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十句作文法和议论文三段式、高考英语作文的写作技巧和高考英语书 面表达正反观点议论文写作指导 高考英语作文高分技巧-逆向思维法、十句作文法和议论文三段式、高考英语作文的写作技巧和 高考英语书面表达正反观点议论文写作指导等数篇名师的作文指导 逆向思维法是指为实现某一创新或解决某一因常规思路难以解决的问题,而采取反向思维寻求 解决问题的方法。在做英语书面表达题时,我们亦可借鉴这种方法,从研究高考对书面表达的 要求入手,以及阅卷者的感受,去迎合他们的要求,从而做到有的许矢,以求短时期内取得对 书面表达的突破。 我们可以从高考作文的评分标准及阅卷的角度来审视一下对写作的要求,看看在他们的眼中 优秀作文的共同点有哪些,哪些又是主要的失分点。通过研究高考书面表达卷评分标准,我们 可清楚地发现,一篇高分书面表达必须具有以下特点: 内容要点齐全,清楚地表达了自己的观点并进行了充分合理的论证; 准确性高,描述恰当,时态、人称符合文章要求,语法、句法准确无误,结构严谨,标点、 格式、大小写亦能正确应用; 连贯性好,衔接语使用恰当,全文结构紧凑; 使用了一些较为复杂的词汇,句式,能体现出较强的语言运用能力; 开头、结尾富有特色不落俗套,给人耳目一新的感觉。 通过对高考评分标准的研究,我们可能发现高分作文有着共同的优点。我们在平时就要严格 遵循书面表达的要求,认真训练,积极发现自己的问题并做出有针对性地改进。 【典例 1】 Live in Harmony 当前我国政府和人民正努力把我国建设成一个社会关系和谐的国家,具体到学生而言,大部分 学生与家长成员以及同学关系的处理上总体是好的,但也存在着一些问题,如果容易发火,与 同学吵架,不听从家长和老师的教育等。我校正在调查高三学生与家庭成员和同学老师之间的 关系处理情况,你作为高三学生请把以上的情况向学校反映并提出一些改进的意见。 要点如下: 1目前的实际情况:好的方面和不好的方面; 2你个人的改进意见。 注意: 1文章的开头已经给出(不计入总词数); 2词数:100 左右。 Nowadays the government and people of China are trying to build a country with a harmonious relationship._ _ _ _ 【范文】 Live in Harmony Nowadays the government and people of China are trying to build a country with a harmonious relationship. Generally speaking, the realationship between us students and our family members, classmates as well teachers is good. However, there exist some problems. Some students in our grade are easy to lose their temper because of unbearable anxiety and heavy study burden. Whats worse, they sometimes quarrel with others, and even turn a deaf ear to their parents and teachers, which is very disappointing. In my opinion, we middle school students should make our efforts to improve the situation. First, we should respect our parents and teachers as well as our classmates. Second, when we are not feeling good, we can chat with our friends, teachers and parents. It is likely that they can understand us better and give us some reasonable advice. Third, after a days hard work, we can relax ourselves by taking some exercise, such as playing basketball, table tennis and so on. The most important is to create a harmonious atmosphere around us in order to realize self-harmony. 专家点评:本篇作者以大见小的写作手法紧密联系实际,清晰的结构,入理的描述,准确的 用词,都说明它是一篇不错的范文。 1) 内容要点齐全。作者巧妙地分析了周围环境的不和谐现象,并且提出创造和谐氛围的途 径,富有见地,富有哲理。作者首先总结出学生与家庭成员以及班级同学在关系处理上总体是 好的,但也存在着一些问题并很自然地引出问题所在,然后话锋一转,提出自己的观点:学生 应该如何改变这种状况。作者在写作中适当增加了细节,使文章内容更为充实,表达更为具体, 给读者以清晰的印象。最后用一句话总括主题:创造和谐氛围,创建和谐校园。整篇文章读起 来要点清晰,归纳有序,让读者一目了然。 2) 语言使用准确性高,较好地使用了英语的各种句型,琅琅上口,英语味道浓厚。作为对 当前社会问题的论述,时态的把握特别重要,写作时应以一般现在时为主。另外要能正确地列 举事例,有些同学列举时,容易前后不一致,开始时用 firstly, secondly,后来就变成了 third。还要注意的是标点应用准确,逗号、句号的使用要恰如其分,使名顾之间结构清晰,句 意明了,有效的避免汉语句式的简单罗列、词语堆砌。 3) 语言的连贯性强,非常出现地使用了连接词,使全文的结构紧凑,层次清楚,过渡自然。 比如使用了如 however, whats worse, generally speaking, in my opinion 等连接词, 使文章衔接自然、生动。 4) 这篇范文较好地使用了较为复杂的词汇和高级句型,并运用了同位语,插入语以及非限 制性定语从句。As well as, lose their temper, turn a deaf ear to, make our efforts to , chat with, quattel with, create a harmonious atmosphere 等词组应用及 It is likely that 句型,which is very disappointion 非限制性定语从句, relax ourselves by taking some exercise 中非谓语动词的使用无不为文章增添了亮点。 语篇布局: 1仔细审题,确定体裁。首先要判断作文是记叙文、说明文还是应用文,是图表形式还是 提纲形式是开放式作文还是半开放式作文,并据此选择合适的应对策略。 2抓住关键信息,梳理文章要点,考生在拿到题并审完题后,应列出提纲,以免遗漏,对 需要适当发挥的地方细心确认,不要离题太远。 3紧扣所列要点,精心挑合适的词句,列出需用的重点短语和句型,注意行文要行使语境 及英语的表达习惯。 4利用所列出的词句组句成文,注意句子结构的完整性及语法的准确性,还要选择合适的 连接词把句子联系起来,使上下文行文连贯,成为有机的整体。 5仔细核对草稿,修正错误,尤其要注意自己经常犯的一些错误,大到人称、时态的选择 小到标点、大小写都要注意。 6注意卷面,规范誊写,誊写时要写得干净工整,清晰易读,千万不能太草,试卷一般都 能出横格,要靠线书写整齐。 高考英语作文高分技巧-十句作文法 十句作文法是由有关专家总结出来的一种高分作文方法,考生在经过短期训练之后便可较大幅 度地提高成绩。为此有必要向考生加以介绍,目的是使一些对作文没有把握的考生找到一条可 行的解决办法。 需要指出的是所谓十句作文并非一定 10 句,从很多考生的高分(200 词以下)来分析,句 子数量在 8 句至 12 句(依句子长短和结构不同而不同)。如以每个句子平均 1015 个单词计 算,便能用 812 个句子完成一篇要求 120150 字的作文。 其基本模式为: 主题句 句 1 第一段 开头 扩展句 句 2 主题句 句 1 第一段 正文 扩展句 句 2 扩展句 句 3 扩展句 句 4 扩展句 句 5 扩展句 句 6 扩展句 句 7 扩展句 句 8 扩展句 句 9 第三段 结尾句 句 10 结尾 第一段为开头,包括两句。第一句为主题句,必须提出,通过问题点明全文主题;第二句为 扩展句,须进一步说明和支持主题句。或是将关系倒过来,由第一句说明情况,第二句提出 问题。 第二段为正文,共七句。第一句(句 3)为主题句,提出本段的主题,它应与第一段的主题 相关和一致。第二句至第七句(句 4 一句 7)为扩展句,说明和支持本段的主题。句与句之间要 注意运用好过渡使段落逻辑合理,结构得当。 第三段为结尾,简化为一句,也是全文的总结句,它将前面内容总结为一结果,表明自己的 论点。 三段之间的连接要灵活运用“启、承、转、合”的连接过渡手段。例如: Example 1 Television Television presents a vivid world in front of us. (1)(主题句)Through TV, we can learn what is happening half way across the world. (2)(扩展句) Television also plays an important educational role in our daily life. (3) (主题句) For one thing, the TV university provides an opportunity for many young men who can not go to formal universities. (4)(扩展句) For another, children can broaden their scope of knowledge by watching such popular programs as “The Animal World“, and “The Mickey Mouse and Duck Donald“. (5)(扩展句) Besides, women can learn about the latest fashion of dresses and the best recipe for making fruit cakes. (6)(扩展句) Furthermore, we learn many world advanced technologies from TV programs such as computer and telecommunication. (7)(扩展句) And also we can learn singing, dancing and doing physical exercises in some special TV training courses. (8)(扩展句) In short, the effect of TVs educational role is becoming more and more obvious. (9)(扩展句) Having viewed these several aspects, and with many more TV program produced, I believe that our life will become even more significant. (10)(总结句) (全文共 165 个 词) 专家点评:本篇书面表达的内容要点介全,上下衔接自然,论据充分,运用了一些较高级的词 汇和语句,是一篇欣赏价值较大的优秀范文。 1本文是一篇典型的十句作文,主题句“Television presents a vivid world in front of us”点明了文章的主题,其他句子均围绕它进行扩展。扩展句(句 29)内容详实,结束句 (句 10)总结性和概括性很强。整篇文章层次清晰,充分体现了十句作文法的特点。 2较好地使用了大量的连接词,如 for one thing, for another, besides, furthermore, and also 等,另外,in short 的使用也使结论更加清晰,概括更加明了。 3最后的总结句富有创意,利用分词短语的形式把上下文连贯起来,体现了作者对英文句 式的灵活应用,避免了一般性的概括语,很有特点。 4使用了较高级的词汇句型,不单调,像宾语从句(what is happening halfway across the world, our life will become more significant),宾语从句(who can not go to formal university),分词短语(by watching,for making fruit cakes, having viewed these aspects),重点短语(plays an important educational role, providefor),高级单词(present, broaden, scope)和 with 复合结构(with many more TV programs produced)等,这些都极大地提升了文章的档次。 使用十句作文法,首先要仔细审题,确定文章的中心问题。主题句的表达特别重要,然后才 能围绕中心进行扩展,使意图明确。扩展句一定要具体详细,不可太空、太泛,不要对与要求 无关的内容进行随意发挥,更不可为了表现英语水平而写出文不对题的句子,画蛇添足。 Example 2 Changes in Peoples Diet There have been some changes nowadays in the diet of the Chinese. (1)(主题句) For example, grain, the main food of most people in China, is now playing a less important role, while the consumption of high-nutrition food such as milk, meat has increased. (2) (扩展句) The changes in diet can be accounted for by a number of factors. (3) (主题句) First,people are much wealthier than before. (4) (扩展句) With a higher income, they can afford to buy good foods which, in the past, were rarely seen on the dinner tables of ordinary families. (5) (扩展句) Another factor is that people have realized the importance of a balanced diet to their health. (6) (扩展句) Lack of certain amount of meat milk, for example, will result in poor health. (7) (扩展句) Finally, owing to the economic reform, meat and milk,which were scarce in the past, are produced in large quantities. (8) (扩展句 ) For all those reasons, what was formerly called “the basket of vegetables“ has become that of varied foods. (9) (扩展句) To sum up, insignificant as those changes may seem, they are the signs of the improved economic condition in China, and we believe that as the effort in the modernization movement continues, there will be greater changes in peoples diet in the future. (10) (总结句) (全文共 195 个词) 谋篇布局 1审题确定格式、体裁、时态、人称等写作要点。 2列出提纲,确定开头句、扩展句和总结句,选择好适宜的句型。 3、利用一些关联词或者过渡句把句子有机地连接起来,必要时可适当增加细节。 4、仔细检查,适当修改,保证句子结构完整,要点齐全,人称时态主谓一致。 5认真誊写,卷面整洁。 高考英语作文高分技巧-议论文三段式 随着越来越多的省市进行自主命题,开放式、半开放式作文愈加受到青睐。因为此种题型可以 更准确地考查考生是否能使用英语准确表达自己的观点,充分体现了对实际解决问题的能力的 考查。此类作文多为议论文性质,所以议论文的写作显得愈加重要根据议论文的特点,最好采 用三段式论证法,第一段提出问题(总写),即主题段,陈述自己的观点;第二段用论据进行 正反两个方面的论证(分写),即拓展段,摆出支撑论点的论据;第三段得出相应的结论(总 写),为总结段,总结自己的观点。类似中文里(总分总)的写法。这种写法可以使 文章层次分明,结构清晰。 1在议论文三段式里,首先要写好开头,好的开头是成功的一半。开头写得好,会给阅卷 者留下美好的印象,有吸引力。任何一篇文章都应该做到主题鲜明,中心突出,提出论点要开 门见山,紧扣题目。高考作文篇幅短小,因此开头不能冗长拖沓,务必要点题,即说清楚文章 的人物、事件和作者的观点。 2要深化中间段。中意部分是文章的主体,需要用具体的事例、细节来阐释主题句,因此 中意的部分应该是具体的、详细的,不可泛泛而谈或点到即止,安需要围绕主题句的内容而展 开,不能谈论与之无关的东西,即论述主题要具体而又有说服力。常用方法有:比较法、举例 法、归纳法、推理法、对照法和驳论法。 3把好结尾关,避免虎头蛇尾,使结尾缺乏力量。好的结尾会深化主题,进一步强化阅卷 老师的良好印象。文章最后可以回到开头提出的中心思想上,达到再次肯定强调的效果;或者 引用格言或名人名言总结全文,即言简赅又有较强的说明力;也可用几句话概括全文的内容, 并进一步肯定文章的中心思想或作者观点。 4注意一些关联词的使用,使文章更连贯顺畅、条理清晰。 表因果的:as, as a result, because of, for, due to, owing to, thanks to, etc. 表意思的:in ones opinion, have different ideas on, my idea/view is, it strikes me that, etc. 表比较的:unlike, in the same way, on the contrary, etc. 表结论的:in brief, to end/ sum up, in other words, in conclusion, in short, in summary, etc. 5注意文章的层次和段落。 为了更好地考试中运用三段式的写作手法,考生在平时的学习中要进行严格、系统的训练, 练习题材要丰富,选票质量要高,讲求写作效果,训练时要限时完成,只有严格的训练,才能 确保考试中的超水平发挥。 【典例 1】根据以下关键字,并谈谈你对学生在业余时间参加过多的补习和培训的看法。 - | 外语补习 | | 化学补习 | | 数学补课 | | 电脑培训 | | 钢琴班 | - 【范文】 We want to have our own time. As we all know, today students have more and more homework. They spend their spare time doing the homework and taking lessons. Therefore, students have no time for themselves. In my opinion, students should have more time to develop themselves. First, students should have time to relax and play. It doesnt mean that they will waste time. They also can study and learn from playing. After doing homework for a long time, it is necessary to have some time to relax. As saying goes, “All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.” We dont want to dull boys. Second, we should have our own time in order to make our body strong enough. This can be helpful in our further study. In short, I want to say, students should have their own time to develop themselves. 专家点评:这篇范文充分体现了议论文的三段式的精髓,从以下几个方面我们可以充分感受 到它和闪亮之处。 1结构合理,富有条理性。文章分为三段。第一段简要描述了图画内容,直接点题,观点 明确;第二段提出了自己的观点并列瘵出论据支撑论点;第三段简明扼要地概括了自己的观点。 2、开门见山,没有在图画上费太多笔墨,简要描述后直接引入主题:Students should have more time to develop themselves. 3、文章描述得非常清晰,有层次感,逻辑性强。段落间和句子间连贯自然,过渡巧妙。作 者充分地发挥了连词及副词的功能,例如:as we all know, therefore, in my opinion, first, second, in short 等。 谋篇布局 1 仔细审题,确定体裁格式,选择文章主体时态,弄清中心人称。 2 确定文章的中心论点。 3 围绕中心论点列出提纲,选好论据。 4 选择合适的短语与句型表达论点与论据。 5 利用所列短语、句型组句成文,打好草稿。要避免出现汉语式的表达,根据自己所掌握的 词汇,在比较有把握的情况下可以大胆使用较高级词汇,使文章增色。 6 将草稿写到卷面上并再次审视文章结构。 7 最后做一次全面检查,注意文章的文体、格式是否正确,要点是否全面,是否有明显的语 法错误和低级的失误,是否有单词摭写错误,字母大小写是不是恰当,词数是否符合要求。 2008 年各地高考英语作文热点话题词汇预测 话题一:中学生的爱好与兴趣 Spare time(业余时间), favorite(最喜欢的), Interest(兴趣), hobby(爱好), appetite(嗜好), taste(口味), read novels(也小说), play football/basketball(打足球/篮球), surf the internet(上网), chat online(在线聊天), play games(玩游戏 ), collect stamps(集邮), make e-friends(交网友), climb mountains(爬山), watch TV(看电视), enjoy popular music(喜欢流行音乐 ),be interested in(对感兴趣), develop an interest in(在 方面发 展兴趣), be fond of(喜欢),be keen on(喜欢), have love for(喜爱), have a taste in(对 有兴趣) 等。 话题二:劳动与劳动观念 Work(工作), be at work(在工作), work hard(努力工作 ), produce(生产), worker(工人), labor force(劳动力), labor(劳动), voluntary labor(义务劳动),serve the people(为人 民服务),heart and soul(全心全意 ),physical labor(体力劳动 ), mental labor(脑力劳动), labor viewpoint(劳动观念), labor Day(劳动节), workday(工作日), means of labor(劳 动方式), honorable(光荣的), be devoted to(奉献于), value(价值), earn money(赚钱) , personal interests(个人利益 )等。 话题三:创建和谐社会 harmonious(和谐的), friendly(友好的), civilized(文明的), honest(真诚的), credible (诚 信的), be public-spirited(有公德心的), balanced(平衡的), be in order(有序的), peaceful(和平的), live in harmony(生活和谐), sustainable development(可持续发展) 等,help each ether(互助), care for each other(互相关心), have deep love for (热爱), be concerned with (关心), build(创建), cherish(珍惜), take an active part in(积极参 与), pay attention to social moral(讲究社会公德), protect the environment(保护环境), save energy(节省能源)等。No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。can be achieved by hard wok. 可以通过劳动获得。It is difficult to find work in the present situation. 在当前形势下,很难找到工作。It is honorable to 是光荣的。If everyone for others and the society, our world will be 如果每个人为他人和社会做, 我们这个世 界将会。Every one should and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.每个人应该 ,为把我们祖国建设成为一个强壮的国家而奉献自己的力量。 话题四:招聘与求职 employ(雇佣), look for(寻找), take in(吸纳), full-time(全职的), part-time(兼职的), well-paid(薪水高的), be paid by the hour(按小时发工资), requirement(要求), rsum(个人履历),schooling(受教育情况), subjects(课程), working experience(工作经 历), qualification(合格证明), trans cript (成绩单), health(健康状况), present address(现在通讯地址)等,apply for(申请), graduate from(毕业于), major in(以为 专业), degree(学位), scholarship(奖学金), good grades(良好的成绩), hobby(爱好), favorite(最喜欢的), be skilled in(在 方面熟练), be good at(擅长), experienced(有经 验的), confident(自信的), English and computer ability(英语和计算机能力), healthy(健康的)等。 话题五:中学生的健康问题 Physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态), strong(强壮的), un/healthy(不健康/ 健康的), overweight/fat(肥胖的 ), thin(瘦的), near/short-sighted(近视的), mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的), normal(正常的), abnormal(不正常的), energetic(精力旺盛的), unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯), eat much junk food (吃太多的垃圾食品)等, Stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康), build up ones body/ improve ones health(强身健 体), enough sleep(充足的睡眠 ), take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动), roper diet(合理的饮食), good living habits(良好的生活习惯), lose weight(减肥), remove heavy burdens(减轻负担), be good for/do good to(对有益处), nutrition(营养), go on diet(节食), form a eating habit(养成一个 的饮食习惯) Breathe in as much fresh air 等。 话题六:环境保护 Pollute(污染),Waste is scattering here and there.(到处撒满了废弃物),protect the environment(保护环境) ,send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air(散 发出烟和有毒气体),cut down trees(砍伐树木), pour waste water into the rivers(把废水注入河流),It is a shame to throw rubbish around. (乱扔垃圾是可耻 的),form good habits to protect the surroundings(养成良好的习惯来保护环境), take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物 ), take good care of our forests(关心我们的森林),plant more trees to improve the environment (多植来改善环境),The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings. (可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很 大的危害。) 话题七:校园文明与安全问题 School rules and regulations(学校规章制度),obey( 遵守), observe(遵守), keep/observe discipline(遵守纪律), behave well(表现良好),be neatly dressed(穿戴整 洁), respect ones teachers and parents(尊敬师长), be on time(准时), keep the environment clean(保持环境干净), civilized(文明的) break the rules(违反规章制度), discipline(纪律), spit(吐痰), throw rubbish everywhere(乱扔垃圾), cheat in the exam(考试作弊 ), get in line (插队), fight with sb.(与 打架), punish sb. for (因 处罚 某人)等。The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school. 学校要 求学生不要违反任何规章制度。The students are expected to 学校期望学生。It must be made clear that the students should 必须明确的一点是,学生应该。 is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society. 对创建友好和谐的社会是毫 无益处的。It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.遵守学校的 规章制度是光荣的。It is worthy of praise to . 是值得表扬的。It is shameful to 是可耻的。What we should do is that 我们应该做的事情是 话题八:友谊 get to know sb.(认识某人), know sb. really well(熟知某人), make friends with sb.(和 某人交朋友), a strong personality (一个很强的个性), personal matters(隐私), friendship(友谊), friendly(友好的), a close friend(一个亲密的朋友), trust each other (相互信任), precious(珍贵的), worthy(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的), share with sb.(与分享), be loyal to(对忠诚), keep in touch with sb. (与保持联系), keep company with sb.(和结交), stay best friends with sb. (和 保持很好的友谊)等。 在描述此话题时常用的句型有: 1. Friends give us 朋友给予我们。 2. A good friend is someone you can 一位好朋友就是一个我们能够 的人。 3. The first time I met , he was 当我第一次遇到的时候,他 。 4. Friendship plays an important part in 友谊在中扮演一个重要角色。 5. You can to be a good friend. 你可以 来成为别人的好朋友。 6. We can turn to . when we feel down. 当我们心情糟糕时,可以求助于。 7. makes a good friend. 成就好朋友。 8. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真知。 9. . is one of the things people value most in a friend. 是人们在朋友身上最重视的东西。 10. have a friend of years with sb. 与 有着 年的友情。 高考英语书面表达正反观点议论文写作指导 一、构思-文章结构 正反观点对比类的文章: 开头:提出问题 主体:陈述不同的观点及其理由 结尾:说明自己观点 二、表示不同观点的套语 v 总起: Different people hold different opinions. Opinions are divided. People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards People have different opinions on this problem. People take different views on this question. v 表达不同观点: of them hold the opinion that . of them are in favor of the idea that People who are for/against the idea think Some people believe that. Others argue that v 不同观点之间的衔接: vHowever, of them hold a different view. / of them hold the opposite opinion. vPeople who are against it dont think so. vHowever, each coin has two sides. vDifferent from those., people think . vOn the other hand, people object that . v 并列关系:and, as well as, also v 递进关系:besides, in addition, moreover, whats more v 比较、对比:like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand 三、参考范文:2005 年高考(江西卷) 人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文,介绍人们的 不同观点,并表达自己的看法。 赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法 1.广交朋友 2.可自由表达思想 3.利于外语学习 1.浪费时间 2.影响学习 3.可能上当受骗? Should students make friends on line ? Some people say yes .The interhelps make many friends .Chatting on line ,students can more freely express their feelings and opinions ,and even get help with their foreign language studies . Others ,however, think students should not .They say making friends on line is a waste of time ,which should be spent more meaningfully on study .Besides ,some students get cheated on line. It is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. As for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us. 四、巩固练习: 请根据以下的情景说明,使用 5 个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容。 情景说明 假设你是高三学生李平,近来,你的同学去饭店过生日的现象越来越盛行,对此,同学们有不 同的看法

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