英语四六级阅读理解训练题1-10

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TOSTOPTHEMFROMUSINGTHEPAPERTOTRYTOINFLUENCEPUBLICOPINIONANDIF,SOMEDAY,AWORLDNEWSPAPERBECOMESAREALITY,WILLITBETHEMOSTPOWERFULPRESSAGENCIESTHATWILLCHOOSETHENEWSTOBESENTOUTTOALLCOUNTRIES1THEEXPRESSION“NOMANISANISLAND“MEANSTHATNOMANLIVESSURROUNDEDBYWATER2ACCORDINGTOTHEAUTHOR,ITMAYNOTBELONGBEFOREPEOPLEALLOVERTHEWORLDHAVEACCESSTONEWSPAPERS3THETRANSFERRINGOFNEWSPAPERTEXTSTOFILMISTIMECONSUMINGANDCOSTLY4TRANSISTORSAREPARTICULARLYUSEFULBECAUSETHEYAREUSEDINSMALLRADIOANDTVSETS5TELEVISIONRELAYSAREOFTENPLACEDONAHILLTOPSOTHATTHEYCANREACHASATELLITE6PEOPLEARECAPABLEOFKNOWINGALLTHEEVENTSGOINGONINEVERYPARTOFTHEWORLD7IFAWORLDNEWSPAPERBECOMESAREALITY,ITWILLTAKEMORERESPONSIBILITYFORINFORMINGALLTHEREADERSOFTHELATESTNEWSINTHEWORLD8NEWSPAPERSHAVEBEENPUBLISHEDFORABOUT_9ANYTELEVISIONPROGRAMCOULDBETRANSMITTEDTOANYPARTOFTHEWORLDBY_10ITISIDEALTHATTHENEWSARTICLES_二SOCIALCUSTOMSANDWAYSOFBEHAVINGCHANGETHINGSWHICHWERECONSIDEREDIMPOLITEMANYYEARSAGOARENOW11JUSTAFEWYEARSAGO,ITWAS12IMPOLITEBEHAVIORFORAMANTOSMOKEONTHESTREETNOMANWHOTHOUGHTOFHIMSELFASBEINGAGENTLEMANWOULDMAKEA13OFHIMSELFBYSMOKINGWHENALADYWASINAROOMCUSTOMSALSODIFFERFROMCOUNTRYTOCOUNTRYDOESAMANWALKONTHELEFTORTHERIGHTOFAWOMANINYOURCOUNTRYORDOESNTIT14WHATABOUTTABLEMANNERSSHOULDYOUUSEBOTHHANDSWHENYOUAREEATINGSHOULDYOULEAVEONEINYOURLAP,ORONTHETABLETHEAMERICANSANDTHEBRITISHNOTONLYSPEAKTHESAMELANGUAGEBUTALSO15ALARGENUMBEROFSOCIALCUSTOMSFOREXAMPLE,INBOTHAMERICAANDENGLANDPEOPLESHAKEHANDSWHENTHEYMEETEACHOTHERFORTHEFIRSTTIMEALSO,MOSTENGLISHMENWILLOPENADOORFORAWOMANOROFFERTHEIRSEATTOAWOMAN,ANDSOWILLMOSTAMERICANS16ISIMPORTANTBOTHINENGLANDANDINAMERICATHATIS,IFADINNERINVITATIONISFOR7OCLOCK,THEDINNERGUESTEITHERARRIVES17TOTHATTIMEORCALLSUPTOEXPLAINHIS18THEIMPORTANTTHINGTOREMEMBERABOUTSOCIALCUSTOMSISNOTTODOANYTHINGTHATMIGHTMAKEOTHERPEOPLEFEELUNCOMFORTABLE19IFTHEYAREYOURGUESTSTHEREISANOLDSTORYABOUTAMANWHOGAVEAFORMALDINNERPARTYWHENTHEFOODWASSERVED,ONEOFTHEGUESTSSTARTEDTOEATHISPEASWITHAKNIFETHEOTHERGUESTSWEREAMUSEDORSHOCKED,BUTTHE20CALMLYPICKEDUPHISKNIFEANDBEGANEATINGINTHESAMEWAYAESPECIALLYBATTAINABLECCLOSEDDELAYECONSIDEREDFHOSTGDELIVERYHPREPARATIONISHAREJFOOLKSPECIFICALLYLACCEPTABLEMMATTERNPROMPTNESS0CARE三TOUNDERSTANDWHYSOMEONEBECOMESANOPTIMISTORAPESSIMIST,ITHELPSTOUNDERSTANDWHATDISTINGUISHESTHEMSAYYOUCRASHYOURCARDOYOUEXPECTGOODTHINGSTOHAPPENAFTERTHEACCIDENTANEASYRECUPERATION挽回损失,AFATCHECKFROMYOURINSURERORDOYOUWORRYTHATYOURNECKWILLHURTFOREVER“OPTIMISTICPEOPLETENDTOFEELTHATBADTHINGSWONTLASTLONGANDWONTAFFECTOTHERPARTSOFLIFE,“SELIGMANSAYSPESSIMISTSTENDTOBELIEVEONENEGATIVEINCIDENTWILLLASTANDUNDERMINEEVERYTHINGELSEINTHEIRLIVESALSOIMPORTANT,RESEARCHERSSAY,ISTHESTORYYOUCONSTRUCTABOUTWHYTHINGSHAPPENYOUREXPLANATORYSTYLEOPTIMISTSBELIEVETHATBADEVENTSHAVETEMPORARYCAUSES“THEBOSSISINABADMOOD“PESSIMISTSBELIEVETHECAUSEISPERMANENT“THEBOSSISAJERK“THISSENSEOFCONTROLDISTINGUISHESONETYPEFROMTHEOTHERPOSITIVETHINKERSFEELPOWERFULNEGATIVETHINKERS,SELIGMANSAYS,FEELHELPLESSBECAUSETHEYHAVELEARNEDTOBELIEVETHEYREDOOMED,NOMATTERWHATAYOUNGWIFEWHOSTOLDSHESINCAPABLEOFHANDLINGHOUSEHOLDFINANCESMIGHTLATERBECOMEADIVORCEWOMANWHOCANTBALANCEACHECKBOOKSUCHLEARNEDHELPLESSNESSCAUSESMUCHHARMONHEALTHSTUDIESSHOWTHATOPTIMISTSAREBETTERATCOPINGWITHTHEDISTRESSASSOCIATEDWITHEVERYTHINGFROMSORETHROATTOHEARTSURGERYFURTHERMORE,SCIENTISTSATUCLADISCOVEREDTHATOPTIMISTSHAVEMOREDISEASEFIGHTINGTCELLSPESSIMISTSALSODONTBELIEVEINPREVENTIVECAREVISITADOCTORANDYOUMIGHTFINDOUTYOURESICKMYFATHERWASRUSHEDTOTHEEMERGENCYROOMFORMEDICALCONDITIONSTHATWOULDHAVEBEENEASILYTREATABLEIFHEDSEENADOCTORSOONER21THEWORD“UNDERMINE“PARA2MOSTPROBABLYMEANSAGOBELOWBWEAKENCAFFECTDDESTROY22“THEBOSSISAJERK“THESEWORDSAREUSEDHERETOSHOW_AHOWSOMEBOSSESACTDISPLEASINGLYBHOWOPTIMISTSEXPLAINSOMEBADEVENTSCHOWPESSIMISTSTHINKABOUTTHEUNHAPPYTHINGSAROUNDTHEMDHOWTHEWRITERSUGGESTSPEOPLESHOULDDOWHENFACINGSOMETHINGUNPLEASANT23THEEXAMPLEGIVENABOUTAYOUNGWIFESHOWSTHAT_ATHEDIVIDINGLINEBETWEENOPTIMISTSANDPESSIMISTSBYOUNGWOMENTODAYSUFFERALOTINDOINGHOUSEWORKCMOSTOFYOUNGWIVESAREPESSIMISTSDTHEPESSIMISTSAREUSEDTOTHINKINGOFEVERYTHINGNEGATIVELY24WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTSISTRUEOF“MYFATHER“AMYFATHERWASANOPTIMISTBMYFATHERDIDNTLIKETOTAKEANYPREVENTIVEMEASURESCMYFATHEROFTENVISITEDDOCTORSDMYFATHERWASWISEENOUGHTOMINDHISOWNHEALTH25ITCANBEINFERREDFROMTHEPASSAGETHATSELIMANSHOULDBE_AANOPTIMISTBAPESSIMISTCAPSYCHOLOGISTDTHEWRITEROFTHISPASSAGE四NEARLYEVERYONEAGREESTHATMONEYDOESNTBUYASMUCHASITUSEDTO,NOMATTERWHEREYOUWANTTOSPENDITTHISISCERTAINLYTRUEOFTHEPAPERMONEYTHATPASSESSOQUICKLYTHROUGHONESHANDSINFLATION通货膨胀EATSAWAYATITSBUYINGPOWERJUSTASTHESTEADYAPPETITEOFWAVESCHEWSATSANDCLIFFSBUTWHATABOUTCOINSTHATSEEMTODOVERYLITTLEEXCEPTWEAROUTYOURPURSESANDPOCKETSUNLIKENOTES,METALMONEYBECOMESMOREVALUABLETHELONGERITISHELD,ESPECIALLYIFITISPUTAWAYWHEREITWONTGETSCRATCHEDORWORNWHYISTHISONEREASONISTHATCOINS,BEINGMOREDURABLE,FALLMOREREADILYINTOACATEGORYFORCOLLECTORSNATURALLY,THERARERGOLDPIECESMUSTBECOMEMOREVALUABLEASTHEPRICEOFTHISMETALGOESUPBUT,CURIOUSLY,ONEOFTHERARESTCOINSINTHEWORLDISNOTMADEOFGOLD,BUTOFTHERELATIVELYCHEAPERSILVERIN1804,THEUNITEDSTATESMINT造币厂STRUCK19,570SILVERDOLLARSTHATISWHATITSRECORDSSHOWTODAYONLYSIXOFTHISORIGINALNUMBERREMAINANDTHESEAREUNLIKELYEVERTOREACHTHEAUCTIONMARKETSOWHATHAPPENEDTOSOME19,564LARGESILVERCOINS,NOTTHEEASIESTSORTOFTHINGSTOLOSEONEOFTHEMOREROMANTICTHEORIESISTHATTHEYWEREPARTOFTHEPAYMENTTONAPOLEONFORTHEAMERICANTERRITORYTHENKNOWNASLOUISIANABUTTHEYNEVERREACHEDFRANCESOMEWHEREINTHEGULFOFMEXICO,THESHIPTRANSPORTINGTHEMWASSUNK,EITHERBYASTORMORBYPIRATESPRACTICALRULESWHICHPROMOTEEFFICIENCYANDARTIFICIAL,OPTIONALGRACESSUCHASFORMALCOMPLIMENTSTO,SAY,WOMENONTHEIRBEAUTYORSUPERIORSONTHEIRGENEROSITYANDIMPORTANCEINTHEFIRSTCATEGORYARECONSIDERATIONFORTHEWEAKANDRESPECTFORAGEAMONGTHEANCIENTEGYPTIANSTHEYOUNGALWAYSSTOODINTHEPRESENCEOFOLDERPEOPLEAMONGTHEMPONGUWEOFTANZANIA,THEYOUNGMENBOWASTHEYPASSTHEHUTSOFTHEELDERSINENGLAND,UNTILABOUTACENTURYAGO,YOUNGCHILDRENDIDNOTSITINTHEIRPARENTSPRESENCEWITHOUTASKINGPERMISSIONPRACTICALRULESAREHELPFULINSUCHORDINARYOCCURRENCESOFSOCIALLIFEASMAKINGPROPERINTRODUCTIONSATPARTIESOROTHERFUNCTIONSSOTHATPEOPLECANBEBROUGHTTOKNOWEACHOTHERBEFORETHEINVENTIONOFTHEFORK,ETIQUETTEDIRECTEDTHATTHEFINGERSSHOULDBEKEPTASCLEANASPOSSIBLEBEFORETHEHANDKERCHIEFCAMEINTOCOMMONUSE,ETIQUETTESUGGESTEDTHAT,AFTERSPITTING,APERSONSHOULDRUBTHESPITINCONSPICUOUSLY难以察觉的UNDERFOOTEXTREMELYREFINEDBEHAVIOR,HOWEVER,CULTIVATEDASANARTOFGRACIOUSLIVING,HASBEENCHARACTERISTICONLYOFSOCIETIESWITHWEALTHANDLEISURE,WHICHADMITTEDWOMENASTHESOCIALEQUALSOFMENAFTERTHEFALLOFROME,THEFIRSTEUROPEANSOCIETYTOREGULATEBEHAVIORINPRIVATELIFEINACCORDANCEWITHACOMPLICATEDCODEOFETIQUETTEWASTWELFTHCENTURYPROVENCE,INFRANCEPROVENCEHADBECOMEWEALTHYTHELORDSHADRETURNEDTOTHEIRCASTLESFROMTHECRUSADES十字军东征,ANDTHERETHEIDEALSOFCHIVALRY武士制度GREWUP,WHICHEMPHASIZEDTHEVIRTUEANDGENTLENESSOFWOMENANDDEMANDEDTHATAKNIGHT骑士SHOULDPROFESSAPUREANDDEDICATEDLOVETOALADYWHOWOULDBEHISINSPIRATION,ANDTOWHOMHEWOULDDEDICATEHISBRAVEDEEDS,THOUGHHEWOULDNEVERCOMEPHYSICALLYCLOSETOHERTHISWASTHEINTRODUCTIONOFTHECONCEPTOFROMANTICLOVE,WHICHWASTOINFLUENCELITERATUREFORMANYHUNDREDSOFYEARSANDWHICHSTILLLIVESONINABELITTLEDFORMINSIMPLEPOPULARSONGSANDCHEAPNOVELSTODAYINRENAISSANCEITALYTOO,INTHEFOURTEENTHANDFIFTEENTHCENTURIES,AWEALTHYANDLEISUREDSOCIETYDEVELOPEDANEXTREMELYCOMPLEXCODEOFMANNERS,BUTTHERULESOFBEHAVIOROFFASHIONABLESOCIETYHADLITTLEINFLUENCEONTHEDAILYLIFEOFTHELOWERCLASSESINDEEDMANYOFTHERULES,SUCHASHOWTOENTERABANQUETROOM,ORHOWTOUSEASWORDORHANDKERCHIEFFORCEREMONIALPURPOSES,WEREIRRELEVANTTOTHEWAYOFLIFEOFTHEAVERAGEWORKINGMAN,WHOSPENTMOSTOFHISLIFEOUTDOORSORINHISOWNPOORHUTANDMOSTPROBABLYDIDNOTHAVEAHANDKERCHIEF,CERTAINLYNOTASWORD,TOHISNAMEYETTHEESSENTIALBASISOFALLGOODMANNERSDOESNOTVARYCONSIDERATIONFORTHEOLDANDWEAKANDTHEAVOIDANCEOFHARMINGORGIVINGUNNECESSARYOFFENCETOOTHERSISAFEATUREOFALLSOCIETIESEVERYWHEREANDATALLLEVELSFROMTHEHIGHESTTOTHELOWESTYOUCANEASILYTHINKOFDOZENSOFEXAMPLESOFCUSTOMSANDHABITSINYOUROWNDAILYLIFEWHICHCOMEUNDERTHISHEADING1ETIQUETTESIMPLYSERVESTHEPURPOSEOFSHOWINGRESPECTFORAUTHORITY2LOUISXIVOFFRANCEMADEETIQUETTEVERYCOMPLICATEDTOAVOIDFAMILIARITY3PEOPLEOFALLSOCIETIESANDSOCIALRANKSOBSERVETHEGOODMANNERSOFCONSIDERATIONFORTHEWEAKANDRESPECTFORAGE4NAPOLEONDISCARDEDARISTOCRATICPRIVILEGESWHENHEBECAMEEMPEROROFFRANCE5ETIQUETTEHASBEENUSEDTODISTINGUISHPEOPLEFROMDIFFERENTCLASSES6INEUROPE,THENEWLYRICHHAVEADDEDNEWINGREDIENTSTOETIQUETTEWHILETHEYARELEARNINGTOBEHAVEAPPROPRIATELYFORANEWWAYOFLIFE7AFTERTHESIXTEENTHCENTURY,FIGHTSBETWEENAMBASSADORSOVERPRECEDENCEWEREACOMMONOCCURRENCE8EXTREMELYREFINEDBEHAVIOURHAD_ONTHELIFEOFTHEWORKINGCLASS9BASICMORALDUTIESAREONEOFTHE_OFEVERYCODEOFETIQUETTE10ACCORDINGTOTHEPASSAGE,THECONCEPTOFROMANTICLOVEWASINTRODUCEDIN_六THEECONOMYOFTHEUNITEDSTATESAFTER1952WASTHEECONOMYOFAWELLFED,ALMOSTFULLYEMPLOYEDPEOPLEDESPITEOCCASIONALALARMS,THECOUNTRYESCAPEDANYPOSTWARDEPRESSIONANDLIVEDINASTATEOFBOOMANECONOMICSURVEYOFTHEYEAR1955,ATYPICALYEAROFTHE1950S,MAYBETYPICALASILLUSTRATINGTHERAPIDECONOMICGROWTHOFTHEDECADETHENATIONALOUTPUTWASVALUEDAT10PERCENTABOVETHATOF19541955OUTPUTWASESTIMATEDAT392BILLIONDOLLARSTHEPRODUCTIONOFMANUFACTURERSWASABOUT40PERCENTMORETHANITHADAVERAGEDINTHEYEARSIMMEDIATELYFOLLOWINGWORLDWARIITHECOUNTRYSBUSINESSSPENTABOUT30BILLIONDOLLARSFORNEWFACTORIESANDMACHINERYNATIONALINCOMEAVAILABLEFORSPENDINGWASALMOSTATHIRDGREATERTHANITHADBEENIN1950CONSUMERSSPENTABOUT256BILLIONDOLLARSTHATISABOUT700MILLIONDOLLARSADAY,ORABOUTTWENTYFIVEMILLIONDOLLARSEVERYHOUR,ALLROUNDTHECLOCKSIXTYFIVEMILLIONPEOPLEHELDJOBSANDONLYALITTLEMORETHANTWOMILLIONWANTEDJOBSBUTCOULDNOTFINDTHEMONLYAGRICULTURECOMPLAINEDTHATITWASNOTSHARINGINTHEROOMTOSOMEOBSERVERSTHISWASANOMINOUSECHOOFTHEMID1920SASFARMERSSHAREOFTHEIRPRODUCTSDECLINED,MARKETINGCOSTSROSEBUTTHEREWERE,AMONGTHEOBSERVERSOFTHENATIONALECONOMY,AFEWWHOWERENOTASCONFIDENTASTHEMAJORITYTHOSEFEWSEEMEDTOFEARTHATTHEBOOMCOULDNOTLASTANDWOULDEVENTUALLYLEADTOTHEOPPOSITEDEPRESSION1WHATISTHEBESTTITLEOFTHEPASSAGEATHEAGRICULTURALTRENDSOF1950SBTHEUNEMPLOYMENTRATEOF1950SCUSECONOMYINTHE1950SDTHEFEDERALBUDGETOF19522INLINE4,THEWORD“BOOM”COULDBESTBEREPLACEDBY_ANEARBYEXPLOSIONBTHUNDEROUSNOISECGENERALPUBLICSUPPORTDRAPIDECONOMICGROWTH3ITCANBEINFERREDFROMTHEPASSAGETHATMOSTPEOPLEINTHEUNITEDSTATESIN1955VIEWEDTHENATIONALECONOMYWITHANAIROF_ACONFIDENCEBCONFUSIONCDISAPPOINTMENTDSUSPICION4WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGWERELEASTSATISFIEDWITHTHENATIONALECONOMYINTHE1950SAECONOMISTSBFARMERSCPOLITICIANSDSTEELWORKERS5THEPASSAGESTATESTHATINCOMEAVAILABLEFORSPENDINGINTHEUSWASGREATERIN1955THANIN1950HOWMUCHWASITA60B50C33D90附THEECONOMYOFTHEUNITEDSTATESAFTER1952WASTHEECONOMYOFAWELLFED,ALMOSTFULLYEMPLOYEDPEOPLEDESPITE_1_ALARMS,THECOUNTRYESCAPEDANYPOSTWARDEPRESSIONANDLIVEDINA_2_OFBOOMANECONOMICSURVEYOFTHEYEAR1955,ATYPICALYEAROFTHE1950S,MAYBETYPICALAS_3_THERAPIDECONOMICGROWTHOFTHEDECADETHENATIONALOUTPUTWAS_4_AT10PERCENTABOVETHATOF19541955OUTPUTWASESTIMATEDAT392BILLIONDOLLARSTHEPRODUCTIONOFMANUFACTURESWASABOUT40PERCENTMORETHANITHAD_5_INTHEYEARSIMMEDIATELYFOLLOWINGWORLDWARITHECOUNTRYSBUSINESSSPENTABOUT30BILLIONDOLLARSFORNEWFACTORIESANDMACHINERYNATIONALINCOME_6_FORSPENDINGWASALMOSTATHIRDGREATERTHANITHADBEENIN1950CONSUMERSSPENTABOUT256BILLIONDOLLARSTHATISABOUT700MILLIONDOLLARSADAY,ORABOUTTWENTYFIVEMILLIONDOLLARSEVERYHOUR,ALLROUNDTHE_7_SIXTYFIVEMILLIONPEOPLEHELDJOBSANDONLYALITTLEMORETHANTWOMILLIONWANTEDJOBSBUTCOULDNOTFINDTHEMONLYAGRICULTURE_8_THATITWASNOTSHARINGINTHEBOOMTOSOMEOBSERVERSTHISWASASADREFLECTIONOFTHEMID1920SASFARMERSSHAREOFTHEIRPRODUCTS_9_,MARKETINGCOSTSROSEBUTTHEREWERE,AMONGTHEOBSERVERSOFTHENATIONALECONOMY,AFEWWHOWERENOTASCONFIDENTASTHEMAJORITYTHOSEFEWSEEMEDTOFEARTHATTHEBOOMCOULDNOTLASTLONGANDWOULD_10_LEADTOTHEOPPOSITEDEPRESSIONAEVENTUALLYBAVERAGEDCGRADUALLYDSTATEEVALUEDFFORMGDECLINEDHOCCASIONALICASUALJARGUEDKDESCENDEDLCOMPLAINEDMCLOCKNAVAILABLEOILLUSTRATING七INTHELASTTWOHUNDREDYEARSTHEREHAVEBEENGREATCHANGESINTHEMETHODOFPRODUCTIONOFGOODSTHISISNOWALSOTRUEOFTHEBUILDINGINDUSTRYFORMECHANIZATIONHASBEENINTRODUCEDSYSTEMBUILDINGCANSAVEBOTHTIMEANDMONEYTHEPRINCIPLEOFSYSTEMBUILDINGISTHATTHEBUILDINGISMADEFROMASETOFSTANDARDUNITSTHESEAREEITHERMADEATTHEBUILDINGSITEORATAFACTORYSOMEDESIGNERS,INFACT,ARESTANDARDIZINGTHEDIMENSIONSOFROOMSTHEYAREMADEINMULTIPLESOFASINGLEFIXEDLENGTH,USUALLYTENCENTIMETERSTHISISCALLEDAMODULAR标准件的SYSTEM,ANDITMEANSTHATMANUFACTURESCANPRODUCESTANDARDIZEDFITTINGSATALOWERCOSTTHEMOSTIMPORTANTFACTABOUTSYSTEMBUILDINGISITSSPEEDATENSTOREYFLAT,FOREXAMPLE,CANBECOMPLETEDINFOURMONTHSTHEREARESEVERALNEWMETHODSOFSYSTEMBUILDINGONEISTHEPANELMETHODINTHISCASE,THECONSTRUCTIONCOMPANYSOMETIMESERECTSAFACTORYONTHESITETHEWALLSANDFLOORSOFTHEBUILDING,CALLEDPANELS,ARECASTINAHORIZONTALORVERTICALPOSITIONCONDUITSFORELECTRICALWIRESANDSLEEVESFORPIPESARECASTINTHEPANELSWHENTHEYAREBEINGMADETHEMOULDSFORMAKINGTHESECASTINGSARESITUATEDALLAROUNDTHEBUILDINGAFTERTHECONCRETEPANELSARECAST,THEYAREALLOWEDTOSETANDHARDENFORAWEEKNEXTTHEYARELIFTEDBYATOWERCRANEONTOANYSECTIONOFTHEBUILDINGTHERETHEPANELSARECEMENTEDTOGETHERATTHEIRJOINTSANDTHEFLOORCOVERINGISLAIDAFTERTHEPANELSHAVEBEENCEMENTEDTOGETHER,THECRANELIFTSACASEINTOTHEAREAITCONTAINSALLTHEFITT