考研有机化学方程式书写题题库

12 饱和脂肪烃1完成下列反应式：答案： (1)(2)(3)(4)3 不饱和脂肪烃一完成下列反应：(3) + BrH(4) + Cl2 hvCH3CH2CH3 Br2(1) + hvCH3CCH3CH3Cl2CH3hv(2) +CH3CH2CH3 + Br2 CH3CHBrCH3hvCH3CCH3CH3CH3CH3CCH3CH2ClCH3Cl2+ hvBr+HBrCl Cl+Cl2 hvCH3HI+Cl3CHCH2CH32CHCH2HOClCH3CH3CC2CH2HBr+H2+Pd/BaSO4+HBr( 3)( 4)( 5)( 6)( 7) OOO+( 8)H2SO4CH3CH2C CH2CH3+CH3CH2C CH2CH3HClH2O+(1)(2)2答：反应产物为：二、完成下列反应式1 (1)(2)CH2 H2OH2SO4C(CH3)22 H2O2CH3 HBr3 O3 Zn/H2OCH3CH2CH=CH24 (1)(2)CH2 H2OH2SO45 Br23006 H2OCl2 7 (1)(2)CH2 H2O2CH2CH OHB2H68 KMnO4OH9 H+KMnO4C2H5 C2H5CH=CH10 H3O+C6H5CO3H11 H+KMnO4C2H512 H2O2OsO413 CH2 H2O2OHB2H614 H2O2OHCH3 B2H6CH3CH2CCH3ClCH3（1）（2）CH3CH2CCH3OSO3HCH3 CH3CH2CCH3OHCH3（3）ICH3（4）Cl3CCH2CH2Br（5）CH3CH2CHCH2ClOH （6）CH3CH=CHCH3（7）HCCCH2CHCH3Br （8）OOO315 (1)(2)O3(CH3)2CH Zn/H2OCH3CH16 H2OBr217 NBSCH318 CH2 H2OCl2C(CH3)2 19 CH3 Br2CCl420 (1)(2)O3Zn/H2OCH321 KMnO4OHHC2H5C C2H5HC22 H2O2CH3 B2H6 OH23 Br2CCl424 H2OCH3CH3 OsO4NaHSO325 CH2CH HBrC6H5 ROOR26 (1)(2)O3CH2 Zn/H2OC2H5 CCH327 HIF3C CH=CH228 CH2 CH2H2O2OHB2H629 CH2 H+IClC(CH3)230 H2SO4H3O+CH3答案：1. 2. 3. CH3CH2CHO + HCHO 4. OHCH3C(CH3)2 BrCH3 OHCH35. 6. or 7. Br HOCl ClOH CH2CH2 CH2OH48. 9. 10 OHOH COOH2 CH2CH3 ()OHOHO11. 12. 13. COOHCOCH3 (CH2)3 OHOH CH2OH14. 15. 16. CH3OH (CH3)2CHCHOCH3 CHOBrOH17. 18. 19. BrCH3 CH2ClC(CH3)2 OH BrCH3Br ()20. 21. 22. or CHOCOCH3 (CH2)3 OHHHOC2H5HC2H5() CH3OH CH3OH23. 24. 25. BrBr() CH3CH3OHOH CH2CH2C6H5 OH26. 27. 28. HC2H5 C COCH3 HO CH2CH2IF3C CH2 CH2HO OH29. 30. CH2(CH3)2CH ICl OSO3HCH3 OH CH3三、完成下列反应式1 Cl2CH2 CH2CH CHC2 H2SO4CH3CH2 CHC HgSO43 CH CHCHCH3 OCH=CH2 CCCH OO4 NaCH2CH3 NH3 OsO4H2O2CH3CC 主5 CHCH3 Br2CCl4CH3CCCH6 H2主主LindlarCH3 CH3C C7 H2OH+CHC HgSO48 Na H2OH+CH2BrCHC HgSO459 H2OCH H2SO4CHCH3 CHC HgSO410 KMnO4CHKOHCH3CH2C11 CH2Cl CH2 +CHF C C Ag(NH3)212 OHCHB2H6H2O2CH3CH2C13Na INH3 CH3CHCH3C 主 H2Pt /Pb14 H2OCOOH KMnO4C2H5 CH3CHB2H6C15 CH2CH2 CH HBrCHC (1mol)16 CH2C HBrCH3 CH=CH217 HClCHC6H5 CHCH=CH218 OHCH3 B2H6H2O2CH3CC19 O3C H2OCH3CH2 CH3C20 ClNaNH2 OHCH3 B2H6H2O2ClC答案： 1. 2. 3. ClCH2 CH2CHCl CHC COCH3CH3CH2 OCH3CCOO4. 5. 6. HHC C2H5CH3 C HOC2H5()OHCH3H H CHBrCH3 Br CH3CCCH HHCCH3 CCH37. 8. , OCH3C CH2 CHC CH2 CH3CO9. 10. CH CH3COCH3 CH COOKCO2CH3CH211. 12. CH2 CCl CH2FC C Ag CHOCH2CH3CH213. , ,CNaCH3C CCH3CH3C HHCCH3 CCH3614. , 15. C2H5CH=CH2CH2OHC2H5OHCH CH2CHBr CHCH3 C16. 17. CH2C BrCH3 BrCHCH3 (主) CH2CCH3CHCH3 (主) CHC6H5 CHClCHCH318. 19. COCH3CH3CH2 COOHCH3CH2 CH3COOH20. CHC CH2CHO4 芳香烃一完成下列反应式：答案：CH3HNO32S4（1） (CH3)CCH23KMnO4/H+（2） AlCl3CH32CH2l+（3） CH(3)2Cl2+光照（4） (CH3O)2 AlCl3+（5） CH23Cl2FeCl3+（6） CH22CH2OClAlCl3（8）CHOCH3OClAlC3+（7） 3N32S4（1）CH3NO2 H3C NO2+(CH3) 2H3KMnO4/H+（2） (CH3)3C COOH（3） AlC3CH32CH2l+ CH(CH3)2CH(3)2Cl2+光照（4） C(CH3)2Cl（5） (CH3O)2 AlCl3+ COCH3CH23Cl2FeCl3+（6） +CH2CH3Cl CH2CH3ClCHOCH3OClAlC3+（7） CHOCOCH3CH22CH2OClAlCl3（8）O7二、完成下列反应式1 KMnO4C2H5H3C2(CH3)3CClCH3CH3 AlCl3103 H2SO4 Cl KMnO4H3C HNO34Br2 Cl2hvH3C Fe5 H2SO4606. CH2 ClCH3AlCl3 CO Zn-Hg主HCl7 COOHOHCH3 CH3HNO3(2 mol)8 H2SO4NO2NHHNO3CO9. H2SO4 KMnO4BrC2H5 HNO310. KMnO4(CH3)3C11. H2SO4HNO3COO12. Br2OCH3 FeCOCH3O13. HCl(1)(2) H2SO4 KMnO4AlCl3 HNO3 主14 H2SO4CH2 HNO3O2 N15. CH2 ClCH2 AlCl3CO16. OHCH2CH2 (CH3)2C HF817 NO2Cl2OCH3 Fe18 H2SO4NO2CH3O HNO319 H2SO4Cl NHCOCH3 HNO320 H2SO4O2N HNO321 H2SO4 H+KMnO4HNO3 ,22 CH2 ClCH3AlCl3 COCO23Al3C22C2l24 + CH32CH22ClAlC310 KMnO425 CH2OClAl326+ C2 KMnO4CH2AlC3答案：1 ；2 ；3 ， ；4 ，COHHOOCCH3CH3C(CH3)3 NO2ClCH3 NO2COOHClCH3Br；BrCH2Cl5 ；6 ， ；7 ；SO3H CH3CH2CO CH2 CH3CH2 NO2O2NOHCH38 ， ；9 ，NO2O2N NHCO COOHBr NO2COOHBr10. ；11. ， ；12.(CH3)3C COOH NO2O2N COO Br OCH3COCH3O913. ， ； 14. ； 15.NO2COOH O2N NO2CH2 O16. ；17. ；18. ；19. ；CH3CH3 NO2Cl OCH3 NO2CH3O Cl NHCOCH3NO220. ；21. ， ；22. ；NO2O2NNO2 O2NCOOCO CH2 CH3COCO23 ；24 ， ；25 ；CH(CH3)2 COOH O26 ， ；C2H5 COOH5 脂环烃一、完成下列反应式1 2+ CH3O + CH2Cl3 4CH3CCH22+ HBr + COEtt5 6CH3CCH22+ HCl CH3+ COH337 8. CH3+3 COH33 H3CH3C CH2CH3 Cl2+9 10. +OCH3 HBrH3CH3C CH2CH3+11 12. CH OHCH CH3KMnO4 CHC H+CH3CH3 KMnO41013. 14. H2SO4 H2O+CH3 + COCH3CH3OC15. 16. +CO2CH3 CHO +17. 18. +COCO+ O19 20. +CH3 CH3 + COOCH3COOCH321. 22. NO2CH2+ hv答案：1. 答： 2. 答：COCH3 Cl3. 答： 4. 答：CHCH2CH3CH3Br COEtCOEt5. 答： 6. 答：ClCHCH2CH3CH3 COCH3CH3COCH37. 答： 8. 答： COCH3CH3CH3 COOCH3 C2H5Cl CCH2CHCH3ClCH39. 答： 10. 答：COCH3 CH3CH3CHCCH3CH3Br11. 答： 12. 答： CH3CHOHOHCHH3C CCH3OCH3COH13. 答： 14. 答： OHCHCH2CH3CH3 COCH3COCH315. 答： 16. 答： COCH3 CHO1117. 答： 18. 答： COCOO19. 答： 20. 答： CH3CH3 COOCH3COOCH321. 答： 22. 答： NO2CH26 卤代烃一、完成下列反应式答案：（1）（2） （3） （4）（5）7 醇、酚、醚一. 完成下列化学反应式：(CH3)CBr KCNC2H5OCH3CH3OBrH AgNO3CH32CH3OPCl5 NH3CH3CH2BrH NaCCH2lOHOH2+ _,（1）（2）（3）（5）（4）(CH3)3CBr KCNC2H5OH+ (CH3)3CNCH3CHCH3OH HBr CH3CHCH3Br AgNO3/C2H5OH CH3CHCH3ONO2 +AgBrCH3CH2CHCH3OH PCl5 CH3CH2CHCH3NH2CH3CH2CHCH3Cl NH3CH3CHCH2 HBr CH3CHCH3Br CH3CHCH3CNNaCNCH2Cl CH2OHOHH2O(1)(2) KMnO4/H2SO4OHCH32C3CH32BrCH32CH3+ Na(3) (4) (5) OCH3+HICH3CH32 CH3OH2SO4O+Br2312答案：二、完成反应及答案：1 OC2H5HI2 OHHO+H H HIO43 CH2ClCH2CHONa +4 OHCH3 H3PO45 OCH3HI(1)(2)(3) (4) (5) CH3CH2Br CH3CHCH2CH3ONa+ CH3CHCH2CH3OCH2CH3CH3CHCH2CH3OH KMnO4/H2SO4 CH3CH2CCH3OCH3CH2CHCHCH3OHCH3H2SO4 CH3CH2CCHCH3CH3OH+3Br2OHBrBrBr+OCH3 HI OH+CH3I136 CH3OHOHCH3 H+7 HOOHH2SO48 CH3OCH3 C CHCH3 CH3ONaCH3OH9 OHH+C(CH3)2(C6H5)2C OH10 OC2H5 HI11 HOHIO4OHCHCHCH312 +CH2ONa CH2 CHCH2Cl13CH 3CH2CH2CH2OCH3 + HI (1mol) 14 OHHIO4OH15 H+C6H5CH2CHCH(CH3)2OH16 OHCH3CH C(CH3)2CH OHOH HIO417CH 3CH2CH2CHOHCH3 + SOCl2 18 CH3 +CCH2CH3OH HBr19 +CH2OH PCl31420 H2SO4CH3OHCH(CH3)221H+OH 1. O32. Zn/H2O22 CHCH3OCH2CH23 HBrOH+24 CH2 CHCH2OH CrO3CH3COOH25 CH3ONaCH3OHCH CH2O26 OHCHCH2ClNaOH CH3CH27 CH3 HIO4H3COHHO28 HBr+CH3CH2CHCH2CH3OCH3+29 H+CHOHHO30 CH2OH MnO2CH2Cl231 OH Na2Cr2O7H2SO4答案：1. 答： 2. 答：OH+C2H5I OHCCH2CH2CH2CHO3. 答： 4. 答：CH2OCH2CHCH3155. 答： 6. 答： OH+CH3I CH3OCH37. 答： 8. 答：O OHCHCH3(CH3)2C OCH39. 答： 10. 答：CH3OCCH3(C6H5)2C +C2H5IOH11. 答： 12. 答：+CHO CH3CHOCH2OCH2CHCH213. 答：CH 3CH2CH2CH2OH + CH3I 14. 答：OO15. 答： 16. 答：CH 3CHO + HCOOH + CHCH(CH3)2C6H5CHCH3COCH317. 答：CH 3CH2CH2CHClCH3 18. 答：CH3CCH2CH3Br19. 答： 20. 答：CH2ClCH3CH(CH3)221. 答： 22. 答：CHOCHO CH3CHCHCH2OH23. 答： 24. 答：Br CH2 CHCHO25. 26. CHCH2OHOCH3 ONa OCH2CHCHCH31627. 答： 28. 答：CH3H3COO +OHCH3CH2CHCH2CH3 CH3Br29. 答： 30. 答：OCHO31. 答： O8 醛、酮、醌一、完成反应1 CHO240%NaOH +22 50%KOH +Cl CHO3CH3CHCHCHONaBH4H2O4+CHOCH3CH2CHO5 COCH2CH3Zn-Hg/HCl6 CHO+ CH3O CH3COCH3NaOH7 CHCH2CHOCH2LiAlH48 CHO+ CH3CHONaOH91. NaBH4CHCH2CHOCH3CH 2. H3O+1710 Zn-Hg/HClCH3OHO CH2C11 CHO2NaOHCH312+ 1. Et2OMgBrO 2. H3O+13 +CH3COCH2CH3 I2 NaOH +14 O +Ph3P CH215 CHCH3CH3COCH3+Ph3P16 1. NaBH42. H3O+CCH2CH3O17 CH3O + C6H5COOOHC答案：1. 答： +COHCH2OH2. 答：+COH CH2OHCl Cl3. 答： CH3CHCHCH2OH4. 答： CHC(H3)CHO5. 答： CH2CH2CH36. 答： CHCHCOCH3CH3O7. 答： CHCH2CH2OHCH28. 答：CHCHCHO189. 答： CHCH2CH2OHCH3CH10. 答： HO CH2CH2CH311. 答： +COOHCH2OHCH3CH312. 答：HO13. 答： +CHI3 CH3CH2COONa14. 答： CH215. 答： CHCH3(CH3)2C16. 答：CHCH2CH3OH17. 答：CH3 OCO（二）完成下列反应，写出主要产物：答案：（1）OCH32CHKOH+（2）OCH2=CMgBr+THF H2O（4） C6H52COH3Br2 /NaOH（3） OHCH3C3 Cl (g)（5）OHCHOOHC +HCO( （6）OHCH32CHO （1）OCH32CHKOH+（2）OCH2=CMgBr+THF H2O（4） C6H52COH3Br2 /NaOH（3） OH+CH3OCH3 HCl (g)HO CCCH 2CH3OOCH3CCH3C6H5CH2COO + CHBr 3OMgBrCH=CH2OHCH=CH2（5）OHCHOOHC +HCO( （6）OHCH32CHO CH3CH2CHCHCHOOHCH3+ HCOOCH2OHHOCH219CH3CH22CH2OHOOCOHOCH2OH( 1)( 2)( 3)9 羧酸及其衍生物和取代酸一、完成下列反应式(CH3O)2 CH3NCH23COC2H5CH3OC2H5C2H5ONaH+PCl3Br COHSOCl2CH2OHCl2CH3C2COC2H5O Br2( 4 ) + 1.2.+( 5 )( 6 )( 7 )( 8 )+20答案：10 含氮和含磷化合物一、完成下列转变：(1)由苯合成 1,3,5-三溴苯 (2)由乙醇合成甲胺(3)乙醇合成乙胺 (4)由乙醇合成丙胺(5)由苄醇合成苯酚 (6)由甲苯合成苄胺答案：（1）（2）CH 3CH2OH CH3COOH CH3CONH2 CH3NH2CH3CH22CH2OHOOCOHCH2OH( 1)( 2)( 3) O CH2COOHCOOHCH2 OCH3CH C=O CH2 CH2 (CH3O)2 CH3NCH23CO2H5CH3OC2H5C2H5ONa+PCl3Br COHSOCl2CH2OHCl2CH3C2OC2H5O Br2( 4) + 1.2.+( 5)( 6)( 7)(8)+ CH3CBr(OH)CHBrCOOC2H5 COOH COCH2COC2H5COClBrCH2COClCH2CH3CH3CONCH3NH3O Br2/NaOHNH3PBr3Or HBrNaNO2/HCl C2H5OH Or H3PO2BrBrBr