《高考英语学科复习关键问题指导与训练》-阅读理解中的问题突破与指导 阅读试题 第一套

2022届高三考英语学科复习关键问题指导与训练》第四次选送——阅读理解中的问题突破与指导阅读理解在新高考英语试卷中，赋予了较多的内容和较高的分值，主要考查学生能否正确理解阅读文本并从文本中找到解决问题答案的能力，对学生英语学科素养要求较高，是高中英语的教学与复习的重点与难点。目前，在高三复习阶段教学和测试中，学生在阅读理解中语篇整体意义、逻辑关系和内在连贯等综合阅读能力方面把握不足，寻找关键词能力较差，联系前后句、根据上下文意思把握不准，即使找到信息也无法较好地对信息进行概括、整合与分析。语篇中长难句依然是学生阅读理解过程中最大的障碍。在高考中考生在阅读理解中D篇得分率较低，失分尤其突出。为了使阅读复习更有针对性，有效解决阅读中学生的问题，寻找进一步的突破，我们组织了中国教育学会普通高中新课程实施“领航计划”福建省高中教师新高考适应能力提升培训班的老师制作54个了“阅读中关键问题的突破和指导”的课件，我们再推出18位老师的课件，供大家参考使用。同时，我们也推出近几年来省质检命题人员编制的阅读适应性练习4套供学生训练使用。阅读试题（第一套）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWOW!ASimpleWaytoUseComputerTheWOW!Computerputstheworldatyourfingertips.Justtouchabigandeasytoreadbuttononthescreenandyou’reonyourway!●Onetouchtext“zoom”upto200%.●USbasedcustomersupport.●Nosoftwaretobuy—ever!●Setsupin5minutes.●It’sevenonsale!It’saTouchScreenThebig,brightscreeniseasytoseeandpushbuttonnavigationmakesgettingaroundasnap.There’snowaytobreakitbypushingthewrongbuttonormakingamistake.Justinsertyourhighspeedinternetconnectionandyou’reonlineinminutes.It’sAllYouNeedThere’snoadditionalsoftwaretobuy—ever!NewprogramsandupdatesareprovidedautomaticallyforthelifeofyourWOW!Computer.Itcomeswithallofthisandmuchmore:●Videochat,email&calendar●Digitalphotoframescreensaver●Anti-virusprotection●BuiltingameslikeMineFinder&SolitaireTrytheWOW!ComputerWe’veevenputtheWOW!Computeronsale!AndwithfirstSTREET’sexclusive30days,100%SatisfactionGuarantee,youcantrytheWOW!Computerinyourhometobesureit’sjustwhatyou(oryourlovedones)need.Justclickthebigyellowbuttonbeloworcall877-791-8268toaddsomeWOW!toyourlife!Tryitfor30daysandifyou’renotcompletelysatisfied,returnitforafullrefund(退还)ofyourpurchaseprice.Therearenocontractsorlongtermcommitments.21.WhatisthemosttechnologicalcharacteristicoftheWOW!Computer?A.Abrightbutton.B.Abuilt-ingame.C.Atouchscreen. D.Anti-virusprotection.22.WhatcanweinferabouttheWOW!Computer?A.Itwillneverbreakdown.B.Itsellscheapertotheold.C.Ithasfewsoftwaresyouneed.D.Itisespeciallysuitablefortheold.23.Whatdoesthistextprobablyappear?A.Inanewspaper. B.OntheInternet.C.Inamagazine. D.OnTV.24.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheWOW!Computer?A.Creative. B.Cheap.C.Expensive. D.Funny.BOnesunnyMonday,Idecidedtogoforawalk.Thereisabeautifuldirttracknearmyhousethatrunsalongariverforabout2km.Onmyfingerwasaveryspecialring:I’donlyjustpickeditupfromthejeweller’sthedaybeforebecauseI’dhaditdesignedtoholdadiamondgiventomebymygrandmotherformy21stbirthday.IlookeddownatmyringasIbeganmywalk,feelingassunnyastheday.ImaginemysadnesswhenIlookedagainattheendofthetrackandsawaholeinthesettingwherethediamondshouldhavebeen.Itwasmissing.Panicked,Istartedbackalongthepath,lookingfranticallyforthestone.Inmyheart,Iknewhowhopelessmysearchwas.Thetrackwaslong,stonyandcoveredwithleavesanddebris(碎片).AsIscannedtheground,cryingandextremelyworried,Imetaneldergentlemanoutforawalk.“What’sthematter,love?”heaskedkindly.“Lostsomething?”Iexplainedaboutthemissingdiamondandshowedhimtheholeinmyring.Hewhistled.“That’sgonnabehardtofind.Tellyouwhat,love,Iwalkalongthistrackeveryday,I’llkeepmyeyesopenforit.”Ithankedhim,expectingnothing,buttoldhimmyhusbandoftenwalksourdogsalongthepathifheeverfoundsomething.Afewdayslater,myhusbandmetthegentlemanonthepath.“Guesswhat?”hesaid.“Ifoundyourdiamond!”Unbelievably,he’dfoundthetinystoneandwasdelightedtohandthediamondbacktomyhusband,sayingcasually,“LuckyIfoundit—Ionlyhave50percentsightinoneeye.”Whenmyhusbandofferedhimmoneyforhistrouble,herefusedit.Hecouldhaveeasilykeptthediamond,orsoldit,asit’sworthseveralthousanddollars,but,thankstothisman,I’llspendtherestofmydaystryingtodosomethingequallysignificantforanotherperson.AndifI’meverworriedaboutthestateofthehumanrace,allIhavetodoislookatmyringandremindmyselfthattherearestillkindandgeneroussoulsoutthere.25.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheoldman?A.Richandgenerous. B.Carefulandbrave.C.Kindandhonest. D.Patientandmodest.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“frantically”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Casually. B.Anxiously.C.Excitedly. D.Deliberately.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutthediamond?A.Thewriterboughtitinthejeweller’s.B.Ithadaholeinthesetting.C.Itwasagiftfromthewriter’sgrandma.D.Theowner’shusbandpaidtoregainit.28.Whatsectionofamagazinedoesthistextprobablycomefrom?

A.LifeWellLived. B.TheHolidaySeason.C.ImportantFacts.D.ThePowerofGood.CSometimeseventhebesttechnologyisn’taspowerfulasalotofpeopleworkingtogether.AtNASA(美国宇航局),forexample,satelliteshelpscientistsstudyclouds.Camerasandothertoolsonthosesatellitesdoagreatjobofseeingcloudsallovertheplanet.“You’renotabletogetasenseforwhat’shappeningwiththecloudsinoneareathroughouttheday,”saysTayloratNASA.“Butcitizenscientistscanfillthosegaps.”NASAcollectsdatafromcitizenscientistswhoobservecloudsatlotsofdifferenttimes.Theyprovidereportswithweatherdata.Thelargenumbersofobservationsarehelpful.NASAscientistsusethemtomakesuretheymatchsatellitedata.Thatwaytheyknowwhethersatellitesareworkingcorrectly.“It’scrowd-sourcingatitsfinest,”Taylorsays.“Whenyoucombineeveryone’sobservationsovertime,allthoseestimatesaverageouttocreatemoreandmoreaccurateinformation.”Also,sometypesofsatellites“see”differentlythanwedo.Forexample,somesatelliteslookingdownatEarthcan’ttellthedifferencebetweensnowandacloud.“Botharewhiteandreallycold,”Taylorexplains.Thatcanmakeithardforthesatellitesensorstotellthemapart.But“ontheground,itwouldneverbeaquestion.”Andthisiswhereahuman’seyescanbebetterthanasatellite’s.Kidscansometimesofferanewwayoflookingatanissue,bringinganewidea,anditpartnersstudentswithscientists.Thatcanbehelpfulwhenscientistsgetstuckandcan’tthinkofnewwaystoapproachaproblem.Atthebeginningofaproject,kidsoftenaskabouttheanswertoaresearchquestion.Studentsareusuallysurprisedandexcitedtofindoutthatnooneactuallyknowstheanswer,andthatit’stheirjobtohelpmakediscoveries.29.HowcanNASAgetamoreaccurateresultinstudyingclouds?A.Bysatellites’watchinginspace.B.Withthehelpofcitizenscientists.C.Byphotostakenbycameraontheearth.D.Withvarioustoolsonthesatellites.30.Whatdoweknowaboutthesatellitesensors?A.Theyaren’tfitforcoldweather.B.Theyseethingsonearthclearly.C.Theyworkabnormallywhencloudy.D.Theymakemistakessometimes.31.Whatmaymatterwhenkidsdoaresearchproject?A.Newwaysandideas.B.Thescientists’instructions.C.Theperfectresearchconditions.D.Theanswertotheresearchquestion.DChinabecamethefirstcountrytocloneamonkeyusingnon-reproductivecells,reducingtheneedtoraiselabmonkeysandpavingthewayformoreaccurate,effective,andaffordableanimaltestsfornewdrugs.ByDecember,theInstituteofNeuroscienceoftheChineseAcademyofScienceshadcreatedtwoclonemonkeysnamed“ZhongZhong”and“HuaHua”bynucleartransferringofsomatic(身体的)cells.ThiswasthesimilartechnologyusedtocreatethefamousclonesheepDollyin1996.Tetra,arhesusmonkeybornin1999,istheworld’sfirstever-clonedmonkey,butitwasdoneusingasimplermethodcalledembryo(胚胎)splitting,butitcouldonlygeneratefourclonedoffspringatatimeandcannotbegeneticallychangedtosuitexperimentalneeds,saidPuMuming,anacademicianofCAS.“Cloningamonkeyusingsomaticcellshasbeenaworld-classchallengebecauseitisaprimate(灵长类动物)thatsharesitsgeneticmakeupwithhumans,”hesaid.“Fordrugandotherlabtests,scientistshavetopurchasemonkeysfromallovertheworld,whichiscostly,badfortheenvironmentandproducesinaccurateresultsbecauseeachmonkeymighthavedifferentgenes,”Pusaid.“Bycloningmonkeyusingsomaticcells,wecanmasscultivatelargenumbersofgeneticallyidenticaloffspringinashortamountoftime,andwecanevenchangetheirgenestosuitourneeds,”headded.“Thiscansavetime,cutdownexperimentcosts,andproducemoreaccurateresults,leadingtomoreeffectivemedicine.”SunQiang,directorofthenon-humanprimateresearchfacilityattheinstitute,saidmostofthedrugtrialsarecurrentlydoneonlabmice.However,drugsthatworkonmicemightnotworkorevenhaveseveresideeffectsonhumansbecausethetwospeciesaresodifferent.“Monkeysandhumansarebothprimates,sotheyaremuchcloselyrelatedandtestingonmonkeysissupposedtobeaseffectiveastestingonhumans,”hesaid.“ThisisespeciallyusefulintestingdrugsforneuraldiseasessuchasParkinson’sdisease,andimmunesystemdisease,”headded.32.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Chinawasthefirstcountrytocloneamonkey. B.Chinawillproducemoreaffordablenewdrugs.C.Moreaccurateandeffectivetestswillbeperformedonanimals.D.AmonkeyhasbeenclonedinChinausingnon-reproductivecells.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“offspring”inParagraph3mean?A.Cells. B.Animal’sbabies. C.Children. D.Sheep.34. WhatdidPuMumingsayaboutChina’scloningofamonkey?A.Itistoughbutbeneficial. B.Itcontributestomentalresearch.C.It’sacostlyexperiment. D.Ithelpschangehumangenes.35.WhatcanweinferfromDirectorSun’swords?A.Humansarequitedifferentfrommice.B.Monkeysandhumanshavecloserelationships.C.Drugstrialsmightbedoneonlabmonkeysinthefuture.D.Medicinesmadefrommonkeyswillappearonthemarket.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Makingdecisionsinlifecanbetough.Ifyou’vebeenaroundevenalittlewhile,youknowthat.You’vebeenthroughit.36Forallofus,thosetoughdecisionsweighheavilyonourminds.Wecan’tescapeit.Herearesomesuggestionstohelpyouwhenfacinglife’sdifficultcrossroads.Getasmuchinformationasyoucanaboutthesituation.

37Thusyougaintheconfidenceyouneedwhenmakingdecisionstomakethebestdecisionpossible.Thisisveryimportantbecausemoretimesthannotyouwillfindyourselfunabletomakeadecisionuntilmoreinformationislearnedaboutthesituation.38Whatoptionsdoyouactuallyhaveinthis