管理信息系统的系统分析

function Data classOperation planFinancial plan Product forecasts production process Inventory controlSales managementDispatch Operations sequenceMaterial Requirement Production Capacity PlanningProduct design 2. Target;3. Conditions, assumptions and restrictions;4. Feasibility study method.(3) the preliminary investigation and analysis of current system 1. The enterprises objectives and tasks;2. Enterprise organization and management mechanism;3. The situation of current information systems;4. The current business process and subsystems division;5. The new system development conditions;6. The main existing problems and weaknesses;7. The Analysis of user development tasks and demands(4) the preliminary plan new system1. The new system goal;2. The size of the new system;3. The computer system configuration;4. The progress of the new system development plans, including various stages manpower, money, equipment needs;5. The influence of realization new system to Organizations and management model.(5) the feasibility study1. The necessity of developing new system;2. The economics of new system development;3. Develop new system technology feasibility;4. The feasibility of organization management;5. Environmental feasibility;6. Operation feasibility.(6) alternative other schemes(7) the feasibility analysis conclusionThe feasibility report example（一）引言1摘要2背景3定义4参考资料（二）可行性研究的前提1要求；2目标；3条件、假定和限制；4进行可行性研究的方法。（三）对现行系统的初步调查与分析1企业的目标和任务；2企业的组织机构及管理机制；3现行信息系统的概况；4现行业务流程和子系统划分；5新系统的开发条件；6存在的主要问题和薄弱环节；7对用户提出的开发任务和要求的分析。（ 四）新系统的初步方案1新系统的目标；2新系统的规模；3计算机系统的配置；4新系统开发的进度计划，包括各阶段的人力、资金、设备需求等；5新系统实现后对组织机构、管理模式的影响。（五）可行性研究1开发新系统的必要性；2开发新系统的经济性；3开发新系统技术方面的可行性；4组织管理方面的可行性；5环境方面的可行性；6操作方面的可行性。（六）可供选择的其他方案（七）可行性分析的结论可行性研究报告的编写可行性研究报告的编写The specific content of library preliminary investigation :对图书馆进行初步调查的具体内容为：(1) library scale: The quantity and kinds of books;图书馆的规模：现藏书册数、种类；(2) the main business;图书馆的主要业务 ;(3) the departments of library;图书馆下设几个部门；(4) the number of library worker;图书馆职工人数；(5) the education status of worker;职工受教育程度；(6) major acquisition unit;主要购书单位；(7) books coding mode;图书编码方式；(8) how many readers borrow books in here;现有多少读者在此借书；(9) reader borrow books vouchers;读者借书凭证；(10) readers classification;读者分类；(11) the attitude of leadership to develop new system;图书馆的上级领导对开发新系统的态度；(12) the funding of development the new system;开发新系统要投入的资金；(13)the development time of the new system (regulation on how long development completed.开发新系统的时间（规定多长时间开发完成）。 Case analysis - a university library MIS preliminary investigation案例分析 某高校 图书馆管理信息系统初步调查feasibility analysis 可行性分析Through a preliminary investigation of the system, having a concrete understanding of all aspects of library. Now we analyzed the feasibility of this library MIS.通过系统初步调查，对某单位图书馆的各个方面有了具体的了解。现对该单位开发图书馆管理信息系统的可行性进行分析。1 Technically feasible技术上可行Hardware equipments required in this system, such as servers, PCs and printers and network fittings etc, all these devices have sales and lower prices on the market, can satisfy the system function requirement. Software, the operating system using Windows NT, using database management system Visual FoxPro, these software has been extensively applied in the MIS development, technically are more mature. Therefore it is technically feasible.该系统所需硬件设备，如服务器、 PC机、打印机及网络配件等，市场上有销售且价格较低，能满足系统功能要求。软件上，操作系统采用 Windows NT， 数据库管理系统采用 Visual FoxPro， 这些软件在 MIS开发中已被大量应用，技术上都比较成熟。因此技术上是可行的。Case analysis - a university library MIS案例分析 某高校图书馆管理信息系统2 Economically feasible经济上可行Because of superior leadership urgently need using the computer for the library management, therefore to strongly support develop library MIS, appropriations funds 250 000 RMB for the development.由于上级领导急需采用计算机来进行图书馆的管理，因此对开发图书馆管理信息系统大力支持，拨款 25万元作为开发经费。3 feasible in Management管理上可行This unit library has a good management structure. Books are encoding by Chinese library classification. Each person borrow books has a library card, and established files in the library for everyone. So it is feasible on management. In addition, the library management personnel is also strongly support the development of the system, and formulated the training plan, and making material preparation and work preparation to MIS implementation.该单位图书馆有很好的管理体制。图书采用中图法编码方式。每位借书人均有借书证，同时图书馆还为每位借书人建立了档案。因此管理上可行。另外，图书馆管理人员对开发该系统也是大力支持的，同时制定了培训计划，并进行了实施 MIS的物质准备和工作准备。To sum up, the development of library management information system in technology and economy, management are feasible.综上所述，开发图书馆管理信息系统在技术上、经济上、管理上都是可行的。Part three: Contents of detailed investigation 详细调查的内容1. The organization structure survey组织结构调查Refers to an organization (departments, enterprises and workshop etc) and the part of the relationship between each other.指的是一个组织（部门、企业、车间等）的组成以及这些组成部分之间的相互关系。A to organize the internal department division组织内部的部门划分B leadership and be leaders relations领导与被领导关系C of information transmission relationships信息资料的传递关系D material flow relations and capital flow relations物资流动关系与资金流动关系E departments work contents and responsibility各部门的工作内容与职责F all levels organizations existing problems and its requirements to the new system 各级组织存在问题以及对新系统的要求2. Management function survey.管理功能调查Function is organizations to function concrete manifestation, any system has a goal, in order to realize the system target, the system must have various functions.功能是各组织机构职能的具体体现，任何一个系统都有一个目标，为了实现系统目标，系统必须具备各种功能。Management business survey管理业务调查3. The business management procedure survey管理业务流程调查According to the information flow process, investigate each links processing business and information source, processing methods, calculation method, information flows to and output information form etc.按信息流动的过程调查各环节的处理业务、信息来源、处理方法、计算方法、信息流经去向、信息输出形态等。Business processing department or personnel业务处理单位、部门或人员Department or personnel outside the system 系统外的部门或人员material flow or information flow物流或信息流All kinds of documents, reports etc各类单据、报表等Management business flow chart管理业务流程图(Transaction Flow Diagram, TFD)The diagram Used to describe the business relationship, homework sequence and management information flow between system internal departments and personnel. 用于描述系统内各部门、人员之间存在的业务关系、作业顺序以及管理信息流向的图表。workshopPicking ListWarehouse managementapproved Picking ListWarehouse Worker Material lack noticebuyerRush ordersSupplementary purchase ordersupplierMaterials plan unapproved Picking ListInventory accountMakings blottersRequisition noticeavailable unavailableorder contractHave orderNot ordernotice to take deliverywarehouse warrantInventory Reportthe department concernedNo planplanSend goodsExample - a enterprise material management business flow chart车间领料单库长库长已批准领料单库工库工缺料通知单采购员采购员催货单 补充订货单供货单位用料计划 未 批准领料单库存帐 用料流水 帐领料通知有货无货订货合同已订货没订货提货通知单入库单库存报表有关部门无 计划有计划发出货物实例 某企业物资管理业务流程图2. The data flow investigation.数据流程调查Abstract the data flow in the original system independently, abandon the substance elements (such as specific organization, goods, personnel, etc.) from the data flow process to single examines the actual business data processing mode. 把数据在原系统内部的流动情况抽象地独立出来，舍去了物质要素（如具体组织机构、货物、人员等），单从数据流动过程来考查实际业务的数据处理模式(1) Collect original systems all input documents (such as warehouse warrant, receipt,), output reports and data storage medium (account books, list);收集原系统全部输入单据（如入库单、收据、凭证）、输出报表和数据存储介质（帐本、清单）；(2) Make clear the processing method and calculation method of each link;弄清各环节上的处理方法和计算方法；(3) Indicate production department submit department , storage place frequency and result of various vouchers, reports, accounting books, the etc;注明各种单据、报表、帐本的制作单位、报送单位、存放地点发生频度和发生量等；(4) Indicate the type of various data, length and scope.注明各项数据的类型、长度、取值范围。ONE. Data flow diagram数据流程图 Data flow chart is a main tool can comprehensive description information system logical model, it can use a few symbols comprehensively reflect the flow of information in the system, processing and storage conditions. So as to shake off its physical content.数据流程图是一种能全面地 描述信息系统逻辑模型 的主要工具，它可以用少数几种符号综合地反映出信息在系统中的流动、处理和存储情况。从而摆脱其物理内容。Part four: Data describe tool (DFD and DD)数据描述工具（数据流程图和数据字典）External entity外部实体Data flow数据流Data storage数据存储Data process数据处理External entity: refers to those people or outside things dont control by system, the system of.外部实体： 是指不受系统控制，本系统以外的人或事物。Data processing: refers to data logical processing, it expressed data processing logical function.数据处理 ： 是指对数据的逻辑处理，它表达了对数据处理的逻辑功能。 Data flow: pertaining to data flow direction and its name.数据流： 说明数据的流动方向及其名称。Data storage: used to indicate the data storage place, such as folders, ledger. 数据存储： 用来表明数据保存的地方，如文件夹、账本。 1. basic illustrations of data flow diagram数据流程图的基本图数据流程图的基本图例例 . Because the actual data processing process is often compare multifarious, so should according to system view, using the top-down method of hierarchically drawn. 由于实际数据处理过程常常比较繁杂，故应该按照系统的观点，采用 自顶向下逐层 分解的方法 绘制 。2.Drawing 画法 Draw the top-level data flow diagram画出顶层数据流图 Draw the others each layer data flow diagram画出其余各层数据流图 Draw the aggregate data flow diagram画出总的数据流图S1231.11.21.11.32.12.22.32.43.13.2 3.3E EE EEETop-down hierarchically自顶向下逐层分解 determined the overall function of data flow diagram确定数据流程图的总体功能； find the origin and finish of the data flow diagram, they are external entity, the boundary is the system;找出数据流程图的起点与终点，它们是外部实体，是系统的边界； finding out output data flow and input data flow of external entity :找出外部实体的输出数据流与输入数据流： Starting from external entity output data stream, according to the logic need of system, gradually draw a series of logical processing, until find the input data flow external entity required, form a data stream closed cycle;从外部实体的输出数据流出发，按照系统的逻辑需要，逐步画出一系列逻辑处理，直到找到外部实体所需的输入数据流，形成数据流的封闭； According to the above steps, draw the son figure needed.按照上述的步骤，画出所需的子图。3. The specific steps of Data flow chart 数据流程图的具体步骤（ 1） According to the timetabling business overall function, drawing its first layers of data flow