联合国独立保证与备用信用证公约ying

联合国独立保证与备用信用证公约UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON INDEPENDENT GUARANTEES AND STAND-BY LETTERS OF CREDIT第一章 适用范围CHAPTER I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION第 1 条 适用范围(1)本公约适用于第 2 条所指的国际保证，且：(a)作出保证的保证人营业所所在地位于一缔约国；或者(b)国际私法规则导致适用某一缔约国的法律；但是，该保证排除本公约之适用者，则不在此限。(2)国际信用证者，虽不属于第 2 条的范围，但它明确规定受本公约调整者，本公约也可适用；(3)第 21、22 条之规定适用于第 2 条所称之国际保证，不受本条第 1 款之拘束。Article 1. Scope of application(1) This Convention applies to an international undertaking referred to in article 2:(a) If the place of business of the guarantor/issuer at which the undertaking is issued is in a Contracting State, or(b) If the rules of private international law lead to the application of the law of a Contracting State,unless the undertaking excludes the application of the Convention.(2) This Convention applies also to an international letter of credit not falling within article 2 if it expressly states that it is subject to this Convention.(3) The provisions of articles 21 and 22 apply to international undertakings referred to in article 2 independently of paragraph (1) of this article.第 2 条 保证(1)为了适用本公约，保证系指一项独立的义务，国际惯例上称为：独立保证或备用信用证中的承诺或义务。银行或其它机构或个人(亦可称“保证人”) 签发此类保函或备用信用证并承诺：一经请求或一经附其他单据的请求即行以符合保函的条款和任何单据条件、指示或可推知的条件的方式向受益人支付确定的或的有限期的款项。付款已到期，包括以下原因：不履行义务；另一随附义务；借款、预付款；任何由主债务人 /申请人或另一人所保证的到期债务。(2)保证可在下列情况作出：(a)经保证人的客户(主债务人/ 申请人) 的请求或指示而作出；(b)按照另一银行、机构或个人 (指示方)的指示而作出 该指示方系依其客户的请求而行事；(c)代表保证人本身而作出；(3)保证中之付款得以任何下列方式作出：(a)以特定货币或记帐单位付款；(b)汇票之承兑；(c)延期付款；(d)特定的价值项目之提供。(4)保函得规定：保证人为另一人行事时，保证人自身可以同时为受益人。Article 2. Undertaking(1) For the purposes of this Convention, an undertaking is an independent commitment, known in international practice as an independent guarantee or as a stand-by letter of credit, given by a bank or other institution or person (“guarantor/issuer“) to pay to the beneficiary a certain or determinable amount upon simple demand or upon demand accompanied by other documents, in conformity with the terms and any documentary conditions of the undertaking, indicating, or from which it is to be inferred, that payment is due because of a default in the performance of an obligation, or because of another contingency, or for money borrowed or advanced, or on account of any mature indebtedness undertaken by the principal/applicant or another person.(2) The undertaking may be given:(a) At the request or on the instruction of the customer (“principal/applicant“) of the guarantor/issuer;(b) On the instruction of another bank, institution or person (“instructing party“) that acts at the request of the customer (“principal/applicant“) of that instructing party; or(c) On behalf of the guarantor/issuer itself.(3) Payment may be stipulated in the undertaking to be made in any form, including:(a) Payment in a specified currency or unit of account;(b) Acceptance of a bill of exchange (draft);(c) Payment on a deferred basis;(d) Supply of a specified item of value.(4) The undertaking may stipulate that the guarantor/issuer itself is the beneficiary when acting in favour of another person.第 3 条 保证的独立性就本公约而言，保证是独立的。保证人向受益人所负之义务：(a)并不依赖于任何基础交易的有效性或存在，亦不依赖于任何其它保证，包括：备用信用证或独立保函以及与此相关的确认书或反保函；或者(b)并不受本保证中未列之条件的拘束；亦不受任何未来的、不确定行为或事件的拘束；但是在保证人经营范围内提出此类文件、作出此类行为或发生此类事件者，不在此限。Article 3. Independence of undertakingFor the purposes of this Convention, an undertaking is independent where the guarantor/issuers obligation to the beneficiary is not:(a) Dependent upon the existence or validity of any underlying transaction, or upon any other undertaking (including stand-by letters of credit or independent guarantees to which confirmations or counter-guarantees relate); or(b) Subject to any term or condition not appearing in the undertaking, or to any future, uncertain act or event except presentation of documents or another such act or event within a guarantor/issuers sphere of operations.第 4 条 保证的国际性(1)保证是国际性的 如果保证中明确规定的营业地或者下列人员即保证人、受益人、主债务人/申请人、指示人、保兑人中任何两方在不同国家者；(2)为了适用上款规定：(a)如果保函为特定人列举一个以上营业地，则相关的营业地系指与保证有最密切联系 者；(b)如果保函未为特定人列举营业地但指 明了其习惯居所，则该保证的国际性即可依此 相关因素予以确定。Article 4. Internationality of undertaking(1) An undertaking is international if the places of business, as specified in the undertaking, of any two of the following persons are in different States: guarantor/issuer, beneficiary, principal/applicant, instructing party, confirmer.(2) For the purposes of the preceding paragraph:(a) If the undertaking lists more than one place of business for a given person, the relevant place of business is that which has the closest relationship to the undertaking;(b) If the undertaking does not specify a place of business for a given person but specifies its habitual residence, that residence is relevant for determining the international character of the undertaking.第二章 解释CHAPTER II. INTERPRETATION第 5 条 解释之原则解释本公约，应考虑本公约的国际性，促进其统一适用的需要，以及国际实践中对独立保证和备用信用证的诚信的遵守。Article 5. Principles of interpretationIn the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and the observance of good faith in the international practice of independent guarantees and stand-by letters of credit.第 6 条 定义除本公约条款或其上下文另有明示者以外，为适用本公约：(a)“保证”包括“反担保” 和“保证之保兑” 。(b)“保证人”包括“反担保人 ”和“保兑人” 。(c)“反担保”意指：保证人的指示人向另一保证的保证人所作的保证，承诺： 经请求或一经附其他单据的请求，即行以符合保函的条款和任何单据条件、指示或可推知的条件的方式付款。其它保证项下的款项系由作出该其它保证的人支付或可向该人提出请求。(d)“反担保人”意指“作出反担保的人 ”。(e)“保证的保兑”意指：经由保证人授权并添附于保证人之保证之上的一项保证；该“保 兑”给予受益人以选择权即向保兑人而非保证人要求付款。该受益人只需提出付款请求或依 保兑了的保证中所附单据条件提出请求即可，但不得妨碍受益人要求保证人付款之权利；(f)“保兑人”意指对保证作出保兑之人。(g)“单据”(document)意指提供完全记录的一种文件。Article 6. DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Convention and unless otherwise indicated in a provision of this Convention or required by the context:(a) “Undertaking“ includes “counter-guarantee“ and “confirmation of an undertaking“;(b) “Guarantor/issuer“ includes “counter-guarantor“ and “confirmer“;(c) “Counter-guarantee“ means an undertaking given to the guarantor/issuer of another undertaking by its instructing party and providing for payment upon simple demand or upon demand accompanied by other documents, in conformity with the terms and any documentary conditions of the undertaking, indicating, or from which it is to be inferred, that payment under that other undertaking has been demanded from, or made by, the person issuing that other undertaking;(d) “Counter-guarantor“ means the person issuing a counter-guarantee;(e) “Confirmation“ of an undertaking means an undertaking added to that of the guarantor/issuer, and authorized by the guarantor/issuer, providing the beneficiary with the option of demanding payment from the confirmer instead of from the guarantor/issuer, upon simple demand or upon demand accompanied by other documents, in conformity with the terms and any documentary conditions of the confirmed undertaking, without prejudice to the beneficiarys right to demand payment from the guarantor/issuer;(f) “Confirmer“ means the person adding a confirmation to an undertaking;(g) “Document“ means a communication made in a form that provides a complete record thereof.第三章 保函之形式与内容CHAPTER III. FORM AND CONTENT OF UNDERTAKING第 7 条 保函的签发、形式及其不可撤销(1)保函脱离有关保证人的控制范围即为保函的签发；(2)保函得以任何形式签发 只要它保存了该保证文本的完整记录以及提供了经由一般认可的方式或保证人和受益人双方议定之程序以认证该保证来源。(3)自保函签发之时起，得按保函之条件提出付款请求，但该保函另有时间规定者， 不在此限。(4)一经签发，保函即应不可撤销，但该保函规定其为可撤销者，不在此限；Article 7. Issuance, form and irrevocability of undertaking(1) Issuance of an undertaking occurs when and where the undertaking leaves the sphere of control of the guarantor/issuer concerned.(2) An undertaking may be issued in any form which preserves a complete record of the text of the undertaking and provides authentication of its source by generally accepted means or by a procedure agreed upon by the guarantor/issuer and the beneficiary.(3) From the time of issuance of an undertaking, a demand for payment may be made in accordance with the terms and conditions of the undertaking, unless the undertaking stipulates a different time.(4) An undertaking is irrevocable upon issuance, unless it stipulates that it is revocable.第 8 条 修改(1)保函不得修改，但是以保函所规定之形式修改者，若无此规定，以第 7 条第 2 节所指之形式修改者，不在此限；(2)除保函另有规定者，或者保证人和受益人另有协议者以外，如果保函之修正获受益人之事先授权，修正作出之时该保函即被修正；(3)除保函另有规定或保证人和受益人另有协议者以外，修正事先未获受益人授权者，仅 当保证人收到受益人以第 7 条第 2 款所指之形式作出的接受该修正的通知时，该保函才得被 修正；(4)保函之修正不影响主债务人 /申请人(或指示人) 或保证之保兑人的权利义务，但此类人同意该修正者，不在此限。Article 8. Amendment(1) An undertaking may not be amended except in the form stipulated in the undertaking or, failing such stipulation, in a form referred to in paragraph (2) of article 7.(2) Unless otherwise stipulated in the undertaking or elsewhere agreed by the guarantor/issuer and the beneficiary, an undertaking is amended upon issuance of the amendment if the amendment has previously been authorized by the beneficiary.(3) Unless otherwise stipulated in the undertaking or elsewhere agreed by the guarantor/issuer and the beneficiary, where any amendment has not previously been authorized by the beneficiary, the undertaking is amended only when the guarantor/issuer receives a notice of acceptance of the amendment by the beneficiary in a form referred to in paragraph (2) of article 7.(4) An amendment of an undertaking has no effect on the rights and obligations of the principal/applicant (or an instructing party) or of a confirmer of the undertaking unless such person consents to the amendment.第 9 条 受益人请求付款权的转让(1)受益人付款请求权，仅在保函中有此授权方可转让；亦仅能依保函中授权的方式和 范围进行转让；(2)如果保证是可转让的，而未明确规定实际转让时是否要求保证人或另一被授权的人的同意，保证人和任何其它被授权的人都无义务必须实施转让，但以其明确同意的方式和 范围进行者，不在此限。Article 9. Transfer of beneficiarys right to demand payment(1) The beneficiarys right to demand payment may be transferred only if authorized in the undertaking, and only to the extent and in the manner authorized in the undertaking.(2) If an undertaking is designated as transferable without specifying whether or not the consent of the guarantor/issuer or another authorized person is required for the actual transfer, neither the guarantor/issuer nor any other authorized person is obliged to effect the transfer except to the extent and in the manner expressly consented to by it.第 10 条 收益之转让(1)除保函另有规定或保证人和受益人另有协议者以外，受益人得向另一人转让依该保证 可以获得的任何收益；(2)如果保证人或另一付款义务人收到受益人以第 7 条第 2 款所指之形式作成并发出的不可撤销转让通知，向该受让人的付款可以免除债务人在其付款范围内，依据保函所承担的付款义务。Article 10. Assignment of proceeds(1) Unless otherwise stipulated in the undertaking or elsewhere agreed by the guarantor/issuer and the beneficiary, the beneficiary may assign to another person any proceeds to which it may be, or may become, entitled under the undertaking.(2) If the guarantor/issuer or another person obliged to effect payment has received a notice originating from the beneficiary, in a form referred to in paragraph (2) of article 7, of the beneficiarys irrevocable assignment, payment to the assignee discharges the obligor, to the extent of its payment, from its liability under the undertaking.第 11 条 付款请求权之终止(1)受益人请求支付保证项下之款项的权利在下列情形终止：(a)保证人收到受益人以第 7 条第 2 款所指之形式作出的免除其付款责任的声明；(b)受益人和保证人已就保证终止问题，以保函中所规定之形式，若无此规定，则以第 7 条2 款所指之形式，达成协议。(c)保函所担保款项已清偿，但是该保函规定了保证款项的自动更新或自动增额，或者规 定了保函之延续者，不在此限。(d)保函的有效期限依据第 12 条而届满。(2)保函可以规定或者保证人和受益人可以另作以下协议：付款请求权之终止时，要求向保证人退还表示保证意愿的文件 在签发非书面保证时，应向其退还功能相当的文件；这种要求可以单独地亦可连同本条第 1 款(a) 和(b) 项中所列件 之一予以提出。然而，依据本条第 1 款(c)或(d) 项，受益人的付款请求权终止后，受益人保留任何此类文件绝不能保留保证中受益人的任何权利。Article 11. Cessation of right to demand payment(1) The right of the beneficiary to demand payment under the undertaking ceases when:(a) The guarantor/issuer has received a statement by the beneficiary of release from liability in a form referred to in paragraph (2) of article 7;(b) The beneficiary and the guarantor/issuer have agreed on the termination of the undertaking in the form stipulated in the undertaking or, failing such stipulation, in a form referred to in paragraph (2) of article 7;(c) The amount available under the undertaking has been paid, unless the undertaking provides for the automatic renewal or for an automatic increase of the amount available or otherwise provides for continuation of the undertaking;(d) The validity period of the undertaking expires in accordance with the provisions of article 12.(2) The undertaking may stipulate, or the guarantor/issuer and the beneficiary may agree elsewhere, that return of the document embodying the undertaking to the guarantor/issuer, or a procedure functionally equivalent to the return of the document in the case of the issuance of the undertaking in non-paper form, is required for the cessation of the right to demand payment, either alone or in conjunction with one of the events referred to in subparagraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph (1) of this article. However, in no case shall retention of any such document by the beneficiary after the right to demand payment ceases in accordance with subparagraph (c) or (d) of paragraph (1) of this article preserve any rights of the beneficiary under the undertaking.第 12 条 届满(expiry)保函的有效期限在下列情形届满：(a)在届满之日。该届满之日可以是特定的历日或保函规定的固定期限的最后一天； 如果失效之日在签发保函的保证人营业地并非营业日，或在另一人之营业地并非营业日或者 在保函规定的提出付款请求的另一地并非营业日者，则在往后顺延的第一个营业日失效。(b)如果依据保函，其届满取决于保证人营业范围以外的行为或事件之发生者，在保证人 提出保函列明的证明此类行为或事件业已发生的文件时，或者，若未列明此类文件者，受 益人提出证明此类行为或事件业已发生的证明书时；(c)如果保函并未列明届满之日；或者，如果届满得以确立的行为或事件虽经提出所要求的文件仍未确定，且另外未确定失效之日，自签发保函之日起经过 6 年，该保函即行届满；Article 12. ExpiryThe validity period of the undertaking expires:(a) At the expiry date, which may be a specified calendar date or the last day of a fixed period of time stipulated in the undertaking, provided that, if the expiry date is not a business day at the place of business of the guarantor/issuer at which the undertaking is issued, or of another person or at another place stipulated in the undertaking for presentation of the demand for payment, expiry occurs on the first business day which follows;(b) If expiry depends according to the undertaking on the occurrence of an act or event not within the guarantor/issuers sphere of operations, when the guarantor/issuer is advised that the act or event has occurred by presentation of the document specified for that purpose in the undertaking or, if no such document is specified, of a certification by the beneficiary of the occurrence of the act or event;(c) If the undertaking does not state an expiry date, or if the act or event on which expiry is stated to depend has not yet been established by presentation of the required document and an expiry date has not been stated in addition, when six years have elapsed from the date of issuance of the undertaking.第四章 权利、义务及抗辩CHAPTER IV. RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS AND DEFENCES第 13 条 权利、义务的确定(1)保证人和受益人由保证所生之权利、义务，由保函中所列条件确定之，包括保函中 特别提及的任何规则、一般条件或惯例以及本公约的条文。(2)解释保函的条件以及解决保函条款或本公约未加规定的问题时，应考虑适用于独立保证或备用信用证之普遍公认的规则与惯例。Article 13. Determination of rights and obligations(1) The rights and obligations of the guarantor/issuer and the beneficiary arising from the undertaking are determined by the terms and conditions set forth in the undertaking, including any rules, general conditions or usages specifically referred to therein, and by the provisions of this Convention.(2) In interpreting terms and conditions of the undertaking and in settling questions that are not addressed by the terms and conditions of the undertaking or by the provisions of this Convention, regard shall be had to generally accepted international rules and usages of independent guarantee or stand-by letter of credit practice.第 14 条 保证人责任及其行动准则(1)保证人履行其依保函和本公约所负之义务时，一秉诚信并且给予合理注意，依从适用于独立保证或备用信用证之普遍公认的国际惯例与准则行事。(2)未尽诚信义务或有重大过失者，不能免除保证人的责任。Article 14. Standard of conduct and liability of guarantor/issuer(1) In discharging its obligations under the undertaking and this Convention, the guarantor/issuer shall act in good faith and exercise reasonable care having due regard to generally accepted standards of international practice of independent guarantees or stand-by letters of credit.(2) A guarantor/issuer may not be exempted from liability for its failure to act in good faith or for any grossly negligent conduct.第 15 条 请求(1)保证项下的任何付款请求应当依保函条件且以第 7 条第 2 款所指之形式提出；(2)除保函另有规定者外，付款请求和保函所要求的任何证明或其它文件应在付款请求得以提出的时限内提供，且应在保函签发地向保证人提供；(3)受益人提出付款请求，即被视为证明该请求并非恶意且并不存在第 19 条第 1 款(a)、(b)、(c)项所称之因素。Article 15. Demand(1) Any demand for payment under the undertaking shall be made in a form referred to in paragraph (2) of article 7 and in conformity with the terms and conditions of the undertaking.(2) Unless otherwise stipulated in the undertaking, the demand and any certification or other document required by the undertaking shall be presented, within the time that a demand for payment may be made, to the guarantor/issuer at the place where the undertaking was issued.(3) The beneficiary, when demanding payment, is deemed to certify that the demand is not in bad faith and that none of the elements referred to in subparagraphs (a), (b) and (c) of paragraph (1) of article 19 are present.第 16 条 付款请求及附随文件之审查(1)保证人应当依第 14 条第 1 款所列行动准则审查付款请求以及任何附随文件。保证人应充分考虑可适用于独立保证或备用信用证之国际准则以决定单据是否符合保函条款，以彼此之间是否一致。(2)除保函另有规定或保证人和受益人另有协议者外，保证人应当在合理期限内，但最长在收到请求和任何附随单据之日起七个营业日内，完成下列事项：(a)审查付款请求以及任何附随单据；(b)决定是否付款；(c)若决定不予付款，应向受益人作出不付款的通知。除保函另有规定或保证人和受益人另有协议者外，(c)项中所指通知应以电传方式，若电 传不可能，应以其它快捷方式作出，并且应当表明不予付款的理由。Article 16. Examination of demand and accompanying documents(1) The guarantor/issuer shall examine the demand and any accompanying documents in accordance with the standard of conduct referred to in paragraph (1) of article 14. In determining whether documents are in facial conformity with the terms and conditions of the undertaking, and are consistent with one another, the guarantor/issuer shall have due regard to the applicable international standard of independent guarantee or stand-by letter of credit practice.(2) Unless otherwise stipulated in the undertaking or elsewhere agreed by the guarantor/issuer and the beneficiary, the guarantor/issuer shall have reasonable time, but not more than seven business days following the day of receipt of the demand and any accompanying documents, in which to:(a) Examine the demand and any accompanying documents;(b) Decide whether or not to pay;(c) If the decision is not to pay, issue notice thereof to the beneficiary.The notice referred to in subparagraph (c) above shall, unless otherwis