GRE高频Issue题库提纲

二十六次

Issuel3/46/70/102/112(Old4+94)教化

(3)

46.Universitiesshouldrequireeverystudenttotakeavarietyofcoursesoutsidethestudenfs

fieldofstudy.高校应当要求每个学生选修自己专业以外的各种学科。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththe

recommendationandexplainyourreasoningforthepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupporting

yourposition,describespecificcircumstancesinwhichadoptingtherecommendationwouldor

wouldnotbeadvantageousandexplainhowtheseexamplesshapeyourposition.

〔everysubjectdoesnotexistindependently

对学好本学科有说明，因为学问在逻辑体系上是互通的，各个学科之间的互相交织。探讨经

济学的适当学习数学学问有利于对经济学的更深理解，如philosophyisthefoundationofall

subject

达芬奇DaVinci即是科学家也是艺术家，他对人体解剖anatomy的深化理解，才使得他的

油画特朝美丽，传而。

Sincevariousdisciplines

wereinterrelated,thestudyofcoursesoutsidethestudents*ownfieldmaybenefitthe

studyof

theirownmajor,如：力学中的理论可用于美术；如：公共行政学生须要理解心理学、管

理学、政治学的开展

2在全球化进程的今日，只学习某个专业内的学问已经不能满意须要了Intoday's

technologicallyadvancedsocietyitisimpossibleforthosewhofocustheirattentiononthe

concerningfieldstosatisfytheneedsforthefuturesociety.

首先，广泛的学习各种学问可以拓宽视野。(broadenourvision|cultivatefull-blownmarketof

ideas|abroadspectrumofopinions|getclosertothetruth|cometothebestjudgment.)True

educationamountstofarmorethangainingtheknowledgeandabilitytoexcelinone'smajor

courseofstudyandinone'sprofessionalcareer.

其次，可以让学生觉察她真正感爱好的探讨方向。Byexploringsubjectsoutsidetheirown

major,studentsmayfindnewacademicfieldswherelietheirrealinterestandpotentialgift.

3过分强调学习其他学科的重要性可能会导致学生无视主要学问的学习

3、但是，不能放弃对主要科目的深化探讨，这也是高校设置major的目的所在，浅尝辄止

besatisfiedwithasmatteringofknowledge

undulyemphasizetheimportanceofstudyingthecourseoutsidermay

leadthestudentsneglectingtheknowledgeofcertainfieldsofstudy,andtherebyhave

nocapabilitytoengageanyrealmofemploymentorresearchwork.Ontheotherhand,

compelstudenttoplacemostoftheattentionsontheprofessionalfieldsalsomayfallsinto

anotherextremeandeventuallymakethestudentsimpossibletocatchupwiththe

developmentofthescienceandtechnology

■二次

Issue28/85/94/113/120/121/127/145/147

(Old170)社会

(1)

28.Thesurestindicatorofagreatnationisrepresentednotbytheachievementsofitsrulers,

artists,orscientists,butbythegeneralwelfareofitspeople.一个国家的宏大表达在国民的安乐

上，而不是表达在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussthe

extenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththestatementandexplainyourreasoningforthe

positionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,youshouldconsiderwaysinwhich

thestatementmightormightnotholdtrueandexplainhowtheseconsiderationsshapeyour

position.

1、确定宏大国家的第•要素是人民生活好福利好theoverridingimDeratiygofanydemggratic

stateistoenhancethegeneralwelfareof依dtizennGreatnationfr-kL

〕Thewelfareofthepeople,

includingthelivingconditions,thesocialsecuritysystemandthecharityofdeveloped

人民生活都保障不了的国家确定不宏大，即使elite有成就也毫无意义

ForexamplelwehavetoadmitthatitisfastdevelopmentofIndiaduringthepast

centuryandevenithasownin|■However,focusingonhightechnology

andweapondoesnotamelioratethesituationthatmuchIndiansarestillliyinqinthelowest

levelofSociety.AndThepeaceisstilladreaminthiscountrybecauseofdivergencebetween

peopleinreligionandnation.Indiacannotbecalledagreatnation.

2、社会叫素

(a)Scientificandtechnologicalachievementsserveinthefirstplaceto

enhanceanation'sgeneralwelfare.(Advanceinmedicaltreatment,transportation,

communication,etc)

(b)Artisticachievementscouldnotbeneglected,though.Theyhelpto

makeanationabetterplacetoreside.(Provideinspiration,lifepeople'sspiritand

bringaboutcreativityandimagination,allofwhichspurustomakemore

accomplishments.)

(c)Themilitaryanddiplomaticaccomplishmentofitsleaderscouldneitherbeignored

intheGeneralwHfareofanation.(TheWarofIndependence)

宏大国家中的统治者、艺术家、科学家要为人民谋福利

Fortherulersorthepoliticians,theyshouldimprovepeople'slivingstandards,safeguard

thenation'sintegrityandpeople'ssafety,inaword,theyshouldmaketheirnation

morestable,peace,andprosperous;Withrespecttoartists,theyshouldexerttheircreativity

andimaginationtomakemoreclassicartworksinordertoreflecttheinnerconnotations

andimpulseofasocietyandultimatelyimprovepeople'sspirituallifeandbringwiththem

entertainment;Whenitcomestoscientists,whattheyshouldistomaketheresearchresults

conducetopeople'sstudy,life,andworkwhileavoidthepotentialnegativeimpactstheir

researchmayproduce.

Issue16/50/86/114/115(Old54)历史

(8)

86.Somepeoplebelievethatgovernmentofficialsmustcarryoutthewillofthepeoplethey

serve.Othersbelievethatofficialsshouldbasetheirdecisionsontheirownjudgment.

有些人认为政府官员应当遵从群众的意愿。也有人认为政府官员依靠自己的推断做确

7E.。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhichviewmorecloselyalignswithyourownposition

andexplainyourreasoningforthepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,

youshouldaddressbothoftheviewspresented.

1、不能盲目的坚持，假设我们坚持的东西是错误的话，否那么必将走向失败；如：希特勒

Blindadherenceindicatesnothingbutignoranceandimprecise,whichisasignof

foolishstubbornness:

(a)Causeself-complacencewhichleadstotheneglectofone'sdefects.

(b)Ifeveryonestickstohisorherbeliefs,thatwouldcausetheconflictsin

ourdailylife.

Themostegregiousexampleto川ustratethispointinvolvesHitler,whosebelief

thattheJewspresentedpotentialharmtohimandhiscountrymenwascompletelyridiculous

andfantastic,whichultimatelyresultedinthetragicmasspersecutionandevengenocide.

2、有时，为了成功我们也须要短暂的妥协；如卧薪尝胆的故事，就是在力气弱的时候妥协

争取生存和开展的时机，以期盼日后的崛起

LongmarchofChinesearmy

Chinesegreatleader—XiaopingDengarefamousfornotonlygreatcontributiontothe

foundingofPeople'sRepublicofchinabutalsohisunprecedentedstratagemofreform.His

theoryofreformisbasedontheobjectiveobservationofthedevelopingtrendonthewhole

worldandthemasses'willofandobviousefficiencyuponthesituationofchina.

3、坚持信念可以走向成功

Onlythroughfirmadherencetosomeofone'sbeliefscouldonemakeunique

accomplishments,especiallywhenyouareonlyonestepawayfromthetruth,

compromisemeanstotalfailure.(MartinLutherKing,TheindependenceofAmerica,

Copernicus)

MaryCurieadheretoherbelief;Beethoven;heronKellerMarieCurie'sbelief-theremust

besomenewmatterwiththefeatureofradioactiveconcealingintheindustrialwastes-had

enabledhertoworkarduouslyandtenaciously,andeventuallygivenbirthtothediscovery

ofRadium,whichwanMarieCurietheNobelPrizeandmeanwhilecontributed

significantlytotheprogressofmedicalscience.

3.Blindcompromiseisalsodetrimental:

(a)Concerningthedecentinterestsofacountry

(b)Theloyaltytotruthandtherespectforindividualselfaswellasthe

society.

①通常政治家是theoutstandingindividualsinthesociety.如：Roosevelt在经济危

机时能刚好挽救美国

②不能保证政治家做出的决策总是对的。A理论上说，他们可能为了自己的私利。B

事实上说，历史上有很多例子，关于政治家作了错误决策的。Theculturalrevolution

③不能无视一般人群的推断力和决策，尤其在一个民主国家，因为政治家理解到的状

况可能不那么真实，而thepublic才是真正的利益相关主体

Thepoliticalissuesarehighlyprofessionalandrequiresexpertisetotackle,

politicalleadersshouldrelyontheirjudgment

Politicalleaders,ongeneralassumption,shouldbewell-trainedtohandle

highlyprofessionalissues

Generalpublic,ontheotherhand,canonlyfollowratherthanlead

Indemocraticnation,andtoensurenobiasorpoliticaldiscriminationssoilthe

basicinterestofthegeneralpublic,thevoiceofthepeopleshouldbetakeninto

consideration

Constitutionallylegitimateforpeopletoparticipatepoliticalaffairsanddefend

theirownrights

十八次

Issue59新增科技

(20)

59.Scientistsandotherresearchersshouldfocustheirresearchonareasthatarelikelyto

benefitthegreatestnumberofpeople.

科学家和科研人员应当探讨更简洁造福群众的领域。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththe

recommendationandexplainyourreasoningforthepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupporting

yourposition,describespecificcircumstancesinwhichadoptingtherecommendationwouldor

wouldnotbeadvantageousandexplainhowtheseexamplesshapeyourposition.

当确定一些领域的优先权时，比方科学、教化等，最须要考虑的问题是：有多少人会从中获

益

Partlyagree

1.可以解决如今最urgent社会问题科天经地义的应当赐予优先权。如：通信，经济，

商科，法律、医学。A哪些人会受益。B实际证明这些学科也是最兴盛兴盛的。最优秀的学

生通常都去了这些地方。。医学、生物探讨，对治病的作用；农学探讨对根本生活须要的

满意；工程探讨对建立的作用

2.有一些看起来没什么用的长期看会很有用.哲学、文学、历史、数学、物理(其它

科的根底)。一些科学不要反对

3.在探讨成果没有出来之前，我们很难推断哪些是能给最多人带来利益的。因此，让

其平衡开展。根据经济学的观点，那些已经兴盛兴盛的学科，政府不需赐予太多关注，否那

么几年后供大于求；而那些如今静默无闻的学科今后可能是很有用的学科，须要赐予扶持。

一些已经很好的学科或许不能太过于投入，而一些不是很兴盛的那么须要大力支持。

Iagreeinsofarasareasofresearchcertaintoresultinimmediateandsignificantbenefits

forsocietyshouldcontinuetobeapriority.Yet,strictlyfollowed,thespeaker's

recommendationwouldhaveaharmfulchillingeffectonresearchandnewknowledge.

1.Admittedly,scientificresearchwhosesocietalbenefitsareimmediate,predictable,and

profoundshouldcontinuetobeahighpriority.

2.However,thisisnottosaythatresearchwhosebenefitsarelessimmediateorclear

shouldbegivenlowerpriority.Firstofall,ifwestrictlyfollowthespeaker'ssuggestion,who

woulddecidewhichareasofresearcharemoreworthwhilethanothersResearcherscannot

belefttodecide.

3.Secondly,tocompelallresearcherstofocusonlyoncertainareaswouldbeto

forcemanytowastetheirtruetalents.

4.Thirdly,itisdifficulttopredictwhichresearchavenueswillultimatelyleadtothe

greatestcontributionstosociety.

十三次

lssue12/25(old53)教化

(13)

12.Governmentsshouldofferafreeuniversityeducationtoanystudentwhohasbeen

admittedtoauniversitybutwhocannotaffordthetuition.

对任何被高校录用但无法担当学费的学生，政府应当为他们供应免费高校教化。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussyourviewsonthepolicyandexplainyourreasoningfor

thepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,youshouldconsiderthepossible

consequencesofimplementingthepolicyandexplainhowtheseconsequencesshapeyour

position.

(1)Collegeanduniversityattractsthestudentswithitsincomparable

advantages:教化的重要性

(a)Peerlessfacultiesandadvancedfacilities

(b)Atmosphereforstudying

(2)Duetoitshightuition,manytalented,earnestandindustriousstudentscould

notafforditandthusmaybedeprivedoftheopportunitytostudyincollegeand

university.Thussomepeopleproposetheabovesuggestion.However,itis

impracticableandirrational:

0nderousaburden0nthefinanceofgovernment.

(b)The]bfeducationcouldnolongerbeassured

(c)Thestudentsmi*tlosetheimpetustostudyasdiligentastheydoat

thetime.

(3)Otherauxiliaryprojectscouldhelptosolvetheproblems:

(a)Scholarship,stipend,interest-freeloan.

Cityandcountrylibrary,andcorrespondencecourse.

Issue19(old3)

(40)

Itismoreimportanttoallocatemoneyforimmediate,existingsocialproblemsthanto

spenditonlong-termresearchthatmighthelpfuturegenerations.

及其花钱进展可能有助于后代的长期性探讨，还不如把钱花在燃眉之急，已经存在的社会问

题上。

①花钱解决如今的问题很合理，特别是很紧急的问题。如：Tsunami

②有些问题不是如今就能解决的。须要长远的规划。贫困问题、犯罪问题，有关humannature

的问题从历史上看从来没有真正得到解决过。

③我们对将来负有责任。A一方面，我们的行为造成了他们的损失。能源上，环境上。B

从道德上说，人及动物的区分在于我们会感情上认为应对后代负责。

Whenweenjoythefruitsofindustrializationanddemocracy,weare,ontheotherside,

confrontedwithsocialproblemsbroughtbyasanotherconsequenceofthisprocess.

Firstly,immediate,existingsocialproblemsthatbaffledusdeeplyneedtoberesolvedas

quicklyaspossiblesotorestoreasoundsocietyandimproveitshealthydevelopment.

However,manypresentsocialproblemscannotberesolvedimmediatelyaswehoped.

Furthermore,neglectinglong-termresearchesthatmayhelpfuturegenerations,

overemphasizingtofocusonthepresentproblems,mayresultinincompleteresolutionto

thesesocialproblems,whichcanmerelybeanexpedienceratherthanaresolution.

lssue31/63/67(Old121+242)行为

(10)_____

63.Thereislittlejustificationforsocietytomakeextraordinaryefforts—especiallyatagreat

costinmoneyandjobs—tosaveendangeredanimalorplantspecies.

特别是考虑到花费代价和精力，对于任何社会，投入宏大的努力挽救濒危的动植物是不

合理的。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththe

statementandexplainyourreasoningforthepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyour

position,youshouldconsiderwaysinwhichthestatementmightormightnotholdtrueandexplain

howtheseconsiderationsshapeyourposition.

Position:disagree.

1诚然，过去很多的动物都是因为自身不行以适应自然条件或者竞争法那么而灭绝的。

ThefirstisessentiallytheDarwinianargumentthatextinctionresultsfromtheinexorable

processofso-called“naturalselectioninwhichstrongerspeciessurvivewhileweakerones

donot.

然而，professionalagencyofspeciesprotection

公布的数据说明，目前动物因为人类灭绝的数量是自然灭绝的100倍。人类对环境的

污染导致很多生物不行以适应剧变的环境而灭亡；人类的大量开发土地和deforest导致生

物的生存空间越来越小.人类正在成为leadingkiller,所以,我们有责任去疼惜那些面临灭

绝的动物。

我们有责任去疼惜那些因我们而身陷紧急的动物和植物,它们也是地球的一员。没有了

它们,我们将会变得很孤寂。我渴望,将来的孩子们问起大熊猫长什么样的时候,我们可以

带他们到动物园去看而不是仅仅在电视或书本上。

2疼惜那些面临灭绝的动物对我们的生态系统有好处。

一方面，疼惜那些面临灭绝的动物就是疼惜生态平衡，比方在一个小岛上,假设某种鸟

类灭绝了，那么田鼠之类的动物就没有了天敌，他们的过度繁殖会大量破坏植被，造成生态

系统紊乱；另一方面，疼惜面临灭绝的动物可以保持生态系统多样性,对我们的科研很有有

扶植，科学家可以采集动物的基因进展探讨，从而找出它们进化上的弱点，从而为我们人类

和其他动物供应数据。从这个意义上说，我们应当疼惜那些面临灭绝的动物.

Itistimeforhumanbeingsto...now.

假设我们如今去疼惜那些面临灭绝的动物，可以积累大量关于治理环境污染和疼惜动物的

阅历，从而用来疼惜那些目前没有面临灭绝的动物。等到地球上的动物越来越少的时候就来

不及了。我们如今扶植大熊猫配种繁殖，产下更多后代，将来就可以防止更多的物种因为生

殖问题而灭绝；通过探讨亚马逊森林的物种削减问题，我们可以知道酸雨和砍伐造成的，我

们就可以实行相应的措施去削减这种损失，以防止更多的生物面临灭绝。这些阅历是宝贵的，

他们可以扶植我们防止悲剧发生在其他生物的身上。我们的行动越早，悲剧就越少。

3、一个国家的人类财力是有限的，不能一味的全用来疼惜濒危物种。

疼惜濒危物种及社会的进步，经济的开展不应当对立。

人类不能违反自然规律antagonizethenatureandcannotbetraytherulesofuniverse

Issue104/107(0ld43)政治

(9)

104.Tobeaneffectiveleader,apublicofficialmustmaintainthehighestethicalandmoral

standards.

想成为一名有效力的指导那么，政府官员必需坚守最高的伦理和道德标准。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaim.

Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,besuretoaddressthemostcompellingreasonsand/or

examplesthatcouldbeusedtochallengeyourposition.

Position：partlyagree

1、(+)官员，who对社会负责为人民效劳，应当保持高的道德和伦理标准。作为公众人物，

自然就应当受更多的限制，

比方不能随意说脏话，要留意自己的行为举止等等。不道德的官员是不行能有很长的政治生

涯的

2、(+)不遵守politicalmorality的政治家无法成功地指导，最终forfeitleadership,bedoomed

tofailure

Hitler,Nixon

TakeRichardNixonforexample,hisabuseofpowerirritatedthemasses,asaresult,he

becamethefirstpresidentwhowasimpeachedinhistenure.AnotherexamplecomesfromBill

Clintonwhowasinvestigatedforhissexualscandals.Althoughhewasnotimpeachedatlast,

hisdignityandreputationwasdamagedasaresult.Apparently,apublicofficialwithlowethic

andmoralstandardslosehispublicbasiswhichisoneofthekeyfactorstobealeader.

3.(-)lnthebusinessrealm,successfulleadershipisgenerallydefinedasthatwhichachievesthegoal

ofprofitmaximizationforafirm'sshareholdersorotherowners.alsosocietyBILLGATE

LIKAI-SHING三菱

aneffectiveleadercweshouldnotequatemoralbehaviorinpoliticswiththesimple

notionsofhonestyandputtingtheotherfellow'sneedsaheadofone'sown-orotherways

thatwetypicallymeasurethemoralityofanindividuaPsprivatebehavior.

一个成功的指导者还应当具备其它方面的特征(specialknowledge,insight,management

ability,creativityandsoforth可以举BillGates创立微软神话的例子)

Moreover,只具有伦理和道德修养对于一个有效的指导者来说是远远不够的，指导实

力，协调实力，处理危机的实力更重要。

政治和道德不能混为一谈

有道德的政治是志向化idaelization的

现实中的道德政治是为了更好的获得利益最大化

道德须要法律予以确认

Aneffectiveleadershouldmaintainhighestmoralstandards

Apoliticalsystembuiltonmoralityandtrustworthinessiscost-effective

Societyasawholeprogresstotheidealdirection

Theleader,asaperson,cannotbetrustedtoexercisehighestmoralstandards

Aimpersonalsystemisamusttoreassurethatthebestpartofahuman's

heartiswell-protectedandencouraged

Politics,asagroundfamousforitsmuddinessandchaos,isnotthefieldto

onlyemphasizeonmorality

Theessenceofpoliticsisnothingaboutthestruggleforpowerandbalanceof

interest

Politicalcraftsmanshipisalsoneededtosurvive

十一次

Issue73(old50)教化

(24)

73.Collegesanduniversitiesshouldrequireallfacultytospendtimeworkingoutsidethe

academicworldinprofessionsrelevanttothecoursestheyteach.

学院和高校应当要求全部的教员拿出时间，参及学术界以外及教学科目相关的领域工

作。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscussyourviewsonthepolicyandexplainyourreasoningfor

thepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,youshouldconsiderthepossible

consequencesofimplementingthepolicyandexplainhowtheseconsequencesshapeyour

position.

(1)Advantages:

(a)Betterunderstandingofthecourses:practiceistheonlytestoftheory.

(b)世界开展速度太快Tokeeppacewitl|thequickdevelopment,whilethe

knowledgeinthebookssomewhatlagsbehind.freshinsightsandcontagious

excitementabouttheissueathand.

I^Hexperienceinthefieldcanhelpaprofessor^rretoutcutting-edgeandcontroversial

耘U的

(d)Betterperceptionoftherequirementofthesociety.

(e)Betterhelpthechildrenprepareforthesociet].扶植学生更理解书本学

问实际的应用

(2)Problemsthatdeserveattention:

(a)Someinfluenceontheteachingprocess.

(b)Themaintimeandenergyshouldstillbeontheeducation.

(c)However,theteachersinsomedisciplinessuchasmathematics,literature,history,

philosophy,etc.,mayfinditdifficulttocombinetheirteachingwithrelevantprofessionalfields.

(3)Wellbalance

十次

Issue65(old17)社会

(30)

65.Everyindividualinasocietyhasaresponsibilitytoobeyjustlawsandtodisobeyandresist

unjustlaws.

有两种法律：公允的和不公允的。社会中的每个人都应当遵守公允的法律，更重要的是，不遵守

或者违反不公允的法律。

[BEGIN:]Theargumentthatpeopleinasocietyshouldobeyjustlawanddisobeyunjust

lawseemsrelativelysound,whileafterconsideringtheintricatedefinitionoflaw,thestatement

aboveisoversimplifytheinfluenceofthelawuponthehumanworld.

1'首先，把法律归类为正义和非正义太过于简洁(Firstofall,theitemsjustand

unjustaretoosimpletobeusedtocategorizethekindsoflawsbecausesomelawsmay

notbedefinedaseitherjustorunjust.)克隆、原/弹

2、法律并不像人们想象的加样是一成不变的(Thelawsshouldnotkeepconstant,

asmanypeoplethink,onthecontrary,theyshouldbechallengedandmendedinthe

progressofsocialdevelopment.)

3'首先，正义的概念是随着传统和其他条件而变的(Inthefirstplace,theitem"just”

isgoingtovarygreatlyaccordingtodifferenttraditions,costumeandotherconditions.)价

值观：堕胎abortion

4、同样的非正义也是随着因素而变更的(While,itispreciselythesamewhenit

comestotheunjustlaw.)时间：违反政府的嘱咐;计算机犯罪(computercrime)

5、同样的过分强调人们遵守正义和抗拒非正义的东西，也会造成一些问题(Unduly

emphasizingpeopletoresisttheunjustlawsalsospellcertainrisks.Inthefirstplace,

unjustlawsarenotconstantconceptbutmay)首先，阻碍社会民主进程(Foronething,

compellingallthepeopleunconditionalacceptandobeythejustlawsmayinsomesense

impedetheprocessofthedemocracyinthenation.)其次，无视了传统价值观念在社会中

的作用(Inaddition,itmayalsounderminethefundamentalinfluenceofthetraditional

valuesystemsuponthehumansociety.Asissooftenpointedoutthattheregulationsand

lawsisjustamanifestationofthevalueandstandardofthehumancivilizations.Inthis

respect,inculcatingpeoplewiththetraditionalvaluesystemsarefarmoreimportantthan

compelthemwithintheboundofthelaw.)

[END:]Insummary,asoneofthecrucialelementsofmodernsociety,thelawshavetobe

servedastheguidanceforalmostallthecitizenstoliveandworkinarightwayandalso

providethemwithastabilizedclimate.

Issue17/68(old128)教化

(35)

68.Somepeoplebelievethatthepurposeofeducationistofreethemindandthespirit.Others

believethatformaleducationtendstorestrainourmindsandspiritsratherthansetthemfree.有些

人认为教化的目的是解放思维和精神。也有人认为正规教化往往遏制学生的思维和精神，而

不是解放它们。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusswhichviewmorecloselyalignswithyourownposition

andexplainyourreasoningforthepositionyoutake.Indevelopingandsupportingyourposition,

youshouldaddressbothoftheviewspresented.

-Thepurposeofeducationistoimpartsomebasicknowledge,skillsand

methodologiestotheeducated,andthroughthiswaytofreethemindofthem:Some

peoplemightarguethattheoverwhelminqcurriculumofschoolswouldrestrainourmindandspirit.

However,ifdbflcientinknowledge,absolutefreemindwillleadtototalsimplicityandnaivety.

2.Formaleducationplaysaveryimportantroleintheprocessoffreeingthemindandspirit.

Basicknowledge,whichcanonlybeattainedthroughformaleducation,istheprerequisiteforfreeing

people'smindandspirit.

(a)Formaleducationistheprerequisiteoffreedomofmind:freedomof

minddoesnotmeanitshouldjumpoutofanyboundariesandlimitation,whichis

nothingmorethanadaydreamoflittlesignificance.

(b)Formaleducationmakesthefreedomofmindpossible:whathasbeen

learnedisacircle.Providedthelargerthecircleis,themorespaceyouwould

havetoimagineandcreate.

3、Whileadmittedly,existingeducationsystemmayhaveputtoomuchemphasison

thehighgradesardwhathasbeenprovedthroughexperimentsandpracticethattendsto

restrainourmindsandspiritsinsteadofsetthemfreeanddoescausemanyproblems传

输教条facihtatethedisseminationofpropagandaandotherdogma—whichbecauseofits

biased

andone-sidednatureunderminestheverypurposeoftrueeducation:toenlighten.Might

wishto

suppress-assomesortofthreattoitsauthorityandpower.填鸭教化sausage

Themissionofourcollegesanduniversitiesistoaffordstudentsculturalperspective

andacapacityforunderstandingopposingviewpoints,andtoencourageandnurturethe

skillsofcriticalanalysisandskepticism—nottoindoctrinatestudentswithcertainideas

whilequashingothers.

Insummary,weshouldcreatesuchanenvironmentinwhicheachchildinhisownway

followshiscuriositywhereitleadshim,developshisabilityandtalents,pursueshis

interestsandlikes.Inthisway,hispotentialw川befullydevelopedandhew川makea

maximumcontributiontosocietywhenhegrowsup.

■

Issue05/117...(old10)文化

(15)

5.Claim:Governmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethefinancialsupportthey

needinordertothrive.

Reason:Itisprimarilyincitiesthatanation'sculturaltraditionsarepreservedandgenerated.

结论：政府须要给社会主要城市供应财政支持，来保证其旺盛开展。

缘由：一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以传承和开展。

Writearesponseinwhichyoudiscusstheextenttowhichyouagreeordisagreewiththeclaim

andthereasononwhichthatclaimisbased.

--Disagree

1.Subsidizingculturaltraditionsisnotaproperroleofgovernment.

2.Secondly,subsidizingculturaltraditionsisnotanecessaryroleofgovernment.

Philanthropyisaliveandwelltoday,andsogovernmentneednotintervenetoensurethat

ourculturaltraditionsarepreservedandpromoted.Economic,development,improvement

ofpeople'slife.

3.Finally,andperhapsmostimportantly,thespeakerunfairlysuggeststhatlarge

citiesserveastheprimarybreedinggroundandsanctuariesforanation'scultural

tradtions.Originofthefolkart保存了更多传统文化W计htheglobalization,majorcitiesall

overtheworldhavebecomeincreasinglysimilartoeachother.上海和纽约same

skycraperefficientlifestyle

1.经过历史上的开展，有文化传统的积累。城市的确更可能成为国家文化沟通的中心，比方,

北京的京剧，西安。因为主要的大城市往往是经济文化较兴盛的地区。比方，在纽约几乎每一周

里都有各种游行，中国新年的游行，St.Patrick'sDay(爱尔兰的节日)游行等等

2.大城市作为经济文化沟通的中心，文化间的沟通，使得外乡的文化及外来的文化互相作用，

不利于原汁原味外乡文化传统的保存。文化沟通必定会趋于同化，互相影响，一个地区的文化传

统很难在这样的冲击下独立生存下去。比方我们如今成天大吃KFCPizza看美国大片，听摇滚

音乐，冲击了中国传统的地方戏剧和音乐。

3.反观乡村，也孕育和保存着一些己经被历史遗忘的文化传统，如美国乡村音乐，bluesand

jazz都起源于南方小城镇，而美国的小说也大多起源于中部平原地区

关于政府的财政支持，政府的确是应当支持大城市的，假设它须要的话，终归大城市的开展

关系着整个国家的经济开展。然而，我们应当明确的是政府绝不是因为文化的考虑而支持大城市，

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