生态学专业英语

1、Plot 样方Treatment 处理materials 材料field trial 大田试验design 设计sample 样品斑块patch 半荒漠semi-desert 伴生种companion species 饱和密度saturation density 北方针叶林northern conifer forest 本能instinct 本能行为instinctive behavior 避敌avoiding predator 边缘效应edge effect 变异性variability 表现型适应phenotypic adaptation 并行的simultaneous 捕食predati

2、on 不重叠的non-overlapping 草原生态系统grassland system 层次性结构hierachical structure 长日照植物long day plant 尺度效应scaling effect 臭氧层破坏ozone layer destruction 出生率natality或birth rate 初级生产者primary producer 传感器sensor 垂直结构vertical structure 春化vernalization 次生演替secondary successon 存活曲线survival curve 存活值survival value 存在度p

3、resence 单元的monothetic 淡水生态系统fresh water ecosystem 氮循环nitrogen cycling 等级的hierarchical 地带性生物群落biome 地理信息系统geographic information system 地面芽植物hemicryptophytes 地上芽植物chamaephytes 点突变genic mutation或point mutation 顶极阶段climax stage 顶极群落climax community 顶极种climax species 动态平衡理论dynamic equilibrium theory 短日照

4、植物short day plant 断层gaps 多度abundance 多样化variety 多元的poly thetic厄尔尼诺El Nino 反馈feedback 反射reflex 泛化种generalist 防卫行为defennce behavior 非生物环境physical environment 非线性关系nonlinear 分布dispersion 分解者decomposer 分子进化的中性理论the neutral theory of molecular evolution 分子生态学molecular ecology 浮游动物plankton 负反馈negative fee

5、dback) 负相互作用negative interaction 复合种群metapopulation 富营养化现象eutrohication 改良relamation 盖度coverage 盖度比cover ratio 干扰disturbance 干扰作用interference 高度height 高斯假说Coarses hypothesis 高位芽植物phanerophytes 个体individual 更新renewal 功能生态位functional niche 关键种keystone species 关联系数association coefficients 光饱和点light sat

6、uration point 光补偿点light compensation point 光周期photoperiod 旱生植物siccocolous 红树林mangrove 呼吸量respiration 互利mutualism 互利作用synomonal 化感作用allelopathy 化学生态学chemical ecology 环境environment 环境容纳量environmental carryin capacity 荒漠desert 荒漠化desertification 荒漠生态系统desert ecosystem 黄化现象eitiolation phenomenon 恢复生态学re

7、storation ecology 混合型mixed type 基础生态位Fundamental niche 基质matrix 集群型clumped 寄生parasitism 加速期accelerating phase 价值value 间接排序indirect ordination 间接梯度分析indirect gradiant analysis 减速期decelerating phase 简单聚合法lumping 碱性植物alkaline soil plant 建群种constructive species 进化适应evolutionary adaptation 经典型复合种群classic

8、 metapopulation 经济密度economic density 景观landscape 景观格局landscape patten 景观过程模型process based landscape model 景观结构landscape structure 景观空间动态模型spatial dynamic landscape model 景观生态学landscape ecology 竞争competition 竞争排斥原理competition exclusion principle 距离效应distance effect 聚合的agglomerative 均匀型uniform 可持续发展su

9、stainable development 空间结构spatial structure 空间模型spatial model 空间生态位spatial niche 空间异质性spatial heterogeneity 库pool 廊道corridor 离散性discrete 利己作用allomona 利他作用kairomonal 猎食行为hunting behavior 林冠火crown fire 磷循环phosphorus cycling 零假说null hypothesis 领域性territoriality 流flow 逻辑斯谛方程logistic equation 密度density 密

10、度比density ratio 密度制约死亡densitydependent mortality 面积效应area effect 灭绝extinction 模拟hametic 模型modeling 内稳态homeostasis 内在的intrinsic 耐阴植物shadeenduring plants 能量分配原则principle of energy allocation 能量流动energy flow 年龄分布age distribution 年龄结构age structure 偶见种rare species 排序ordination 配额quota 配偶选择mate selection

11、偏害amensalism 偏利commensalism 频度frequency 平衡选择balancing selection 平台plantform 平行进化parallel evolution 栖息地habitat 气候驯化acclimatisation 器官organs 趋光性phototaxis 趋化性chemotaxis 趋同进化convergent evolution 趋性taxis 趋异进化divergent evolution 趋异适应radiation adaptation 取样调查法sampling methods 去除取样法removal sampling 全球变暖glo

12、bal warnning 全球定位系统global Positioning System 全球生态学global ecology 群丛association 群丛组association group 群落community 群落的垂直结构vertical structure 群落生态学community ecology 群落水平格局horizontal pattern 群落外貌physiognomy 群落演替succession 群系formation 群系组formation group 热带旱生林tropical dry forest 热带季雨林tropical seasonal rain

13、forest 热带稀树草原tropical savanna 热带雨林tropical rainforest 热力学第一定律first law of thermodynamics 人工斑块introduced patch 人工廊道introduced corridor 人口调查法cencus technique 人口统计学human demography 日中性植物day neutral plant 冗余 redundancy 冗余种假说Redundancy species hypothesis 森林生态系统forest ecosystem 熵值entropy value 社会性防卫行为defe

14、nce behavior 社会优势等级dominance hierarchy 摄食行为feed behavior 生活史life history 生活史对策life history strategy 生活小区biotope 生活型life form 生活周期life cycle 生境habitat 生境多样性假说habitat diversity hypothesis 生理出生率physiological natality 生理死亡率physiological mortality 生命表life table 生态出生率ecological natality 生态对策bionomic strat

15、egy 生态反作用ecological reaction 生态幅ecological amplitude 生态工程ecological engineering 生态规划ecological planning 生态恢复ecological restoration 生态旅游ecotourism 生态密度ecological density 生态农业ecological agriculture 生态入侵ecological invasion 生态设计ecological design 生态适应ecological adaptation 生态死亡率ecological mortality 生态位nic

16、he 生态位宽度niche breadth 生态位相似性比例niche proportional similarity 生态位重叠niche overlap 生态文明ecological civilization 生态系统ecosystem 生态系统产品ecosystem goods 生态系统多样性ecosystem diversity 生态系统服务ecosystem service 生态系统生态学ecosystem ecology 生态系统学ecosystemology 生态型ecotype 生态学ecology 生态因子ecological factor 生态元ecological uni

17、t 生态作用ecological effect 生物organism 生物地球化学循环biogecochemical cycle 生物多样性biodiversity 生物量biomass 生物潜能biotic potential 生物群落biotic community，biome 生物群落演替succession 生殖潜能reproductive potential 剩余空间residual space 湿地wetland 湿地植物hygrophyte 时间结构temporal structure 实际出生率realized natality 实际死亡率realized mortality

18、食草动物herbivores 食肉动物carnivores 食物链food chain 食物网food wed 矢量vector 适合度fitness 适应辐射adaptive radiation 适应值adaptive value 适应组合adaptive suites 收获理论harvest theory 收益外泄externalized profit 衰退型种群contracting population 水平格局horizontal pattern 水土流失soil and water erosion 水循环water cycling 死亡率mortality & death rate

19、 酸性土理论acid soil plant 酸雨acid rain 随机型random 常用生态学词汇，英汉对照abundance 多度acclimation 驯化age structure 年龄结构age-specific life table 特定年龄生命表agroecosystem 农业生态系统alleles 等位基因allopatric speciation 异域性物种asexual reproduction 无性生殖association table 群丛表association unit theory 群丛单位理论associations 群丛biocoenosis 生物群落bio

20、concentration 生物浓缩biological enrichment 生物富集biomass 生物量biome 生物带bionomic strategy 生态对策biosphere生物圈bottle neck 瓶颈Some special words in ecology(C)cannibalism 同种相食carnivores 食肉动物carring capacity 负荷量catastrophic 灾难性因素chamaephytes(Ch) 地上芽植物character displacement 特征替代cheliophytes 阴性植物climate climax 气候顶级cl

21、imate school 气候学派climax community 顶级群落climax 顶级群落cline 渐变群closed community 封闭群落clumped 集群分布coadapted system 协同适应系统coarse grained 粗粒性分布co-dynamics 相互动态co-evolution 协同进化cohort 同生群cold desert 冷荒漠colonization 定居, 建群coloration 色泽communities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落communities in the limnetic zone 湖沼带生物群落c

22、ommunities in the profundal zone 深水带生物群落Community ecology 群落生态学community matrix 群落矩阵community organization 群落组织community 群落companion species 伴生种compen-satory predation 补偿性捕食competition coefficient 竞争系数competition hypothesis 竞争假说competitive exclusion 竞争排除competive lottery 抽彩式竞争conservation 保守主义者consp

23、icuousness 显著度constancy 恒有度contest competition 干扰竞争contest type of competition 争夺型竞争continental rise 大陆隆continental shelf 大陆架continental slope 大陆坡convergent adaptation 趋同适应convergent oscillation 趋同波动cost of gene recombination 基因重组价cost of mating 交配价cost of meiosis 减数分裂价courtship behavior 求偶行为coverag

24、e 盖度crude density 原始密度 cryptophytes(Cr) 隐芽植物Some special words in ecology(D)decomposition 分解作用delayed density dependence 延后密度制约density effect 密度效应density ratio 密度比density-dependent 密度制约density-independent 非密度制约deterministic model 决定模型detrial food chain 碎食物链detritus feeder 食碎生物development 发育diagramma

25、tic life table 图解式生命表diapause 滞育differential species 区别种diffuse competition 分散竞争diominant-submissive 支配从属directional selection 定向选择discrete generation 离散世代 disruptive selection 分裂选择disturbance climax/disclimax 偏途顶级divergent oscillation 趋异波动dominance 优势度dominant species 建群种dominant species 优势种dominan

26、t-submissive 支配从属关系dry desert 干荒漠dynamic classification 动态分类系统dynamic life table 动态生命表dynamic-composite life table 动态混合生命表Some special words in ecology(E)earth nucleus 地幔earths crust 地核Ecological amplitude 生态幅ecological density 生态密度ecological dominance 生态优势ecological environment 生态环境ecological equiv

27、alent 生态等值种ecological factor 生态因子ecological force 生态力ecological invasion 生态入侵ecological natality 生态出生率ecological release 生态释放Ecology生态学ecosystem development 生态系统的发育Ecosystem ecology 生态系统生态学ecosystem 生态系统ecotone hypothesis 生态交错带假说ecotype 生态型ectotherm 外温动物edge effect 边缘效应eitolation phenomenon 黄化现象emer

28、gy 能值emigration 迁出endogenous migration 内因性迁移endotherm 内温动物environment hormone 环境激素environment 环境equilibrium theory 平衡理论euphotic zone 透光带euryecious 广栖的euryhaline 广盐性的euryhydric 广水性的euryphagic 广食性的eurythermal 广温性的eurytopic species 广适种eutrophication 富营养化evergreen hardwood forest 常绿硬材林Evolution ecology

29、进化生态学evolution force 进化力exogenous migration 外因性迁移exploitive competition 利用竞争exponetial growth 指数增长Some special words in ecology(F)facultative parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖facultative parthenogenesis 兼性孤雌生殖facultative 兼性因素family selection 家庭选择farmland ecosystem 农田生态系统fecundity schedule 生育力表fecundity 生育力feedba

30、ck 反馈feeding niches 取食生态位filter food 滤食性生物fine grained 细粒性分布finite rate of increase 周限增长率fitness 合适度floristic-structural classification 植物区系结构分类系统fluctuation 波动food chain 食物链formation group 群系组formation 群系formation 植物群系foundational niche 基础生态龛freshwater ecology 淡水生态学freshwater ecosystem 淡水生态系统functi

31、on response 功能反应Some special words in ecology(G)gamete selection 配子选择gaps 缺口gaseous cycle 气体循环geng pool 基因库geographic variation 地理变异geographical theory of speciation 物种形成geometric growth 几何级数增长 geophytes(G) 地下芽植物global ecology 全球生态gradient hypothesis 梯度假说grain 粒性grazer 牧食生物grazing food chain 捕食食物链gr

32、eenhouse effect 温室效应gregarization pheromone 聚集信息素gross primary production 总初级生产力group selection 群体选择group selection 群体选择group selection 群选择growth form 生长型guild 同资源团Some special words in ecology(H)habal zone 深渊带habitat 生境heath 石楠群丛height 高度hemicryptophytes(He) 地面芽植物herbivore 植食herbivores 植食动物heterotr

33、ophic succession 异养演替heterotrophs 异养生物hibernation 冬眠homeostasis 内稳态homeostasis 自调节稳态homeostatic organism 内稳态生物homeostatic process 内稳定过程human demography 人口统计学Human ecology 人类生态学humus 腐殖质hydrarch succession 水生演替hydrosere 水生演替系列Some special words in ecology(I)immigration 迁入importance value 重要值individua

34、l converse rate 个体转化率industrial melanism 工业黑化现象inner capacity increase 内禀增长力inner-environment 内环境instantaneous rate of increase 瞬间增长率intensity 强度interference competition 干扰竞争interference competition 干扰竞争intermediate disturbance hypothesis 中度干扰假说internal distribution pattern 内分布型interspecfic relation

35、ship 种间关系intertidal zone 潮间带intraspecific relationship 种内关系inversely density dependent 反密度制约Island ecology 岛屿生态学iteroparity 多次繁殖生物iteroparous 多次生殖Some special words in ecology(J-L)JJordans rule 约丹定律Kkeystone species 关键种kin selection 亲属选择kin selection 亲属选择k-strategists k-策略者Lland cover 土地覆盖land use 土

36、地利用Landscape ecology 景观生态学law of constant final yield 最后产量衡值法则law of the minimum 最小因子法则law of tolerance 耐受性法则layer 层leached layer 淋溶层leaf area index 叶面积指数leaf area index（LAS） 叶面积指数lentic ecosystem 静水生态系统life cycle 生活周期life expectancy 生命期望life form spectrum 生活型谱life form 生活型life history strategy 生活史对

37、策life history 生活史lifespan 生活年限lifetime 寿命limit of tolerance 忍受性限度littoral zone 沿岸带lotic ecosystem 流水生态系统Some special words in ecology(M)macroclimate 大气候macrofauna 大型生物Marine ecology 海洋生态学marine ecosystem 海洋生态系统maximum natality 最大出生率maximum sustained yield 最大持续生产量megafauna 巨型生物mexofauna 中型生物microclim

38、ate 小气候microcolony 微菌落microcommunities 小群落micro-ecosystem 微生态系统micro-environment 微环境microfauna 小型生物microplankton 小型浮游生物migration 迁徙migration 迁移modular organism 构件生物modules 构件Molecular ecology 分子生态学monoclimax theory 单元演替顶级monocultute 单种养殖monogamy 单配偶制monpohagous 单食性monsoon forest 季风林mortality curve 死

39、亡曲线mortality 死亡率mosaic 镶嵌性Some special words in ecology(N)natality 出生率n-dimensional niche n维生态龛negative feedback 负反馈net primary production(GP) 净初级生产力neutrality controversy 中性说论战niche compression 生态位压缩niche separation 生态位分离niche shift 生态位分离niche 生态位non-equilibrium theory 非平衡理论non-homeostatic organism

40、 非内稳态生物Some special words in ecology(O)obiotic component 非生物成分ocean-current 洋流ohort life table 同群生命表omnivores 杂食动物open community 开放群落open shrublands 稀疏灌丛 opportunist 机会主义者ordination 排序ornamentation 修饰Some special words in ecology(P)panclimax 泛顶级pantropical 泛热带区parabiosphere 副生物圈parasites 寄生生物parasit

41、oidism 拟寄生parent material 母质层parental care 亲代关怀parental investment 亲本投资patchiness 斑块性per capita growth rate 每员增长率perclimax 前顶级peritrophic mycorrhizae 周边营养性菌根phanerophytes(Ph) 高位芽植物phenotype 表现型photoperiodism 光周期现象phyplankton 浮游植物physiognomy 外貌Physiological ecology 生理生态学physiological natality 生理出生率ph

42、ytochrom 色素pioneer community 先锋群落pjarapatric speciation 邻域性物种plankon 浮游生物Poission distribution 泊松分布polyandry 一雌多雄制polyclimax theory 多元顶级理论polygamy 多配偶制polygyny 一雄多雌制polymorphism 多型现象polyphagous 多食性的Population ecology 种群生态学population 种群 porosity 粒间空隙positive feedback 正反馈postclimax 超顶级predation 捕食者pre

43、dator 捕食者present reproductive value 当年繁殖价值prevail climax 优势顶级prey 猎物prezygotic mechanism 合子前隔离primary production 初级生产primary succession 初级演替primary succession 原生演替principle of allocation 分配原理principle of competitive exclusion 竞争互斥原理production rate 生产率production 生产量productivity 生产力progressive success

44、ion 进展演替protogynous hermaphriodism 雌雄同体pyramid of energy 能量金字塔Some special words in ecology(R)radiation adaptation 趋异适应random 随机分布rare species 偶见种reaction time lag 反应滞时reactive species 反映性物种realized natality 实际出生率realized nick 实际生态龛regressive succession 逆行演替relative frequency 相对频度relative reproducti

45、ve value相对生殖值reproduction effect 生殖成效reproductive cost 繁殖成本reproductive pattern 生殖格局reproductive time lag 生殖滞时reproductive value 生殖值residual reproductive value 剩余繁殖价值resilient stability 恢复稳定性resistant stability 抵抗稳定性Restoration ecology 恢复生态学richness 丰度r-k continuum of strategies r-k 策略连续系统r-strategi

46、sts r-策略者Some special words in ecology(S)saprovores 食腐者savanna woodland 热带稀树草原林地scavenger 食腐者sciophytes 阳性植物scramble competition 利用竞争scramble type of competition 分摊型竞争secondary metabolites 次生代谢物质secondary production 次级生产力secondary succession 次生演替secondary 次级演替sedimentary cycle 沉积循环selective fertiliz

47、ation 选择受精self-destructive 自我破坏semelparity 一次繁殖生物semelparous 一次生殖sex ratio 性比sexual dimorphism 雌雄二形现象sexual reproduction 有性生殖sexual selection 性选择sexual selection 性选择shade plants 耐阴性植物Shannon-Weiner index 香农威纳指数sieve selection hypothesis 筛选说similarity 相似度Simpsons diversity index 辛普森多样性指数social group 社群social hierarchy 社会等级social-economic-natural complex