2023年应用电化学试卷A+

2023级应用化学专业《应用电化学》期末考试试卷(A卷)考试日期： ； 考试时量： 120分钟 班级： ； 学号： ； 姓名：题号题号总分值得分一20二40三20四20一、填空题〔51分〕DSAistheabbreviationofPEMFCistheabbreviationof的Hg电极上荷 电，比电极电位为0.10v的Hg电极上剩余电荷 〔少或多〕电极电位是指 ，过电位是指5、专业名词翻译腐蚀 ,极化 ,电化学 , 阳极 ,electrochemicalequivalent , dipolardoublelayer ,electricmigration ,interfacialtension ,electrodeposition 交换电流密度 ,电导率 ,convection ,metalfinishing ,compositeplating ,二、问答题〔58分〕1、简述电化学极化和浓度极化的特点。2、简述电镀、阳极氧化和电泳涂装的特点。3、如何提高电池的能量密度？4、Ingeneral,thecoppersaltsareaddedintothesolutionintheindustrialcementationofCd,Co,NiwithZnpowdertoimprovepurificationprocess.Why?么？三、翻译〔210分〕〔1〕Aluminiumisnormallyproducedfromtheore,bauxite 〔铝土矿〕,whichisahydratedaluminiumoxidecontainingsilicaandothermetaloxides,particularlyiron.Itisconvertedtoapurealumina.Theoreisfirsttreatedwithsodiumhydroxideunderpressure.Thealuminiumlargelydissolvesasthealuminate,theironoxideisinsolubleandthesilicaalsoremainsintheformofasodiumaluminiumsilicate,whichleadstoalossofaluminium.〔2〕Pittingispossiblythemostcommontypeoflocalizedattack.Itusuallyoccursonanoxide-coveredsurfaceduetothepresenceofanaggressivespecies,e.g.Cl-whichpreventscompletepassivation,togetherwith asufficientlyhighanodicpotential.Pittingattackisoftenautocatalyticandself-stimulatinginnatureFluidmechanicsisthestudyofthemotionofflowingorstirredfluids,usuallyliquidsorgases.Quantitativefluidmechanicsisbaseduponthecontinuityequationswhichstatethatallpointsinspace,charge,mass,momentumand,forinviscid flow(i.e.fluidswherenoviscousforcesoperate)energymustbeconserved.Thissectionwilldealmainlywiththequalitativeconceptsbecauseoftheverycomplexnatureofflowinmostelectrolysers.Itisknownthattherearethreemodesofmasstransport:electricmigration,diffusionandconvection.Inmost,theflowistoocomplextowarrantadetailedfluid-mechanicalcalculation.Rather,thenormalapproachtomasstransportinelectrolysiscellsistotreatthecellasaunifiedwholeandtoseekexpressionsintermofspace-averagedquantitieswhichpermitsomeinsightintothemasstransportconditionswithinthecell.四、计算题〔210分〕1、HowmanytonsofCl2,H2,NaOHcanbeproducedinthecellwhichelectrodeareaareareaofanodeandcathodeissame)whenthecurrentdensityis10kA/m2.Iftheanodecurrentefficiencyis97%,howmanytonsofCl2canbeinpracticeproduced？22.0〔Pb207.2,O16,S32〕中南大学考试试卷参考答案2023 -- 2023 学年上学期 120分钟应用电化学 课程 32 学时2学分考试形式：闭卷专业年级： 应用化学04级 分，占总评成绩70%一、填空题〔51分〕DSAistheabbreviationof DimensionallyStableAnodePEMFCistheabbreviationof Protonexchangemembranefuelcell Hg电极上0.10vHg电极上剩余电荷少〔少或多〕电极电位是指电极材料和离子导体〔溶液〕的内电位差，过电位是指5、专业名词翻译腐蚀corrosion,极化Polarization,电化学Electrochemistry, 阳极Anode,electrochemicalequivalent电化当量 , dipolardoublelayer偶极双电层,electricmigration电迁移,interfacialtension界面张力, electrodeposition电沉积,交换电流密度Exchangecurrentdensity,电导率conductivity, convection 对流 ,metalfinishing 金属外表精整 ,compositeplating复合镀层 ,二、问答题〔58分〕1、简述电化学极化和浓度极化的特点。极化是电流通过电极时，电极电势偏离平衡电极电势的现象。浓差极化——在电解过程中〔指离开电极较远、浓度均匀的溶液〕浓度发生了差异所致。势的现象。2、简述电镀、阳极氧化和电泳涂装的特点。电镀、阳极氧化和电泳涂装都是通过电解来对金属外表进展精饰的技术。电镀：以待镀零件为阴极，通过电解，金属阳极离子在阴极上复原沉积，从而在金属外表得到金属层。阳极氧化：待饰金属作阳极，通过电解，阳极发生氧化，外表形成一层氧化膜。电泳涂装：通过电解，电泳涂料在金属外表沉积形成聚合物层3、如何提高电池的能量密度？减小电池的体积；增加一些密度大的活化物质；减小电化当量。4、Ingeneral,thecoppersaltsareaddedintothesolutionintheindustrialcementationofCd,Co,NiwithZnpowdertoimprovepurificationprocess.Why?参与Cu盐后，可以使Zn粉末置换出Cu，掩盖在Cd、Co、Ni外表形成Cu-Zn微电池，产生确定电动势，电动势促进Zn粉置换的速度，使金属离子发生复原反响的速率加快。Zn粉置换出Cd、Co、Ni，溶液浓度下降，参与Cu盐充当电解质的作用，提高电解的程度。参与铜盐后，ZnCu，CuCd、Co、Ni外表形成一层均匀、致密的膜，有利于纯化时Cd、Co、Ni的析出。Cu了析氢反响的发生。5、稳定的电位就是平衡电位，不稳定的电位就是不平衡电位，这种说法对吗？为什么？不是。从平衡电位与不平衡电位的定义说明。〔略〕三、翻译〔210分〕〔1〕Aluminiumisnormallyproducedfromtheore,bauxite〔铝土矿〕,whichisahydratedaluminiumoxidecontainingsilicaandothermetaloxides,particularlyiron.Itisconvertedtoapurealumina.Theoreisfirsttreatedwithsodiumhydroxideunderpressure.Thealuminiumlargelydissolvesasthealuminate,theironoxideisinsolubleandthesilicaalsoremainsintheformof sodiumaluminiumsilicate,whichleadstoalossofaluminium.铝通常是由金属矿石,铝土矿制取，得到的是水合氧化铝，并且含有硅和其他金属氧化物,尤其是铁的氧化物.然后由水合的氧化铝转化为纯洁的氧化铝.矿石首先用氢氧化钠进展处理.酸钠的形态存在，这样造成铝有确定的损失。〔2〕Pittingispossiblythemostcommontypeoflocalizedattack.Itusuallyoccursonanoxide-coveredsurfaceduetothepresenceofanaggressivespecies,e.g.Cl-whichpreventscompletepassivation,togetherwith asufficientlyhighanodicpotential.Pittingattackisoftenautocatalyticandself-stimulatinginnature小孔腐蚀是一种最常见的局部腐蚀。通常认为是从氧化物薄膜的外表发生的，由于小孔腐蚀往往是自发的和自我催化的。Fluidmechanicsisthestudyofthemotionofflowingorstirredfluids,usuallyliquidsorgases.Quantitativefluidmechanicsisbaseduponthecontinuityequationswhichstatethatallpointsinspace,charge,mass,momentumand,forinviscid flow(i.e.fluidswherenoviscousforcesoperate)energymustbeconserved.Thissectionwilldealmainlywiththequalitativeconceptsbecauseoftheverycomplexnatureofflowinmostelectroly.Itisknownthattherearethreemodesofmasstransport:electricmigration,diffusionandconvection.Inmost,theflowistoocomplextowarrantadetailedfluid-mechanicalcalculation.Rather,thenormalapproachtomasstransportinelectrolysiscellsistotreatthecellasaunifiedwholeandtoseekexpressionsintermofspace-averagedquantitieswhichpermitsomeinsightintothemasstransportconditionswithinthecell.流体力学主要争论流淌的或搅动的流体的运动,流体通常是液体或气体。定量流体力,电荷与质量,动量,并为粘流(即液体没有粘性力操作)保存能量所得到连续性方程为根底。由于在多数电解液中具有格外简洁,有三种模式群众运输:电动迁移,集中.,流程过于简洁,,正常的关于电解槽中的传质方法是将电解槽看成一个统一的整体并且查找允许直接观看在电解槽中的传质条件