14.句子成分

What makes a sentence? Words Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg. What kind of words? Harry Potter are friends cry unfortunately pink for two weeks country music we to swim carry out out of orderlistening to popular music lively What happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. 主语 谓语 表语 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 宾语补足语 状语 Sentence constituents 句子成分 主语 （ subject） 谓语 （ predicate） 表语 （ predicative） 宾语 （ object） 宾语补足语 （ object complement） 定语 （ attributive） 状语 （ adverbial） 组 成句子的成分叫 句子成分 。在句 子中， 词 与 词 之 间 有一定的 组 合 关系 ，按照不同的关系，可以把句 子分 为 不同的 组 成成分 。 主语 subject 句子说明的 人或事物 1.Harry Potter is the hero in this book. 哈利 波特是这本书的主人公。 2.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 3.It is clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. It是形式主语，主语从句是真正主语。 4.To see is to believe. 眼见为实 Some conceptions of a gentleman are these: a gentleman is always considerate for the feelings of others; he has tact he knows how to say and to do the right thing at the right time. Being happy is better than being king. (West African saying) Underline the subject in these sentences. 由 充 当 例句 名 词 The earth looks like a huge water-covered globe. 代 词 Nobody will knows what will occur in the future. 数 词 The first that she supplied for me was a Spanish novel. 不定式 To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work. 可在句中充当主语的 由 充 当 例句 动词 -ing Playing video games is harmful to the young peoples health and affects their study. 词组 或复 合 结 构 Success or failure depends on the support of the masses. 名 词 化的 形容 词 或 分 词 In some countries the rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. 从句 What has happened proved that our policy is right. 可在句中充当主语的 谓语 predicate 对主语加以陈述，表示主语 的行为或状态，常用动词或 者动词词组担任，放在主语 的后面。 He practices running every morning. You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. We are students. 实义动词 情态动词 +动词原形 助动词 +动词的适当形式 连系动词 谓语的构成 3. What we used to think _ (be) impossible does seem possible now. keeps is being repaired was 1. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _ (keep) rising these days. 2. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ (repair) at the garage. The company had about 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ used regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. (2006浙江 ) A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ (sit) down to eat our picnic lunch.sat 由 充当 例句 动词 I appreciate your timely help indeed. 动词 短 语 After the expedition, Captain Cook set up home in London. 情 态动词 + 动词 原形 She could read Latin and Greek when she was ten. 助 动词 +动 词 适当形式 He has caught a bad cold. 连 系 动词 + 表 语 Shops remain open till 9 in the evening. 可在句中充当谓语的 表语 predicative The machine must be out of order. His job is to teach English. The weather has turned cold. 说明主语的身份、 特征和状态，它一 般位于系动词之后 。 The story sounds true.常见系动词有 be, become, look, sound, taste, smell, feel, seem, appear, get, turn, grow, go, remain, keep, stay 宾语 object 表示动作的对象或 承爱者，一般位于 及物动词 和介词后 。 They went to see an exhibition（展览） yesterday. I enjoy listening to popular music. We should learn from her. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子 。 1. The new college graduate insisted on _ (send) where he was most needed. 2. The parents suggested _ (sleep) in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. being sent sleeping 2. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ (get) her permission for things, think again. 3. Victor apologized for not _ (inform) me of the change in the plan. to sound getting informing 4. I dont want _ (sound) like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. 由 充当 例句 名 词 He has formed the habit of rising early in the morning. 代 词 Have you told them anything about the accident? 数 词 If you add 5 to 5, you get 10. 名 词 化的形 容 词 We may find out the unknown by calculation. 可在句中充当宾语的 由 充当 例句 动词 -ing（ 短 语 ） I dislike travelling to work in a very crowded bus every day. 不定式（短 语 ） He refused to attend the medical conference. 从句 I wonder whether I should stay or not. 可在句中充当宾语的 Hobo brought the newspaper to me. My friend lends me his bike. 找出下列句子的宾语 有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，即指人的间接 宾语和指物的直接宾语， 直接宾语 是谓语动词 的承受者， 间接宾语 表示谓语动作的方向（对 谁做什么）或动作的目标（为谁做什么）。 动词 与 “双 宾语 ” give sb. sth./give sth. to sb. 常 见 的 这类结 构的 动词 有： give, send, bring, owe, take, offer, pass, lend, tell, return, promise, show, write, throw, hand, award, grant等 make sb. sth./make sth. for sb. 常 见 的 这类结 构的 动词 有： make(制造 ), prepare, buy, do, fetch, leave, build, post, get, draw, find, reserve, save等 1. Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 Mr Johnson _ last year. 2. 奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。 Grandma told _ last night. 3. 请把那本字典递给我好吗？ Would you please _? 4. 他把车票给列车员看。 He showed _. taught us German me an interesting story pass me the dictionary the ticket to the conductor 宾语补足语 object complement 位于宾语后， 用来补充宾语 的意义。 某些及物动词（如 make等 ） + 宾语 + 宾补 宾语补足语的一般句型为： We found everything in the lab in good order. Let the fresh air in. His blame made Mary cry. 宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、 分词、介词短语和从句充当。 宾语补 足 语结 构 常 见动词 例句 动词 +宾语 + to do advise, allow, ask, beg, encourage, cause, direct, expect, forbid, force, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, teach, tell, want, warn Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 动词 +宾语 +to be consider, think, believe, discover, fi nd, imagine, judge, suppose, prove We consider h im (to be) a go od teacher. 动词 +宾语 +不 带 to的不定式 feel, have, hear, let, make, notice, observe, see, watch, listen to, look at。 We watched the children play games. 注意 当句子的宾语是 动词不定式、动词 -ing形式或 从句 时，常用 it作形式宾语，将 真正 的宾语移 到宾语补足语之后。常见的动词有 think, find, consider, judge, feel, make, take等。 They thought it right to do this test. 1. Through the window, I could see the rain _ (come down) in sheets. 2. Mother made Charles _ (整理 ) his bedroom before he went out. coming down tidy Fill in the blanks. 3. Can you smell something _ (burn)? It must be coming from the kitchen. 4. When the police arrived, they found the actress _ (murder) in the bathroom. 5. The boss ordered the typist _ (have) all the documents ready. burning murdered to have 6. The robbers forced the man _ (交 出 ) the suitcase. 7. A lot of practice helped the spokesman _ (become) a more fluent speaker. 8. The hostess had the invitations _ (deliver) a week before the party. (to) become delivered to hand over Translation 1. I was absent-minded when I suddenly _ (听到喊我的 名字 ). 2. He had a strange way of _ _ (使他的 课生动有趣 ). 3. The little girl doesnt know how to _ (讲清楚自己的 意思 ). heard my name called making his classes lively and interesting get her ideas across 定语 attributive 位置灵活，用来修饰名词 和代词，说明名词和代词 的品质和特征。 The pink dress is hers. Marys parents have gone broad. The boy there needs a pen. There are thirty women teachers is our school. There is nothing to do today. The boy in blue is Tom. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. China is a developing country 前置定语 后置定语 一般情况下， 短语和从句 作定语时则放在所修饰的词 之后，作后置定语。但也有例外。 I have something important to say. He is reading a novel which was written by Dickens. He was the only man alive in the accident. Can you find anywhere safe? The woman with a baby in her arms is his mother. 由 充当 例句 形容 词 He gave a vivid description of the battle. 代 词 All these facts are proof of our progress in science. 名 词 They are to send a government trade delegation to China. 名 词 所有格 Marys parents have gone broad. 数 词 The two boys are students. 不定式（后 置） He is a man to be depended on. 可在句中充当定语的 由 充当 例句 分 词 （短 语 ） The scientists invited to the conference are all from Asia. 动词 -ing Our reading room is bright and large. 介 词 短 语 The boy in blue is Tom. 副 词 They live in the room above. 从句 The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 可在句中充当定语的 状语 adverbial 可位于句首、句末、句中， 用来修饰动词、形容词或整 个句子，表示行为发生的时 间、地点、目的、原因、方 式、程度等。 Unfortunately, I missed the train. Factories and buildings are seen here and there. He is in the room making a model plane. 状 语类 型 例句 时间 状 语 I learned a lot from the peasants when I lived in the countryside 地点状 语 Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. 目的状 语 They set out early so that they might arrive on time 原因状 语 Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 条件状 语 If you work hard at English, you will do well in English 状 语类 型 例句 方式状 语 She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 伴随状 语 She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 结 果状 语 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 让 步状 语 He went to school yesterday though he was ill 比 较 状 语 Lesson Two is not so difficult as Lesson One They were sitting quite happily on the floor. She spoke very well at the conference last night. 如果同时出现多个状语，则一般按照方式状语 、地点状语、时间状语的顺序排列。 注意 由 充当 例句 副 词 the pretty girl plays the piano wonderfully. 介 词 短 语 To his surprise, she criticized him instead of praising him. 分 词 短 语 They entered the classroom, talking and laughing. 不定式短 语 They did everything they could to save the soldiers lift. 可在句中充当状语的 由 充当 例句 从句 No matter what you say, I wont change my mind. 词组 We should save the people heart and soul. 复合 结 构 The storm having destroyed their homes, they had to live in a cave. 可在句中充当状语的 1. _ (play) football in th