonfootprintandithasbeenclaimedthattheearliestsuchcalculatorappearedin2004aspartofthe“BeyondPetroleum”campaignofoilgiantBP—afactthatcausessomeobserverstocriticizethepressuretoreducepersonalcarbonfootprintsasa“sham”to“promotetheslantthatclimatechangeisnotthefaultofanoilgiant,butthatofindividuals.”“Iwouldsaypersonalcarbonfootprintcalculatorsareausefultooltoassesstheimpactofyourimmediateactions.”Berners-Leesays.“Butwhat’smuchmoreimportantthanyourpersonalcarbonfootprintisyourclimateshadow,whichaimstopaintapictureofthefullsumofone’schoicesandtheimpacttheyhaveontheplanet.Forexample,howyouvote,whereyouwork,howyouinvestyourmoney,andhowmuchyoutalkaboutclimatechange.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“traction”inparagraph2probablymean?A．attention B．insight C．control D．power33．HowdoesBerners-Leeexplainhisopinionaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Bypresentingafact B．BymakingacomparisonC．Byclarifyingaconcept D．Bygivingsuggestions34．Whatistheobservers’attitudetothe“BeyondPetroleum”campaignofoilgiantBP?A．unclear B．favorable C．indifferent D．disapproving35．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Toolsaremoreimportantthanchoices. B．Onlyindividualsareresponsibleforclimatechange.C．Climateshadowcoversabroadrangeofactions. D．Calculatingcarbonfootprintisthemosteffective.【答案】32．A33．B34．D35．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了碳足迹的定义、如何通过碳足迹可以量化地了解我们的行为的影响。32．词句猜测题。由文章第一段中“Asawarenessofclimatechangegrows,sodoesthedesiretodosomethingaboutit.(随着人们对气候变化的意识日益增强，对气候变化采取行动的愿望也越来越强烈。)”和第二段中“Onewaytogainaquantifiableunderstandingoftheimpactsofouractions,forgoodandbad,isthroughwhatisknownasacarbonfootprint.Butwhiletheconceptisgaining...(有一种方法可以量化地了解我们的行为的影响，无论是好是坏，那就是通过所谓的碳足迹。但是，虽然这个概念越来越……)”可知，人们对气候变化的意识日益增强，对气候变化采取行动的愿望也越来越强烈，所以碳足迹这个概念越来越受到关注，划线词的含义为“关注”。A.attention注意；B.insight洞察力；C.control控制；D.power权力。故选A。33．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Berners-Leenotesthat,“forsomepeople,flyingmaybe10percentoftheirfootprint,forsomepeopleit’szero,andforsomeit’ssuchahugenumberthatitshouldbetheonlythingtheyshouldbethinkingabout.”(伯纳斯-李指出，“对一些人来说，飞行可能占他们足迹的10%，对一些人来说，这是零，对一些人来说，这是一个巨大的数字，应该是他们唯一应该考虑的事情。”)”可知，Berners-Lee通过进行比较解释他的观点。故选B。34．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Itisn’teasytocalculateacarbonfootprintandithasbeenclaimedthattheearliestsuchcalculatorappearedin2004aspartofthe“BeyondPetroleum”campaignofoilgiantBP—afactthatcausessomeobserverstocriticizethepressuretoreducepersonalcarbonfootprintsasa“sham”to“promotetheslantthatclimatechangeisnotthefaultofanoilgiant,butthatofindividuals.”(计算碳足迹并不容易，据称最早的此类计算器出现在2004年，是石油巨头英国石油公司“超越石油”运动的一部分。这一事实导致一些观察家批评减少个人碳足迹的压力是“骗局”以“宣扬气候变化不是石油巨头的错，而是个人的错”。)”可知，观察家们对石油巨头英国石油公司的“超越石油”运动持反对态度。故选D。35．推理判断题。由文章最后一段中““Iwouldsaypersonalcarbonfootprintcalculatorsareausefultooltoassesstheimpactofyourimmediateactions.”Berners-Leesays.“Butwhat’smuchmoreimportantthanyourpersonalcarbonfootprintisyourclimateshadow,whichaimstopaintapictureofthefullsumofone’schoicesandtheimpacttheyhaveontheplanet.Forexample,howyouvote,whereyouwork,howyouinvestyourmoney,andhowmuchyoutalkaboutclimatechange.(“我想说，个人碳足迹计算器是一个有用的工具，可以评估你的即时行动的影响。”伯纳斯-李说。“但比你的个人碳足迹更重要的是你的气候阴影，它旨在描绘一个人的选择及其对地球的影响的全貌。例如，你如何投票，在哪里工作，如何投资，以及你对气候变化的谈论程度。)”可知，气候阴影涵盖了广泛的行动。故选C。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Someoftheoldestlivingthingsonourremarkableplanetaretrees.Therecordholdersarebristleconepines(狐尾松)ofthewesternUnitedStates,quiteafewofwhichareknowntobemorethan3,000yearsold.Oneindividual,discoveredin2012,isestimatedtobemorethan5,060yearsold,makingittheoldestknownnon-clonaltreeintheworld!36:individualsacrossanumberofothertreespecieshavealsobeenaroundforthousandsofyears.So,howdotreessurviveforthousandsofyears?37.Undoubtedly,partoftheanswerliesinluck.Ancienttreeshaveobviouslynotsubmittedtodeadlydiseases,pests,fires,droughts,windstorms,landslides,orthehumanaxeinthecenturiesandcenturiesthattheyhavequietlyendured.Theotherpartoftheanswerhastodowithhowtreesage.Infact,thereisquiteadebateaboutwhetherancienttreescanbeconsidered“immortal(永生的)”.Thatis,willsuchtreeseverdieiftheyarenotkilledbyanoutsideforce?Wemayneverknowtheanswertothat,but,attheveryleast,38.Whilecelldeathisanimportantfactorintheagingofhumansandotheranimals,onestudyfoundlittleevidenceofcelldeathintheginkgotreevascularcambium(银杏树维管形成层).Inaddition,astudyofbristleconepinepollen(花粉)foundnosignificantincreaseinmutation(变异)rateswithage,whichisanotherfactorassociatedwithanimalaging.39.Oldertreesbenefitgreatlyfromhavingbodiesmademostlyofdeadwoodytissue.Infact,anoldtreemightbeasmuchas95percentdeadtissue!Giventhatitisn’talive,wooddoesnotrequiremetabolic(新陈代谢的)activitytomaintainit,40.A．soanoldtreedoesn’treallyneedtodomuchtokeeplivingB．ThisisaquestionthathassomethingtodowiththegoodluckoftreesC．However,bristleconesarecertainlynotaloneintermsoftheoldestcreaturesD．ThisisafascinatingquestionforbiologiststhatdoesnotyethaveasettledanswerE．What’smore,someancienttreeshavesuperiorchemicaldefensesagainstpestsanddiseasesF．whichmeansthattreescansurviveeverywherewithoutbeinglimitedbyexternalandinternalconditionsG．weknowthatancienttreesageinwaysthataredramaticallydifferentfromthewaysthatmostanimalsandevenotherplantsage【答案】36．C37．B38．G39．D40．A【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了古树寿命长的原因。36．由上文“Therecordholdersarebristleconepines(狐尾松)ofthewesternUnitedStates,quiteafewofwhichareknowntobemorethan3,000yearsold.Oneindividual,discoveredin2012,isestimatedtobemorethan5,060yearsold,makingittheoldestknownnon-clonaltreeintheworld!(在我