北京高考英语真题及答案解析汇编：语法（2017-2021年）

语法

（2017年北京卷真题）

1.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.

A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need

2.-Peter,pleasesenduspostcardswe'Hknowwhereyouhavevisited.

-Noproblem.

A.butB.orC.forD.so

3.Everyyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.

A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever

4.-thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?

-Yes.Theyarehappywithit.

A.DidyoucallB.Haveyoucalled

C.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling

5.birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.

A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because

6.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingshewasheading.

A.whyB.whereC.howD.when

7.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetheirvaluable

time.

A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saved

8.Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople

youfigureitout.

A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.since

9.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones

yet.

A.haven'tinventedB.haven'tbeeninvented

C.hadn'tinventedD.hadn'tbeeninvented

10.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,______frombutterfliestoelephants.

A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.ranged

11.Thelittleproblems—____wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

A.thatB.asC.whereD.when

12.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytime______withhisstudents.

A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

13.Peoplebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey9relivinglongerasa

result.

A.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.hadhad

14.Ifthenewsafetysystemtouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.

A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput

15.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealivingfishingindustry.

A.atB.inC.onD.by

（2018年北京卷真题）

1.-Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround.

-Hello,Peter.TmBob.IjustonMonday.

A.startB.havestartedC.startedD.hadstarted

2.wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.

A.AlthoughB.WhileC.C.IfD.Until

3.alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.

A.TravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled

4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisited

herlastyear.

A.isworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked

5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.

A.whichB.whoC.asD.that

6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogetherameal,admire

themoonandenjoymooncakes.

A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared

7.China'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.

A.aregrowingB.havegrownC.willgrowD.hadgrown

8.Inanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthe

helpyouneed.

A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressed

9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfbrtwodays.

A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped

10.Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.

A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use

11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.

A.howB.whenC.whereD.why

12.Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.

A.needB.shouldC.canD.must

13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyafewmorekilometers.

A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven

14.-Goodmorning,Mr.Lee'soffice.

-Goodmorning.TdliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesdayafternoon.

A.forB.onC.inD.at

15.Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.

A.howB.whichC.thatD.what

(2019年北京卷真题)

A

Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I(1)

(voice)mybiggestconcerntomymother,t4HowwillImakefriends?^^Shehandedmeadvice,

“Beyourself.Forthepast20years,Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecome

partoftherealworld.Nervously(2)(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto(3)(I)

thetwosimplewords"Beyourself'.

B

EarthDay,(4)(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawareness

aboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated(5)1970,theDaynowincludeseventsin

morethan190countriesandregions(地区).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytoget

involvedinvarious(6)(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwith

locallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.

C

Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion(7)

(suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesn't.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmore

than(8)theygo.Thestudentsbenefittingmostfromcollegearethose(9)aretotally

engaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege?schancesandresources(资源).

Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,

andit'snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand(10)(meaning)

collegeexperience.

(2020年北京卷真题)

A

OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood(1)(play)abigroleinhislife.

“Mymumwasagreatcook,andshe'dsometimesletmehaveatry,“hesaid.ThefirstdishOliver

preparedforhisfamilywasfriedchickenwings.Hemadeitwithhismum'shelp.Oliversaysif

you9re(2)(luck)enoughtohave

someoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem(3)youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.

B

Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey(4)(throw)away.It

takesthemhundredsofyears(5)(break)down.Manyofthesebagsendupintheocean

wherelargeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.Overtime,thebagsfallapart

(6)countlesstinypieces,andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.Now,lotsof(7)

(country)andregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostoppeopleusingthem.

C

Apieceofstone(8)(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,

knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.TheNeanderthals(9)(live)

alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000

yearsago.Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathuman

ancestorswere(10)(smart)thantheNeanderthals.However,thestonetoolmadeby

Neanderthalssuggestsotherwise.

(2021年北京卷真题)

A

Whydowedream?Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse(11)(idea).

Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrough

everything(12)happenedduringtheday,tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.As

it(13)(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.

B

Samisanin-real-lifestreamer(播主)，andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday.

Whileridinghisbikehome(14)acoldnight,hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywoman

wanderingthestreetsbyherself.Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout(15)

shelived.Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould(16)

(safe)waitforthepolicetotakeherhome.

C

There(17)(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20

years,(18)(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromthe

UnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,(19)

(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss.Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimate

change.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed(20)(invest)indisasterprevention.

专题01语法

（2017年北京卷真题）

1.Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.

A.mustB.shouldC.canD.need

【答案】c

【解析】此题考查情态动词；我们班最高的男孩Samuel,很轻松就能够到书架的最上面。这

里考察情态动词can表示能力，意为“可以，能”；故此题正确答案是C。

2.-Peter,pleasesenduspostcardswe'llknowwhereyouhavevisited.

-Noproblem.

A.butB.orC.forD.so

【答案】D

【解析】此题考查连词；具体考查两句句意的逻辑关系。根据句意Peter请给我们寄些名

信片，那么我们到时候就知道你们到哪了。-没问题。”这里表示因果，发了明信片，所以我

们才能知道，选so；故此题正确答案是D。

3.Everyyear,makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.

A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever

【答案】B

【解析】此题考杳名词性从句；删掉从句(makesthemostbeautifulkite)主句缺主语，

判定是主语从句，从句中缺主语，且指人，用whoever；故此题正确答案是B。

4.-thatcompanytoseehowtheythinkofourproductyesterday?

-Yes.Theyarehappywithit.

A.DidyoucallB.Haveyoucalled

C.WillyoucallD.Wereyoucalling

【答案】A

【解析】此题考查时态；首先寻找时间状语yesterday,其次这里不强调动作正在发生，所以

使用•般过去时；故此题正确答案是A。

5.birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.

A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because

【答案】C

【解析】此题考查状语从句；句中两句话分别为完整句，所以此题考查两句之间的逻辑关系，

羽毛在认知中都是用来飞翔，但是也有其他的目的，前后句意转折，选择although；故此题正

确答案是C。

6.Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowingshewasheading.

A.whyB.whereC.howD.when

【答案】B

【解析】此题考查名词性从句；首先notknowing后缺宾语，判断从句为宾语从句，再判断从

句中不缺主要成分，句中head为不及物动词，意为“前往”，所以根据句意为前往哪里，选

where；故此题正确答案是B。

7.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetheirvaluable

time.

A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saved

【答案】C

【解析】此题考查非谓语动词；句中有主语和谓语动词，同口寸没有连接词，所以判断选择非

谓语动词，同时根据句意判断save为主动未发生，所以选择t。do表目的，意为“为了”；故

此题正确答案是C。

8.Ifyoudon'tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople

youfigureitout.

A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.since

【答案】C

【解析】此题考查状语从句；句中两句话分别为完整句，所以此题考查两句之间的逻辑关系，

这里表示时间，强调从不明白直到弄明白；故此题正确答案是C。

9.Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwirelessphones

yet.

A.haven'tinventedB.haven'tbeeninvented

C.hadn'tinventedD.hadn'tbeeninvented

【答案】D

【解析】此题考查时态语态；先判断主被动，因“无线电话是被发明的”所以排除A和C；

时态标志词inthe1950s说明动作发生在过去；yet=uplillthen（到过去那时为止），故用过去完

成时；故此题正确答案是D。

10.Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,frombutterfliestoelephants.

A.rangingB.rangeC.torangeD.ranged

【答案】A

【解析】此题考查非谓语动词；根据句子含有谓语动词has,所以排除动词原形B项；且逗

号后排除todo;非谓语动词range与其逻辑主语nationalpark为主动关系；故此题正确答案是

Ao

11.Thelittleproblemswemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.

A.thatB.asC.whereD.when

【答案】A

【解析】此题考查定语从句；根据主句完整且空前为名词判定为定语从句，从句部分meet

后缺少宾语且先行词为problems；故此题正确答案是A。

12.Jimhasretired,buthestillremembersthehappytimewithhisstudents.

A.tospendB.spendC.spendingD.spent

【答案】D

【解析】此题考查非谓语动词；根据连词but前后均有谓语，故排除B项，非谓语动词spend

与其逻辑主语thehappytime为被动关系；故此题正确答案是D。

13.Peoplebetteraccesstohealthcarethantheyusedto,andthey'relivinglongerasa

result.

A.willhaveB.haveC.hadD.hadhad

【答案】B

【解析】此题考查时态；than表示“比较关系”；than后usedto表示过去；根据句义及后半

句时态为现在时，可知题目将过去与现在进行比较；故此题正确答案是B。

14.Ifthenewsafetysystemtouse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.

A.hadbeenputB.wereputC.shouldbeputD.wouldbeput

【答案】A

【解析】此题考查虚拟语气；根据句意“如果新的安全系统投入使用了，事故就不会发生了。”

可知主从句发生在同一时间段，主句是对过去进行虚拟，故if从句用haddone且“系统是被

投入使用”故用hadbeenput；故此题正确答案是A。

15.Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealivingfishingindustry.

A.atB.inC.onD.by

【答案】B

【解析】此题考查介词；根据“makealiving”是“谋生”的意思，介词后是捕鱼业，in表示

“在…里"，所以"makealivinginfishingindustry”表示"在捕鱼行业谋生"；"by"是"凭借，

以…”的意思，若题干没有industry，只有fishing,选by可表示“靠捕鱼为生”。故此题正确

答案是B。

（2018年北京卷真题）

1.-Hi,I'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven'tseenyouaround.

-Hello,Peter.TmBob.IjustonMonday.

A.startB.havestartedC.startedD.hadstarted

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查时态；句子中的时间状语是onMonday,但并不知道周一是过去、现在还

是将来，所以还是要根据句意去推测表达意图，说话人想说的周一是过去的时间，且表示过去

的一个事实结果，所以选择一般过去时态；故正确答案是Co

2.wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.

A.AlthoughB.WhileC.C.IfD.Until

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查状语从句从属连词的选择；根据句意“如果我们不制止气候变暖，那在世

界上的很多动植物都会消失。”可知是条件状语从句；故正确答案是Co

3.alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.

A.TravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查非谓语；非谓语在句中做主语选doing；故正确答案是Bo

4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisited

herlastyear.

A.isworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查时态；空格后有when引导的时间状语从句表示过去，且表示当时正在做

这样一份工作；故正确答案是B。

5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit.

A.whichB.whoC.asD.that

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查定语从句；主句完整从句不完整，从句前有逗号，且空格指代她们骑车这

件事儿；故正确答案是Ao

6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogetherameal,admire

themoonandenjoymooncakes.

A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词；toshare表示gathertogether的目的；故正确答案是B。

7.China'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.

A.aregrowingB.havegrownC.willgrowD.hadgrown

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查时态；inthepastfewyears是现在完成时的时间标志词；故正确答案是B。

8.Inanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthe

helpyouneed.

A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressed

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词；句中有and连接两个句子，所以空格位置需要选择谓语动词

而不是非谓语，且空格在句首是祈使句，所以需要用动词原形；故正确答案是Ao

9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhointhemountainsfortwodays.

A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查时态；困在山中发生在冒生命危险之前，冒生命危险出现了risked一般过

去时，困在山中发生在risked之前用过去的过去，应该用过去完成时且是被动；故正确答案

是Do

10.Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.

A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词；逻辑主语为香皂，和使用之间是被动关系；故正确答案是Ao

11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.

A.howB.whenC.whereD.why

【答案】c

【解析】本题考查名词性从句的表语从句；根据句意“没有他的支持，我们不能到达目前的

地步”选择Where,故正确答案是C。

12.Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.

A.needB.shouldC.canD.must

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查情态动词；根据句意“在当今信息时代，对于一家公司，数据的丢失可能

会导致严重的问题。”can表示客观发生的可能性的推测，故正确答案是Co

13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyafewmorekilometers.

A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查虚拟语气；选项识别考点虚拟语气，空格在从句且说的是过去，所以had

done；故正确答案是Do

14.-Goodmorning,Mr.Lee'soffice.

-Goodmorning.TdliketomakeanappointmentnextWednesdayafternoon.

A.forB.onC.inD.at

【答案】A

【解析】本题考查介词；打电话来的目的是约下周三下午，所以用for；故正确答案是A。

15.Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.

A.howB.whichC.thatD.what

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查名词性从句；主句缺表语不完整，从句缺宾语不完整，主从句都不完整只

能选what；故正确答案是Do

(2019年北京卷真题)

A

Onthefirstdayofmyfirstgrade,Istoodbythedoorwithbutterfliesinmystomach.I(1)

(voice)mybiggestconcerntomymother,llHowwillImakefriends?^^Shehandedmeadvice,

“Beyourself.^^Forthepast20years,Ihavelivedbythesewords.SoonIwillgraduateandbecome

partoftherealworld.Nervously(2)(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhisperto(3)(I)

thetwosimplewords“Beyourself'.

1.［答案】voiced

【解析】本题考查时态语态；提示词voice为动词，整句缺少谓语动词，主语I和动词

提示词voice为主动关系，翻译成“我表达…”，又因上一句的stood和下一句的handed可以

确定空格时态为一般过去时；故正确答案是voiced。

2.【答案】facing

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词；提示词face为动词，而本句的谓语动词是know,因

此可判定本题需填非谓语动词；而非谓语动词的逻辑主语是I和face之间为主动关系；又通

过翻译”面临着众多挑战，我知道…”可知，face和know为同时关系；故正确答案是facing。

3.【答案】myself

【解析】本题考查代词；根据提示词I和本句“我会悄声对我自己说…”的语义可知，

应填“我自己”；故正确答案是myselfo

B

EarthDay,(4)(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawareness

aboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated(5)1970,theDaynowincludeseventsin

morethan190countriesandregions(地区).Nomatterwhatyouliketodo,thereisawaytoget

involvedinvarious(6)(activity)onEarthDay.Youcanplantatree,makeamealwith

locallygrownvegetables,orsavepower—thepossibilitiesareendless.

4.【答案】marked

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词；提示词mark为动词，而本句谓语动词为is,因此可判

定本题需填非谓语动词；mark的逻辑主语为EarthDay,主语和动词mark之间为被动关系,

II已完成；故正确答案是marked。

5.【答案】in

【解析】本题考查介词；考查“in+年份”，在某年；故正确答案是in。

6.【答案】activities

【解析】本题考查名词；提示词activity为名词，通过前面的various"各种各样的”

可知，空格应填名词的复数形式；故正确答案是activitieso

C

Doesthenameofthecollegeyouattendreallymatter?Researchonthequestion(7)

(suggest)that,formoststudents,itdoesn't.Whatstudentsdoatcollegeseemstomattermuchmore

than(8)theygo.Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose(9)aretotally

engaged(参与)inacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege;schancesandresources(资源).

Studentsshouldhaveaproperattitudetowardscollegebeforethinkingaboutwhichcollegetoattend,

andit'snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyand(10)(meaning)

collegeexperience.

7.【答案】suggests

【解析】本题考查时态语态；提示词suggest为动词，而that之前的主句部分缺少谓语

动词，主语research和suggest之间为主动关系，又因前一句的does和本句的doesn't可

确定，时态为一般现在时；主语research后suggest用第三人称单数形式；故正确答案是

suggestso

8.【答案】where

【解析】本题考查宾语从句；通过本句可以看出，主句than后缺宾语，而从句通过翻译

“学生在大学所做的事要比他们去哪儿重要的多”可知缺地点的语义；故正确答案是where。

9.【答案】who

【解析】本题考查定语从句；通过本句可以看出，主句完整，而从句不完整，缺主语，

因此考查定语从句中的关系代词；通过翻译可知，此处代替的是students,指人；故正确答

案是whoo

10.【答案】meaningful

【解析】本题考查词性转换；根据空格前and并列的形容词healthy,可知空格应填

meaning的形容词形式；故正确答案是meaningfuL

(2020年北京卷真题)

A

OliverisahostofaTVprogrammeonfood.Hesaysfood(1)(play)abigroleinhislife.

“Mymumwasagreatcook,andshe'dsometimesletmehaveatry,"hesaid.ThefirstdishOliver

preparedforhisfamilywasfriedchickenwings.Hemadeitwithhismum'shelp.Oliversaysif

you're(2)(luck)enoughtohave

someoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthem(3)youcanjoininwhenit'spossible.

1.［答案］plays/hasplayed/isplaying/hasbeenplaying

【解析】本题考查时态语态；提示词play为动词，整句缺少谓语动词，主语food和动

词提示词play为主动关系，翻译成“食物在他的生活中扮演着重要的角色”，既可以作为表

示一个客观事实，也可以表示一种长期以来的状态，全文语境整体为现在时间；故正确答案

是plays/hasplayed/isplaying/hasbeenplayingo

2.【答案】lucky

【解析】本题考查词性转换；根据空格前you're,are是系动词，表示“如果你足够幸

运……”,可知空格应填luck的形容词形式；故正确答案是luckyo

3.【答案】whether/if

【解析】本题考查宾语从句；主句谓语ask要求双宾语，所以空格开始是宾语从句，从

句看似不完整，其实是省略了跟上文重复的宾语，所以从句其实完整，本句表达的意思是，

必要的时候问他们你是否可以参加；故正确答案是whether/ifo

B

Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey(4)(throw)away.It

takesthemhundredsofyears(5)(break)down.Manyofthesebagsendupintheocean

wherelargeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.Overtime,thebagsfallapart

(6)countlesstinypieces,andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.Now,lotsof(7)

(country)andregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostoppeopleusingthem.

4.【答案】arethrown

【解析】本题考查时态语态；主句谓语动词用一般现在时，空格是时间状语从句的谓语

动词，当然也要用现在的时态，同时状态上没有特殊强调，所以用一般现在时，同时，动词

throw和主语they应该是被动的关系；故正确答案是arethrowno

5.【答案】tobreak

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词；htakessometimetodosth.固定搭配表示要做什么事情需

耍花费多长时间；故正确答案是tobreako

6.［答案】into/to

【解析】本题考查介词；空格需要表达“变成”，进而使句意通顺；故正确答案是

into/too

7.【答案】countries

【解析】本题考查名词；空格前面lotsOf就注定了空格需要的是一个复数的名词；故

正确答案是countrieso

C

Apieceofstone(8)(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,

knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.TheNeanderthals(9)(live)

alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000

yearsago.Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathuman

ancestorswere(10)(smart)thantheNeanderthals.However,thestonetoolmadeby

Neanderthalssuggestsotherwise.

8.【答案】found

【解析】本题考查非谓语动词；谓语动词suggests决定了find要以非谓语做后置定语

的形式出现，根据句意，这块石头一定是已经被发现；故正确答案是foundo

9.【答案］lived/hadlived/hadbeenliving

【解析】本题考查时态语态；句子有时间状语“40000年前”说明主句谓语live说得肯

定是过去的事儿，根据句意，既可以作为表示一个客观事实，也可以表示一种长期以来的状

态，用一般过去时和过去完成时甚至过去完成进行时均可通顺；故正确答案是lived/hadlived

/hadbeenlivingo

10.【答案】smarter

【解析】本题考查形容词；空格前面是were,空格后面than,空格就只能是形容词的比

较级；故正确答案是smartero

(2021年北京卷真题)

A

Whydowedream?Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse(11)(idea).

Dreamsmightbeasideeffec