2024北京门头沟高三一模英语试题及答案

2024北京门头沟高三一模英语2024.31.本试卷共12页,共100分,考试时长90分钟。考生2.请将条形码粘贴在答题卡相应位置处。须知3.试卷所有答案必须填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。请使用2B涂，用黑色字迹签字笔或钢笔作答。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5,共15)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IwaspreparingfordinnerwithhusbandwhenourdaughterRikkistormedintothesittingroomandmarchedtothesofa.IglancedoutofthewindowandsawourneighborLexiwalkingslowlybacktoherhousewithherheaddown,lookingso1.“WhyLexistaylonger?”Iasked“Idon'twantplaywithRikkicomplained,“Iwishshewouldstopcomingoverhereallthetime.Herdresslooksterribleandsmellsdisgusting.Everyoneinourclasschoosesto2not,Rikki.MaybeshehaveanyonehelpIsaid.3see,herfatherbeganreallyknowhowfeltwhenyoushowedyour4herbecauseIhadthesameexperiencewhenIwasakid.Iwasthepoorkidwithhand-me-downclothes,thekidwhootherslookeddownon.Thatwerestreamingdownherface.Thenwe7Lexicomeoverandhavedinnerwithus.IrememberedLexicomingallsmiles.gathered5nevergoesHetoldherhewantedhertobekindand6,notjudgmentalhurtful.togetherandsoonIsawthegirlstalkingandeyes.8.Theyhadagreattime.IcouldevenseeasweetglowinRikki'sRikkibeganthink9fromthatdayon.cameoverafewtimesafterthat.Theybecamegoodfriends.Rikkihasaheartofgold.isalwaysthefirsttowelcomethosewhomothersmight10isgenerousinhelpingothers.Itrulybelievethatdaymadeamajordifferenceinthepersonshehasbecome1.A.funny2.A.punish3.A.habitB.upsetC.relaxedC.respectC.faultD.sillyD.ignoreD.qualityB.inspireB.attitudeB.selfishnessB.thoughtB.curiousB.invited4.A.coldness5.A.dream6.A.honest7.A.assumedC.strictnessD.nervousnessC.feelingC.normalC.remindedD.smellD.helpfulD.warned第1页/共9页8.A.laughing9.A.activelyB.C.cryingC.professionallyD.differentlyC.dependonD.communicatewithD.shoppingB.creatively10.A.worryaboutB.turnaway第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AWhenhewas7yearsold,FrancisKerelefthisfamilytoattendschoolbecausehisvillagedidnothaveoneof(it)own.Thirteenyearshemovedtodreamedofreturninghometobuildtheclassroomthatdidn'tthenexist.In2001,Kerecompletedhisfirstschool12(build).Hethen13(creative)transformedhisvillageandothercommunitiesinAfrica.In2022,he“NobelPrizeinarchitecture”,thePritzkerPrize.Bdevelopasnackallknowandlove,companieshavetoworkout14peoplehaveanappetitecompaniesoftenaskcustomerstochoosetheflavorstheyfancyonapps,15(lbok)outforlatesttastetrends.Snacktrendsalsochangeovertime.Whensupermarkets16(encourage)toremoveunhealthysnacksfromthecashierdesk,companiesarequicktoprovidehealthiertreats.C17February10,thefirstdayoftheoftheDragon,thecrowdinapublicsquareinLondonburstintocheers.SixteendancersperformedtheChaoshandance,atraditionalChinesefolkdance18(celebrate)ChineseNewIntheChaoshanregionofGuangdongprovince,19thedanceoriginated,peoplebelieveitbringsgoodluckforThisperformance20(attract)millionsoftouristssince2023.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分,共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAreyoureadytobecomeaninternationalUNcancontributeyourtime,skillsandknowledgethroughvolunteeringwiththeUN.Thisisanopportunitycreateapositiveimpactandbeasignificantforceforachievingpeaceanddevelopment.Makeadifferencetothelivesofmany!ThefirststeptovolunteerabroadwiththeUNtodeterminewhetheryoumeettheminimumrequirements.Ifthisisthecase,registeryourprofileourUnifiedPlatform.Then,youmayapplyforassignmentsthatareinhighdemandoreveninhighlyspecializedareas.TheminimumagetoserveasaninternationalUNis18yearsold.therearespecificrequirementsforvariouscategories:UNincludingUniversitymustbeaged18-26,UNspecialistsmustbeatleast27yearsold,andUNExpertmustbe35yearsofage第2页/共9页andabove.Therealsoberequirementsofrelevantprofessionalandacademicexperience,aswellaslanguageproficiency(熟练).RefertotheDescriptionofAssignmentfortheUNassignmentforthepositionyouareapplyingforbecauseassignmentshavetheirspecificrequirements.AllUNmustdisplayamitmenttothevaluesprinciplesofvolunteerismandtheactivitiesoftheUnitedNationsandtheUNandanabilitytoworkinamulticulturalenvironmentandwithlocalpartnersandcommunities.Theyshouldbepreparedadjusttodifficultlivingconditionsinsometimesremotelocations.UNshouldbeprofessional,withstronginterpersonalandorganizationalskills.21.WhichisarequirementforbeinginternationalUNA.Havingapositiveimpact.B.Beingyoungerthan18yearsold.C.Havingrelevantworkexperience.D.Beingtalentedinforeignlanguages.22.IfselectedasaUNonewillneedtoA.showhiseducationlevel.B.improvelocallivingconditionsC.followtherulesoftheactivitiesD.communicatewithothersefficiently23.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.Everyassignmenthasitsparticularrequirements.B.Ifyoumeettherequirements,youcanregisterbyemail.C.UNwillworkremotelocationsD.Asayoushouldmakeprinciplesofvolunteerism.Bmotherneedsanewheart,”myfathertoldmewhenIcalledonthatDecemberafternoon.Anunrelentingoptimist,hespokeasshemerelyneededtohaveapartreplaced.But,althoughtwosistersandIknewthatourmotherhadheartproblems,thisnewsstillmadeusfrozenforawhilewithoureyeswideningdisbelief.MarcSemigranofthetransplantteamreviewedmedicalShe’dhadirregularandrapidheartbeatformostofherlife.Herpresenttreatment——theuseofaseriesofcardioversions,orelectricjolts,torestoreanormalheartbeat——wouldnotworkthelong-term.Shehadanweakenedheart,aswellasafaultyvalve.medication,”Semigransaid,“youhavea60percentchanceoflivingsixmonths.couldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.atthetopendoftheagegroupofsixtyyearsold.Thelungsandothermustbehealthyandstrong.Whilethetransplantsuryisactuallyastraightforwardprocedure,acceptancebythebodyisthedifficultthing.”Myfamilytryingprovidestrengthandworkoutwhattodo.alreadygonefromshock,overourmother'scondition,toworrythatshewouldn'tbeasuitablerecipient.Despiteoftherisk,wechosetobelievethatshewouldmakeitcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintotheprogramme.JeremyRuskintoldusoneofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthathadsuchstrongfamilysupport.OneMondayinabout8p.m.,mymotherreceivedaphonecallfromthehospitalthataheartwas第3页/共9页available.Asshewasaboutbewheeledmyfathertookherfacehishandsandlookedintohereyes.Hislooksaideverythingabouttheir42-yearrelationship.ThehearttransplantoperationwassuccessfulandtheconditionscouldnothavebeenTheironyofthetransplantprocessisthatonelossisgain;thattragedybegetsfortune.Itisakindoflifeafterdeath,ourheartsbeatingbeyondus.developedafeelingofloveforthispart,ofgratitudeforthedoctors,fortheprocess,andforthosepeoplemadeadecisionjustfor24.Howdidsistersfeeltothenewsthattheirmotherneededanewheart?A.Frightened.B.Astonished.C.Annoyed.25.Whichisthefactortothepossibilityoftheirmother'shearttransplant?A.Herabnormalheartbeat.B.ageofoversixtyyearsold.CHerwillingnessthetransplant.D.Theadaptationoftheheartinthe26.Whatmadethetransplantteamdecidetohavetheoperation?A.ThatherlungswereB.Thatanewhearthadbeenfound.CThatherfamilywereexpectingtheoperation.D.Thatherfamilytrustedthedoctors'medicallevel.27.Whatcanlearnfromthepassage?A.Familysupportisofgreatimportance.B.Fortunefavorsthosewhoareoptimistic.C.Confidencehelpspatientsovercomedifficulties.D.Gettingpreparedbeforeacceptingatreatmentmatters.CArtificialintelligenceisalmosttwiceasaccurateasabiopsy(活组织检查)atjudgingtheaggressivenessofsomecancers,expertsCancerkills10millionpeoplegloballyeveryaccordingtotheWHO.ButforpatientsthediseasecanbepreventedifdetectedinstantlyanddealtwithArecentsuggestedAIalgorithm(算法)wasfarbetterthanabiopsyatcorrectlygradingtheaggressivenessofsarcomas(肉瘤),arareformofResearchershopeAIwillimproveoutcomesforpatientsbygivingdoctorsamoreaccurateofgradingtumours(肿瘤).Becausehigh-gradetumourscanindicateaggressivedisease,thetoolcouldhelpensurethosehigh-riskpatientsidentifiedmorequicklyandtreatedLow-riskpatientscouldalsobesparedunnecessarytreatments,follow-upscansandhospitalvisits.Researchersthealgorithmcouldbeappliedtoothertypesofcancerinfuture.Theteamspecificallylookedatretroperitonealsarcomas,whichdevelopthebackoftheabdomenandarediagnose(诊断)andtreatduetotheirlocation.TheyusedCTscansfrom170patientswiththetwomostcommonformsofretroperitonealsarcoma——leiomyosarcomaandliposarcoma.UsingdatafromthesescanstheycreatedAIalgorithm,whichwasthentestedon89patientsinothercountries.Ingradinghowaggressivethetumourwas,thetechnologywasaccuratein82%ofthecases,whilebiopsieswere44%.AIcouldalsorecognizeleiomyosarcomaandliposarcoma84%ofsarcomastested,whileradiologistswere第4页/共9页abletoidentifythem65%ofthecases.ChristinaMessiou,thestudysaid:incrediblyexcitedbythepotentialofthisstate-of-the-artwhichcouldleadtopatientshavingbetteroutcomesthroughfasterdiagnosis.Aspatientswithretroperitonealsarcomaareroutinelyscannedwithwehopethistoolwilleventuallybeusedensuringnotjustspecialistcentrescanreliablyidentifyandgradethedisease.”RichardDavison,chiefexecutiveofSarcomaUK,saidtheresultslooked“verypromising”.Headded:“PeoplearemorelikelysurvivesarcomaifdiagnosedOneinpeoplewithsarcomacancerwaitmorethanayearreceiveanaccuratediagnosis,soresearchthathelpspatientsreceivebettertreatmentandsupportiswelcome.”28.Accordingthepassage,AIiscapableofA.gradingtherisksarcomas.B.measuringthescaleofsarcomasC.providingcancertreatmentforcliniciansD.classifyingcancerswithitsadvancedalgorithm29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthispassage?A.MoresarcomascanbedetectedwiththehelpAI.B.BiopsieswillbereplacedAIalgorithminidentifyingcancers.C.MorepatientssufferingfromcancerswillbenefitfromAIalgorithm.D.AIalgorithmhasbeenappliedinhospitalsfordetectingmostcancers.30.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.AIhasaprofoundmarketcuringcancers.B.NewtreatmentsforsarcomasarewellC.AIhelpsidentifyhigh-riskandlow-riskpatients.D.AIdoesbetterinassessingsometypesofsarcomas.DArecentglobalwhichsurveyed10,000youngpeoplefrom10countries,showedthatnearly60percentofthemwereextremelyworriedaboutthefuturestateoftheplanet.Thereport,whichwaspublishedinTheLancet,alsoshowedthatnearlyhalfoftherespondentssaidthatsuchdistressaffectedthemandthreequartersagreedwiththestatementthat“thefutureisfrightening.”This,alongwithmanyotherstudies,showsclearlythatclimatechangenotjustathreattotheenvironmentthatweinhabit.Italsoposesaveryrealthreattoouremotionalwell-being.Psychologistshavecategorizedthesefeelingsofgriefandworryaboutthecurrentclimateacommonoccurrenceamongyouthunderthelabelof“eco-anxiety”.Eco-anxietydoesn'tjustyoungpeople.Italsoresearcherswhoworkinclimateandecologicalscience,burdenedbytherealitydepictedbytheirfindings,anditthemosteconomicallymarginalized(化的)acrosstheglobe,whobearthedamagingimpactsofclimatebreakdown.In2024,eco-anxietywillrisetobecomeoneoftheleadingcausesofmentalhealthproblems.reasonsareobvious.Scientistsestimatethattheworldlikelybreachsafelimitsoftemperatureriseabovepre-industriallevelsforthefirsttimeby2027.Inrecentyears,we'veseenwildfirestearthroughCanadaandGreece,andsummerfloodsruinregionsPakistanthatarehomenearly33millionpeople.Studieshaveshownthatthoseimpactedbyairpollutionandrisingtemperaturesaremorelikelyexperiencepsychologicaldistress.makemattersworse,facingclimatecrisis,ourpoliticalclassisnotofferingstrongleadership.TheCOP28第5页/共9页conferenceDubaiwillbeheadedbyanoilandgascompanyexecutive.IntheUK,thegovernmentisbacktrackingonitsgreencommitments.greaterlevelsofeco-anxietywillalsoanavenueforresolvingtheclimatecrisisAccordingCarolineHickman,aresearcheroneco-anxietyfromtheUniversityofBath,anyoneexperiencingeco-anxietyisdisplayingentirelynaturalandrationalreactionstotheclimatecrisis.Thisis2024,wewillalsoseemorepeoplearoundtheworldjothefightclimatejusticeandseekjobsthatprioritizeenvironmentalCampaignerswillputincreasedpressureonfossilfuelindustriesandthegovernmentsrapidlyabandontheusageofpollutingcoal,oil,andgas.It'snowclearthatnotonlyaretheseindustriesthemaincausesfortheclimatecrisis,theyarealsoresponsibleforthementalhealthcrisis,whichisstartingtomostofus.Eco-anxietyisnotsomethingwilldefeatwithbutsomethingwewilltacklebytakingaction.31.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thecauseofeco-anxietyemotionsexistingourmind.B.PeopledevelopedcountriesaremorelikelyfromC.Eco-anxietyisanewkindofpsychologicaldiseasedueclimatechange.D.Theauthordisappointedaboutgovernmentbehaviourtowardsclimatecrisis.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“breach”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Break.33.AsforCarolineHickman'sopinionontheauthorisA.puzzledB.favourableC.suspiciousD.unconcernedB.Reach.C.Raise.D..34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhoIstoBlameforEco-anxiety?B.HowShouldSeeEco-anxiety?C.HowEco-anxietyBeResolved?D.WhyDoPeoplefromEco-anxiety?第二节共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Morethanaquarterhavetothefontsizeontheirmobilephonetheyreadit35Meanwhile,28%regularlysquint(眯眼看)atthescreen.Andallofthemaresignsofeye“Theresearchhasshownoureyesnotdesignedbefixedonasingleobjectforalongtime,especiallysmallerlaptopsorsmartdevices.36Evenworse,staringatthescreenconstantlycanleadtodryeyesyndrome,”saysGilesEdmonds,aclinicalserviceDryeyesyndromeisaconditionwheretheeyesnotmakeenoughtears,orthetearsevaporatetooHerearesomesimplesolutionstopreventeyestrainandirritation,andpreserveyoureyehealthoverall.Restyoureyes.Followthe20:20:20rule,lookingupfromyourscreenevery20minutesandlooksomething20feetawayforatleastseconds.37Itinturnreduceseyetiredness.Adjustyourworkstation.Changeyourscreensettingstoensurethatthebrightnessandcontrastarebalancedaswellasmaking第6页/共9页fontsAlso,bemindfulofhowyourworkstationispositioned.Adjustyourscreenensuringis15-20degreesbeloweyelevelandaround50-70cmawayfromtheeyes.38Reduceglare(眩光).39.reducingthisbyattachinganti-glarescreenyourmonitororlaptopavoidexternallightshiningontothescreen.Glasseswearerscanalsohavelensestreatedwithananti-glarecoating.A.Peopleshouldtrytoreducethetimespentonscreen.B.Onecanreadhisfavoritepaperbooksinsteadofe-books.C.Halfconfessthey'reforcedimagestothemD.Anotherthingtofocusonistomakesureyourroomisproperlylit.E.Lookingintothedistancehelpsrelaxthefocusingmusclesofyoureyes.Reflectionsonyourcomputerscreencancauseglareandleadtoeyefatigue.G.Theymayfeeluncomfortable,painful,tiredandevenstarttoitch(发痒)orburn.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共小题;第40412分,第423分,第435分,共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Thefirstpairsofjeansweredesignedblue-collarworkers.Overthecourseofthe20ththeworking-classpantshavetransformedintofashioniconsandbecomepopulararoundtheworld.eachnewpairyoubuyhasamuchhighercostthanyoumightthink.Everypairofjeanstakesabout0.7kilogramsofcotton.Growingthismuchcottonrequiresroughly10,000litersofnottomentionvariousherbicidesandpesticides,whichcanpolluteplasticfibersaremixedwithcottonthreadstoincreasecomfortandInorderthecloth,chemicalspraysandseveralcyclesofacid-washingareadopted,dischargingtoxicpollutantsintoriversandeventurnthemintoindigo-blue.Also,therearethezippers,buttons,andrivetsofcopperandothermetals,whoseminingisyetanothersourceofenvironmentaldegradation.Allall,themanufacturing()processforasinglepairofjeansemitsover33kilogramsofcarbon——theequivalentofdrivingoverkilometers.Likemanygloballyproducedproducts,jeansaremadepoorcountriesandboughtrichones.Muchoftheworld'scottonisgrownindevelopingcountries,withpoorlaborpracticesandfewprotectionsworkers.Cottonhereisoftenpickedbychildrenorforcedtheirhealthmaybethreatenedbypoisonouschemicalsduringproduction.Becauseofthefast-pacedandroughmanufacturingwithunnaturalmaterials,mostpairslastnolongerthanaLikemostwaste,discardedjeansendupinlandfills,wheretheirdecompositionreleasesgreenhousegas.Somegovernmentsarepursuingpoliciestomakecompaniesmoreresponsibleworkerpayandwelfare,butunsustainablepracticesstillruncrazyt