【培优直通车】2022年新高三英语大一轮复习讲义-第14讲词汇S-T+书信作文教师版（上海专用）

2022年新高三英语大一轮复习讲义（上海专用）

第14讲词汇S-T+书信作文教师版

教学内容

进门小练笔

Foodservesasaformofcommunicationintwofundamentalways.Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommon

humantraditionthatcanpromoteunityandtrust.Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning,andplayasignificantrolein

afamilyorculture'scelebrationsortraditions.Thefoodsweeat——andwhenandhowweeatthem——areoftenunique

toaparticularcultureormayevendifferbetweenrural（农村的）andurbanareaswithinonecountry.

Sharingbread,whetherduringaspecialoccasion（时亥U）oratthefamilydinnertable,isacommonsymbolof

togetherness.Manyculturesalsocelebratebirthdaysandmarriageswithcakesthatarecutandsharedamongthe

guests.Earlyformsofcakeweresimplyakindofbread,sothistraditionhitsitsrootsinthecustomofsharingbread.

FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNewYearcelebrations.InthesouthernUnitedStates,piecesofcorn

breadrepresentblocksofgoldforprosperity（兴旺）intheNewYear.InGreece,peopleshareaspecialcakecalled

vasilopita.Acoinisputintothecake,whichsignifies（预示）successintheNewYearforthepersonwhoreceivesit.

Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild,andfoodcanplayasignificantrole.InChina,

whenababyisonemonthold,familiesnameandwelcometheirchildinacelebrationthatincludesgiving

red-coloredeggstoguests.Inmanycultures,roundfoodssuchasgrapes,bread,andmooncakesareeatenat

welcomecelebrationstorepresentfamilyunity.

Nutritionisnecessaryforlife,soitisnotsurprisingthatfoodissuchanimportantpartofdifferentcultures

aroundtheworld.

32.Accordingtothepassage,sharingbread.

A.indicatesalackoffoodB.canhelptodevelopunity

C.isacustomuniquetoruralareasD.hasitsrootsinbirthdaycelebrations

33.WhatdoesthecoininvasilopitasignifyforitsreceiverintheNewYear?

A.Trust.B.Success.C.Health.D.Togetherness.

34.Theauthorexplainstheroleoffoodincelebrationsby.

A.usingexamplesB.makingcomparisons

C.analyzingcausesD.describingprocesses

35.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thecustomofsharingfood.B.Thespecificmeaningoffood.

C.Theroleoffoodinceremonies.D.Theimportanceoffoodinculture.

32.B【命题意图】考查细节理解。

【解题思路】根据第一段中的“Sharingbreadorotherfoodsisacommonhumantraditionthatcanpromote

unityandtrust”可知，答案为B项。

33.B【命题意图】考查细节理解。

［解题思路】根据第二段中“Acoinisputintothecake,whichsignifies（预示）successintheNewYearforthe

personwhoreceivesit”可知答案为B项。

34.A【命题意图】考查短语猜测。

【解题思路】作者是通过举例来说明食物在节日庆祝中的作用的，比如：在第三段中分别以美国南部、

希腊为例，而第四段中则举了中国为例。

35.D【命题意图】考查主旨大意。

【解题思路】第一段的中心句是“Foodcanalsohaveaspecificmeaning,andplayasignificantroleinafamily

orculture'scelebrationsortraditionsn；第三段的中心句是“FoodalsoplaysanimportantroleinmanyNew

Yearcelebrations；第四段的中心是“Manycultureshaveceremoniestocelebratethebirthofachild,andfood

w

canplayasignificantroleo综上所述，可知答案为D项。

课堂导入

素材源：scmp（原文有删改）

Vocabulary

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.quotingB.attachedC.responseD.disciplineE.specifiedF.withdrawn

G.urgentlyH.attendanceI.exposedJ.headingK.expelled

WuhanUniversityinWuhan,Hubeiprovince,1___92studentsfrommorethan10countriesforproblems

rangingfrompoorgradesto___2violationsandfailuretopaytuitionfees,ChangjiangDailyreportedon

Monday.

Theexpulsionsfollowedwarningstothestudentsayearearlier,thereportsaid,___3astaffmemberinthe

admissionsofficeoftheuniversity'sSchoolofInternationalEducation.

Inthepast,theuniversityhadexpelledjustoneortwooverseasstudentsayear,butthenumberrosethisyear

in___4totheMinistryofEducation'scalltoimprovestandardsforoverseasstudents,thestaffmemberwas

quotedassaying.

“Theministryhas5greatimportancetointernationalstudentsstudyinginChina.Inthepastwefocused

onquantity,butnowqualityismoreimportant,9,hesaid.

Underuniversityrules,internationalstudentswhofailtopaytuitionfeesontimewillnotbeenrolled,andthose

whomissmorethan20classescanbe6____fromcourses.

InSeptemberlastyear,theministry___7requirementsforoverseasstudents,orderinguniversitiestohold

themtothesamestandardsaslocalstudents.

Aspartoftherequirements,universitiesmuststrictlyrecord___8andreportthosewhofailtomeetthe

minimumnumberofclassestoeducationandimmigrationauthorities.TheministrysaidinJulythatChina9___

neededtoimprovestandardsinthearea,withmanyinternationalstudentsatChineseuniversitiesnotmakingthe

academicgrade.

WhilemostChinesestudents___10overseasoptforcollegesinEurope,NorthAmericaorAustralia,most

studentscomingintoChinawerefromthedevelopingworld,accordingtoministrydata.

【词汇讲解】」

1.discipline

n.

trainingthatmakespeoplemorewillingtoobeyormoreabletocontrolthemselves,oftenintheformofrules,and

punishmentsifthesearebroken,orthebehaviourproducedbythistraining

训导；训练；纪律；约束

例：

parental/military/schooldiscipline

父母的训导/军事训练/校规

Thereshouldbetougherdisciplineinschools.

学校的纪律应该更严一些。

2.specify

v.

toexplainordescribesomethingclearlyandexactly

具体说明；明确指出

例：

Hesaidweshouldmeetbutdidn'tspecifyatime.

他说我们应该见见面，但没说具体时间。

3.expel

v.

toforcesomeonetoleaveaschool,organization,orcountry

驱逐；除名；开除

例：

Mybrotherwasexpelledfromschoolforbadbehaviour.

我弟弟因为行为不端被学校开除了。

4.violate

v.

tobreakoractagainstsomething,especiallyalaw,agreement,principle,orsomethingthatshouldbetreatedwith

respect

违反，违背，违犯（尤指法律、协议、原则等）

例：

Theywerechargedwithviolatingfederallaw.

他们被控违犯了联邦法律。

5.withdraw

v.

totakeormoveoutorback,ortoremove

抽回；取回；提取；撤回；撤离；退出；移回

例：

TheUNhaswithdrawnitstroopsfromthecountry.

联合国已从该国撤军。

6.immigration

n.

theactofsomeonecomingtoliveinadifferentcountry

移民（入境）

例：

Therearestrictlimitsonimmigration（intothecountry）.

（该国）对入境移民有着严格的限制.

7.attendance

n.

thefactofgoingsomewheresuchasachurch,school,etc.regularly

（有规律地）出席，参加；到场（如去教堂，学校等）

例：

Attendanceatlecturesiscompulsory.

这些讲座必须去听。

8.enroll

v.

toputyourselforsomeoneelseontotheofficiallistofmembersofacourse,college,orgroup

（使）加入；注册；招（生）；吸收

例：

Ienrolledfor/in/onthemodernartcourse.

我注册修读现代艺术课。

【参考答案】

1-5KDACB6-10FEHGJ

【答案详解】

1.该题需要动词过去式，根据意思据《长江日报》周一报道，湖北省武汉市的武汉大学开除了来自10多个国

家的92名学生。所以选择K。

2.该题需要一个名词，根据意思原因包括成绩差、违反纪律和不交学费等。所以选择D。

3.该题需要一个ving,根据意思根据该校国际教育学院招生办公室一名工作人员说，学生们在被开除的前一年

就收到了警告。所以选择A。

4.该题需要一个名词，根据意思但为了应教育部提高留学生标准的号召，今年这数量有所上升。所以选择C。

5.该题需要一个动词过去分词，根据固定搭配，attachgreatimportanceto重视所以选择B。

6.该题需要一个动词过去分词，根据意思但为了应教育部提高留学生标准的号召，今年这数量有所上升。所

以选择F。

7.该题需要一个动词过去式，根据意思去年9月，教育部规定了对海外学生的准则，要求高校按本地学生的

标准对待留学生。所以选择E。

8.该题需要一个名词，根据意思作为要求的一部分，大学必须严格记录出勤率，并向教育和移民部门报告那

些没有达到最低出勤率的学生。所以选择Ho

9.该题需要一个副词，因为整个句子不缺成分，根据意思教育部在7月份表示，中国迫切需要提高这方面的

标准，因为许多在中国大学就读的国际学生没有获得该有的成绩。所以选择G。

10.该题需要一个ving,根据意思教育部的数据显示，尽管大多数赴海外留学的中国学生选择欧洲、北美或澳

大利亚的大学，但大多数赴华学生来自发展中国家。所以选择J。

精讲精练

知识点一（考纲词汇S-T）

【考纲词汇S-T1

1.sacrificen/vt.牺牲；献祭

2.samplen.样品，标本；实例

3.scarceadj.缺乏的；稀有的

4.scarcelyadv.几乎不；刚刚;才

5.schedulen.时间表，计划（表）；日程安排（表）

6.secureadj.安全的；安心的；牢固的

使安全；保卫；获得

7.seekvt.寻找；寻求；探求

8.seizevt.抓住；夺取

9.sensibleadj.明智的；合情理的；有知觉的

10.sensitiveadj.敏感的；神经过敏的

11.separatea力分开的；各自的；单独的

vt.使分开；使隔离；划分；区分

12.settingn.环境；（舞台，小说等的）背景；调节

13.severeadj.严重的；严厉的；严格的

14.shallowadj.浅的

15.shelter〃.隐臧所，庇护者，避难所；保护，庇护

vt.遮蔽，隐蔽；保护

vi.躲避,避难

16.shiftn.转换；轮班；变化vt.转换，移动；变化

17.shortcutn.近路；捷径

18.shrinkvi.收缩；退缩

19.significantadj.重要的；有重大意义的

20.simplifyVt.简化；使简易

21.sincerelyadv.真诚地

22.slightadj.轻微的；少量的，不足道的

23.smoothadj.平滑的；平稳的；顺利的

24.sociableadj.（好）交际的；社交的

25.specificadj.明确的；具体的；特定的

26.spiritualadj.精神上的

27.splendidadj.壮丽的；辉煌的；（口）极好的

28.spoilVt.破坏；糟蹋；宠坏；

Vt.（食物）变质

29.sponsorvt.主办，赞助

n.发起者；赞助商；主办者

30.stableadj.稳定的；稳固的

31.steadyadj.稳的；稳定的

32.stimulateVt.激励；刺激

33.strategyn.战略；策略；行动计划；对策

34.stressn.压力；紧张

vt.强调

35.strikeV.打，击；（灾害，疾病等）袭击

n.罢工

36.strivevi.努力；奋斗；力争，力求

37.structuren.结构；构造

38.stylishadj.流行的；时髦的

39.subconsciousadj.潜意识的；意识不清的

40.substance.物质，材料

41.substitutevt.用…代替

n.代替者（物）

42.sufficientadj.充足的，足够的

43.summaryn摘要；总结

44.superioradj.较好的；上级的

n.上级；长辈

45.superviseV.监督；管理；指导

46.surrounding（川.）环境，周围的事物

adj.周围的，环绕的

47.suspectVt.对…有所察觉；怀疑；对…有所疑问

n.嫌疑犯

48.suspicionn.怀疑

49.suspendV.悬，挂，吊；（使）悬浮

50.switchvi/n.开关；转换

51.symbolicadj.象征的

52.sympatheticadj.同情的

53.symptomn.症状

54.talkativeadj.好说话的；健谈的

55.targetn.目标；对象

vt.规定…的指标；把…作为目标

56.temporaryadj.暂时的；临时的

57.temptVt.吸引；引诱

58.tendencyn.趋势；（性格，性质或作品等的）倾向

59.tensionn.紧张

60.terminaln.末端；终端；终点

61.territoryn.领土，领地，地区

62.themen.（谈话，讨论，文章等的）题目，主题

63.therapyn.疗法；治疗

64.thoroughadj.彻底的；完全的

65.toughadj.坚韧的；棘手的；固执的；能吃苦耐劳的

66.trackn.踪迹；足迹；小道；路径

Vt.追踪

67.tragedyn.悲剧；灾难；惨事

68.transferu搬；转移；调动

69.transformvt.改造；改革；使改变性质

7O.translateV.翻译；转变

71.tremendousadj.极大的，巨大的

72.trend几（路，河流等的）走向；趋势；倾向

vi,趋势；倾向

73.trickn.诡计；戏法；技巧；恶作剧忆欺诈

74.typicaladj.典型的；有代表性的

知识点二（书信作文）

应用文之书信写作1

你的好友因家境一般买不起名牌而闷闷不乐。给他写信，谈谈你的看法和建议。

收信人:徐海青寄信人：黄平寄信日期:2021六月八曰

DearHaiqing,

Ihearyouareveryunhappytheseclaysbecauseyourparentscan'taffordtobuyyousomebrand-nameshoesand

garmentsyoulikeverymuch.AndIwriteyouthislettertosharewithyouwhatIthinkaboutthismatter.[Part1:描

述问题，直奔主题]

Tobeginwith,beautyisjustskindeep.Don'tyouthinkitsillytopaysomuchattentiontoyourappearance?He

isashallowpersonwhojudgesothersbytheirappearance;inthesamesenseheisashallowpersonwhothinksthata

brand-namegarmentcanaddtohisglamour.Soplease,justforgetabout-thosebrand-namethings.Whatreallymatter

isriotwhetheryouwearbrand-nameshoesorgarmentsbutwhetheryourclothesfityou.Asastudent,youhaveto

weartheschooluniformontheweekdaysandtobehonest(frank),youlookverysmartinit.Thenwhydoyouhave

tobothertobuytheexpensivebrand-namethings?

Secondly.Iknowyourparentsarebothaverageworkers.Hardastheywork,theydon'tearnmuch.Despitethis,

theydotheirbesttogiveyoualotofthingsondemand.

Lookatthecallus(老苗)ontheirhandsandwrinklesontheirfaces,howcanyouhavethehearttoaskformore

thantheycanafford,whichwillsurelybreaktheirhearts?

Remember,parentsdon'toweusexpensivesummercamps;theydon'toweusSonyWalkman;nordotheyowe

usNikeshoes.Ifyoureallywantthosefancythingsyoushouldtakeapart-timejobtocontributetotheirpurchase

ratherthanaskyourparentsformoneytoaddtotheiralreadyheavyburden.Don'tyouthinkso?

Thirdly,wehavesuchawidevarietyofthingsavailablethesedayswhicharebothniceandinexpensive.What's

thepointofpayingmuchmoreforthosebrand-namethingsthatarenotmuchbetter?Myfriend,takemyadvice,and

you'llbeawiserConsumeraswellasamoreconsideratechildtoyourparents.[Part2:；阐明看法，提出建议]

Poverty,sometimes,isagoodthing.Itcantestaperson'scharacteranditmakesamanoutofaboyfasterthan

anythingelse.Keepworkinghard,andyouareboundtobeabletoaffordthosethingsinthenearfuture.Nowyou

mayaswellfocusonyourstudy.Anyway,wouldn'titbefunny,forawould-beachievertobesopreoccupiedwith

brand-namethingsalldaylong?[Part3:总结全文]

Keepintouch.

Yours

HuangPing

主题词汇及句型积累

1.表述先后顺序的短语

Tobeginwith首先

Secondly其次

Thirdly再者

2.paysomuchattentionto注意

3.inthesamesense在同样意义上

4.addlo增加

5.tobehonest老实说

6.botherto怕麻烦

7.breaktheirhearts使某人心碎

8.contributeto贡献于

9.ratherthan而彳;是

10.areboundlo注定

11.focuson关注于

12.besopreoccupiedwith一心想做，专注于

13.Keepintouch保持联系

当堂检测

一：相关翻译

2021闵行一模

72.游客不仅能品尝这里的美食，还能免费观看地方戏曲。(free)

73.长辈们常不厌其烦地叮嘱我们要趁年轻多学本领，勤读书。(while)

74.如果沉溺于虚拟世界，疏于人际交流，你会感觉与周围的一切格格不入。(addict)

75.这部电影制作成本低，既无大牌明星出镜，也无复杂的故事情节，但主人公对故乡深

深的依恋之情令观众动容。(neither...nor)

答案

72.Visitorscannotonlytastethedeliciousfoodhere,butalsoenjoythefreelocalopera.

73.Theeldersrepeatedlytellustoobtainmoreskillsandstudydiligently(l分)whileweareyoung.

74.Ifyouaddictyourselftothevirtualworldandneglectinterpersonalcommunication,youwillfind

ithardtoadaptyourselftothethingsaroundyou.

75.Althoughthiswasalow-costfilm,withneitherfamousstars(init)norcomplicatedplot,the

audiencewasgreatlymovedbythedeeploveofthemaincharactertohishometown.

2021长宁一模

72.我在玩纵横字谜时拼错了一个词，卡住了。(stick)

73.这套房有两居室，小的那间可用做书房。(serve)

74.尽管我们在生活中会遇到困难，但人人都有机会让他人的生活有所改变。(regardless)

75.在互联网时代，便捷和风险共生，只有具有风险防范意识方能拥有安全感和获得感。

(unless)

答案

72.1gotstuckwhenImisspelledawordinacrosswordpuzzle.

73.Therearetwobedroomsintheflat,thesmallerofwhichservesasastudy.

74.Eachofus,regardlessofwhatdifficultieswemayencounter/meetinlife,

75.Inanage/eraoftheInternet,whenconvenienceandrisksconexist,wecannothaveasenseof

achievementsandsafety,unlesswehavetheconsciousnessofriskprevention.

二：作文练习

Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.

你校学生会主席Simon在征集明高中毕业典礼的活动方案，作为高三的学生，请你给他写封信，信的内

空必须包括以下两个方面：

1、阐述你活动方案的主题和内容；

2、谈谈你设计该方案的理由。

（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）

DearSimon,

Knowingthatyouarecollectingvariousideasofholdingthegraduationceremonyofourhighschoolstudents,

I'mwritingtodevotemyeffortstothepotentialplan.

Inmyperspective,theactivityshouldbebasedondreamandmemory,whichwillnotonlyfocusonthebright

prospectofthegraduatesbutalsotouchontheenjoyableinteractionbetweenstudentsandtheirrespectableteachers.

Whenitcomestospecificcontentoftheactivity,it'sadvisableforstudentstonotedowntheirdreamsonthetips,

whichwillthenbeshowntothevastmajorityonthewall.Thencomesthepresentationoftherewardingmomentsin

theirhighschoollife.Severalstudentswillberecommendedfromrespectiveclasstodemonstratepreciousphotosor

videosfulloftheirmemory.

Thereasonsforthisplanarelistedasfollows.Firstandforemost,dreamsaretograduateswhatwateristofish.

Withoutdreams,thereisagreatlikelihoodthattheywillbeatalossinuniversityeducation.Bywritingdowntheir

dreams,studentscanencourageeachothertotakeactiontorealizethem.Inaddition,memoryisalsoan

indispensablepartoftheirlife.Onlybysharingphotosorvideoswillstudentshaveasenseofbelongingtoacertain

community.Andthememorywillbeallaroundnomatterwheretheyare.

Asaseniorthreestudent,IhavesuchmixedfeelingsaboutthisceremonythatI'mgenuinelyhopingthatyou

willgiveseriousconsiderationtomyplan.Iwishyoueverysuccessaboutit.

Yours,

Jack

温故知新

ILGrammarandvocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Cosmicraysaremysterious,high-chargedatomicparticlestravelingthroughspaceatthespeedoflight,(21)

havepuzzledscientistsforyears.ButforYangJia,amemberoftheNationalCommitteeofChinese

People'sPoliticalConsultativeConference(CPPCC),China'stoppoliticaladvisorybody,theabilitytoseeandstudy

them(22)helpgenerateinterestinscienceandspaceamongschoolchildren.

Cosmicrays,first(23)(discover)in1912,havebeenanenigmaforyears,buttheirdetectabilitymeans

theycanbestudiedbymiddleandhighschoolstudentswithabasicknowledgeofphysics.

Yang,alsoaprofessorandamemberoftheJiusanSociety,ademocraticpoliticalparty,proposedfurther(24)

(promote)thestudyofcosmicraysonschoolcampusesatthisyear'sTwoSessions.

"It'sawonderfulidea.IheardapresentationfromascientistZhangChuang,andIwasquiteexcited.Ithinkitis

awonderfulway(25)(share)theirknowledgewithyoungpeople.Atthattime,IheardinLosAngeles,there

werealready80highschoolshavingsuchextracurriculums,andinItaly,therewere50.ButinChina,therewerejust

afew,"saidYang.

AnorganizationcalledCampusCosmicRayObservationCollaboration(26)(establish)inSeptember

2020topromotetheidea.Zhang,headoftheorganization,saidtheyplantobuildmorestationsonschoolcampuses

acrossChina.

"We'vebeenworkingonbuildingmoreobservationstationsoncampuses.Atthemoment,wehavethreein

Dongzhimen,andweplantosetupmore.Nowweareworkingwiththreeschoolstobuildsuchstations.Wealsotry

toputourexistingdataonthewebsitesothatstudentscancarryoutrelatedstudieswithopenaccess,'1saidZhang.

(27)cosmicrayobservationbelongstothefieldoffrontierphysics,expertssayintroducingittothe

campushelpspopularizescienceamongstudents.

ChinesescientistShenChangquan,79,(28)(guide)DongzhimenHighSchoolworkshopforseven

yearssincehisretirement.Hesaidsuchactivitiescanhelpincreaseyoungstudents,interestinscience.

“Byexposingstudentstocutting-edgescience,studentscanstandontheshouldersofgiantsandtouchawider

world.It'snotabout(29)beingscientists.It'sjustthatalotofadvancedequipmenttodayrequiresphysics

knowledge,andimprovingthephysicslevelofallpeopleisveryimportant,"saidShen.

Talkingaboutthefutureoftheproposal,Yangsaidsheislookingforwardtoseeingmoredialoguebetweentop

scientistsandstudentsinChina.Shesaidtheyareoptimistic,and(30)thedifficultiesahead,the

driveforhumanstofullyunderstandtheunknowncanneverbestopped.

SectionB

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.collectivelyB.engineC.convincedD.contribute

E.distributeF.envisionedG.addressH.increasingly

I.seeminglyJ.engagementK.initiative

Oceanplastichasbecomeadefiningproblemofourtime,andachallengetotheworld'sbrightestthinkersand

innovators.Withasignificantportionofplasticwasteenteringthroughrivers,theAlliancetoEndPlasticWasteis

supportingtheworkofRenewOceanto(31)thelackofwasteinfrastructureindevelopingregions.

ResearchpublishedinEnvironmentalScience&Technologyin2017showsthatrivers(32)dump

anywherefromahalftothreemilliontonsofplasticintotheseaseveryyear.Accordingtothedata,tenriversalone

carry93percentoftheriver-borneplasticsthatendupintheocean.Tohelppreventthisplasticwastefromreaching

theocean,theAlliancetoEndPlasticWastewillsponsorRenewOceans,alocalized(33)andinvestment

projectfocusedonhigh-leakagerivers.AsaFoundingGlobalOceansSponsor,theAlliancewill(34)its

materialsandlogistics(物流)capabilities.TheNationalGeographicSocietyhasalsosupportedtheRenewOceans

(35).

RenewOceansispartoftheRenewologypartnership,abrainchildofPriyankaBakaya.GrowingupinAustralia,

Bakayabecamefascinatedbyscience,chemistry,andtheenvironment.TripstoIndiaasachild(36)herof

theneedtodosomethingpositiveforanenvironment(37)strainedbyplasticwaste.AtStanfordUniversity,

shebecameawareofsocialentrepreneurshipandcontinueddevelopingherideasforendingplasticwasteinbusiness

schoolatMIT.

HowdoesRenewOceansplantotacklea(n)(38)insurmountable(难以克服的)problem?First,using

proprietary(专利的)“bioffence"technologydesignedbyRenewology,plasticwasteiscollectedasitflowsdown

riversandbranches.ReFencesdiverttheplasticandthuskeepitfromaccumulatingandenteringtheocean.As(39)

,theprogramhasmajorsidebenefits.Theplasticcollectedacrossthedevelopingworldwillbeconverted

intofuel,whilewastepickerswillreceivecompensationdirectlytiedtothefuelgeneratedfromtheplasticthey

collect.Renewologycanbecomeapowerful(40)forempoweringlocalcommunitieswhilecleaningupthe

world'strashandprovidingnecessaryfuel.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillin

eachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Todaywecontinueourseriesonecologyandconservationwithalookataparticularlyendangeredmemberof

theblackbearfamily.Oneintenblackbearsis(41)bornwithawhitecoat,whichistheresultofa/an(42)

genethatsurfacesinafew.Localpeoplehavenamedit'thespiritbear*.Andaccordingtothelegendsof

thesecommunities,itssnowyfurbringswithitaspecialpower.Becauseofthis,ithasalwaysbeenhighly(43)

bythem——somuchthattheydonotspeakofseeingittoanyoneelse.Itistheirwayofprotectingitwhen

strangersvisitthearea.

Thewhitebear's(44)isquiteinteresting.Thebear'sstrongrelationshipwiththeold-growthrainforestis

acomplexone.Thewhitebearreliesonthehugecenturies-oldtreesintheforestinmanyways.(45),the

old-growthtreeshaveextremelylongrootsthathelppreventerosion(腐蚀)ofthesoilalongthebanksofthemany

fishstreams.Keepingthesebanksundamagedisimportantbecausethesestreamsarehometosalmon,whicharethe

bear'smainfbod(46).Thebear'sfeedinghabitsnurturetheforest(47).Asthebearseat

thesalmon,theyabandontheskinandbonesingreatamountsontheforestfloor,whichprovidevitalnutrients.These

producevegetationthat(48)thousandsofothertypesoflifeforms,frombirdstoinsectsandmore.

Today,thespiritbearlivesoffthecoastoftheprovinceofBritishColumbiaonafewislands.Thereisgreat

concernfortheirsurvivalsinceitisestimatedthatlessthantwohundredofthesewhitebearsremain.Thebestwayto

protectthemistomakeeveryefforttopreservethe(49)balanceoftheirforestenvironment—in

otherwords,theirecosystem.

Thegreatest(50)tothebear'sexistenceisthelossofitshabitat.Overmanyyears,loggingcompanies

havestrippedthelandby(51)alargenumberoftrees.Inaddition,theyhavebuiltroadswhichhave

fracturedtheareaswherethebearusually(52),andmanyhibernationsiteshavealsobeenlost.Thelogging

ofthetreesalongthestreamshasdamagedtheplaceswherethebearsfish.Tomakemattersworse,thenumber

ofsalmoninthosestreamsisdecliningbecausethereisnolegal(53)onfishingatthemoment.

Allthese(54)haveanegativeimpactonthespiritbear'sveryexistence,whichismadeallthe

morefragilebythefactthatreproductionamongthesebearshasalwaysbeen(55)low.Whileitis

importanttomaintainthespiritbear'shabitat,therealsoneedstobemoreemphasisonitsexpansion.Themoveis

justifiedasitwillalsocreatespaceforotherbearsthatarelosingtheirhomes.

41.A.originallyB.actuallyC.speciallyD.cautiously

42.A.externalB.scarceC.circularD.special

43.A.justifiedB.threatenedC.regardedD.instructed

44.A.habitatB.behaviorC.habitD.data

45.A.MoreoverB.ForexampleC.InotherwordsD.Inaddition

46.A.originB.issueC.resourceD.source

47.A.bythewayB.inreturnC.tosomeextentD.onthecontrary

48.A.stimulatesB.owesC.originatesD.sustains

49.A.typicalB.specificC.delicate